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Line 38: [[File:Norblin - Bojka szlachty na sejmiku (IV).jpg\|thumb\|Nobility fighting at a sejmik, Jean-Pierre Norblin de La Gourdaine]] Historians distinguish several types of sejmiks, depending on their geographical scope: * '''General''' (Polish: ''generalny'', Latin ''conventiones generales''), held in western Poland ([[Greater Poland]]) at [[Koło]], in southern Poland ([[Lesser Poland\|Little Poland]]) at [[Nowe Miasto Korczyn]], in [[Masovian Voivodeship\|Masovia]] at [[Warsaw]], in [[Ruthenian Voivodeship\|Red Ruthenia]] at Sądowa Wisznia ([[Sudova Vyshnia]]), and in [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania\|Lithuania]] at Wołkowysk ([[~~Volkovysk~~Vawkavysk]]).<ref name="bardach"/><ref name="Jędruch1982-43-45"/> The General Sejmiks were composed of delegates elected at the provincial sejmiks, and of Senators.<ref name="bardach"/> Their goal was to agree on a position for the General Sejm ([[Sejm Walny]]) and issue instructions for the deputies on how they were supposed to vote during the General Sejm.<ref name="bardach"/> The competences of the general sejmiks were defined by precedent and custom rather than law; on rare instances when external circumstances prevented a national Sejm from being convened (such as 1511, 1513 and 1577), the general sejmiks were seen as competent to legislate on national matters.<ref name="Jędruch1982-43-45"/> In the 15th century some general sejmiks reserved the right to accept or reject national legislation.<ref name="Jędruch1982-43-45"/> In the 16th century they were tasked with preparing drafts of legislation to be discussed at Sejms.<ref name="Jędruch1982-43-45"/> Around the 17th century general sejmiks were mostly abandoned (with the exceptions of those in [[Royal Prussia]], see [[Prussian estates]]); instead, provincial deputies would meet in special sessions during the Sejm proper.<ref name="bardach"/><ref name="Kriegseisen1991-25-26"/> * '''Provincial''', '''Territorial''', '''Voivodeship''' or '''County''' (Polish: ''ziemski'', [[Latin]] ''conventiones particulares, conventiones terrestrae''). The names of these sejmiks varied depending on their administrative level and local traditions; Płaza lists [[powiat]] sejmiks (county sejmiks; ''sejmiki powiatowe''), [[ziemia]] sejmiks (territorial sejmiks; ''sejmiki ziemskie''), [[voivodeship]] sejmiks (''sejmiki wojewódzkie'') and provincial sejmiks (''sejmiki prowincjonalne'').<ref name="Płaza1984"/> A theoretical hierarchy that almost never existed in practice could be drawn starting from the powiat sejmiks, and moving upwards to ziemia, voivodeship, general (of several voivodeships) and provincial sejmiks ending with the final, national sejm.<ref name="Płaza1984"/><ref name="Kriegseisen1991-26-27"/> Almost all ziemias had their own sejmiks, but the importance of the sejmik varied based on whether the given ziemia was autonomous (that is, whether it was part of a voivodeship).<ref name="Płaza1984"/> Powiat sejms were common in Lithuania, but were rare in the Crown of Poland, where instead voivodeship sejms were much more common.<ref name="Płaza1984"/> Some voivodeships could hold a single voivodeship sejmik, and others might be covered by more than one sejmik.<ref name="Płaza1984"/><ref name="Kriegseisen1991-28"/> The importance of the local sejmiks began to diminish with the formation of the national sejm. Thereafter the local sejmiks were relegated to dealing with local matters and electing deputies to the General Sejms.<ref name="bardach"/> They rose in importance again in the second half of the 17th century, as the central Sejm grew weaker.<ref name="bardach2"/>

Sejmik: Difference between revisions