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==History==
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The Children's Health Insurance Program grew out of years of work in the [[U.S. Congress]] to improve Americans' health coverage. Almost a decade prior, the [[U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care]] was formed in 1989 and charged with recommending “legislative action to ensure coverage for all Americans.” The Commission, renamed the Pepper Commission in honor of its creator and first chair Representative Claude Pepper (D-Fla.), laid out a blueprint to achieve universal coverage. Given the challenges of comprehensive health reform, [[Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV]], who was elected chair following Rep. Pepper's death, emphasized his commitment to pursue legislative action not only on the commission's full set of recommendations but also on a "down payment" — to expand public health coverage immediately for children and pregnant women, consistent with the principles the commission put forward. The legislation would guarantee public insurance coverage through Medicaid for every American child living in poverty and offset the cost of the improvements by doubling the federal excise tax on cigarettes.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rockefeller|first1=John|title=The Pepper Commission Report on Comprehensive Health Care|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=October 4, 1990|doi=10.1056/NEJM199010043231429|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199010043231429#t=article|accessdate=6 September 2017}}</ref>
As a part of the fallout from the failed 1993 Clinton health care plan, both Democratic Senator Ted Kennedy and the Clinton administration were looking for smaller initiatives for publicly funded health care that could gain bipartisan support.<ref name="ap100507">{{cite news | url=http://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/hillary_health_care/2007/10/05/38601.html | title=Hillary Claims Credit for Child Program | agency=[[Associated Press]] for [[NewsMax]] | author=Beth Fouhy | date=2007-10-05 | accessdate=2007-10-07 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080123174618/http://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/hillary_health_care/2007/10/05/38601.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2008-01-23}}</ref>
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