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== History ==
The term derives from the Greek: the first element from {{lang|grc|ἀρχι}} ''archi-'' meaning "highest" or from ''archon'' "ruler"; and the second root from {{lang|grc|μάνδρα}} ''mandra'' meaning "enclosure" or "corral", "pen" and denoting a "monastery" (compare the usage of "flock" for "congregation").
The title has been in common use since the 5th century, but is mentioned for the first time in a letter to [[Epiphanius of Salamis|Epiphanius]], prefixed to his [[Panarion|''Panarium'']] (ca. 375), but the ''[[Lausiac History]]'' of [[Palladius of Galatia|Palladius]] may evidence its common use in the 4th century as applied to Saint [[Pachomius]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Archimandrite|volume=2|page=368}}</ref>
When the supervision of monasteries passed to another episcopal official—the Great [[Sakellarios]] ("[[sacristan]]")—the title of archimandrite became an honorary one for abbots of important monasteries (compared to an ordinary abbot, a [[hegumenos]]).
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In 1764 the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] secularised its monasteries and ranked them in one of three classes, awarding only the abbots at the head of monasteries of the second or first class the title of archimandrite. Abbots of third class monasteries were to be styled "hegumen".
The duties of both a hegumen and an archimandrite are the same; however, during the [[Divine Service (Eastern Orthodoxy)|Divine Service]] a hegumen wears a simple [[Mantle (vesture)|mantle]], while the mantle of an archimandrite is decorated with sacral texts; an archimandrite also wears a [[mitre]] and bears a pastoral staff (''[[pateritsa]]'').
The Russian Orthodox Church commonly selects its [[bishop]]s from the ranks of the archimandrites.
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An archimandrite who does not function as an abbot has the style "The Very Reverend Archimandrite" whilst one with abbatial duties uses the style "The Right Reverend Archimandrite".
The word occurs in the ''Regula Columbani'' (c. 7), and [[Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange|du Cange]] gives a few other cases of its use in Latin documents, but it never came into vogue in the West; yet, owing to intercourse with Greek and Slavonic Christianity, the title sometimes appears in southern Italy and Sicily, and in Croatia, Hungary and Poland.<ref name="EB1911"/>
==References==
{{More footnotes|date=November 2017}}
{{reflist}}
* {{efron}}
* ''Dictionnaire d'archéologie chrétienne et de liturgie'' (in French)
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