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https://fas.org/irp/world/dprk/dod-2013.pdf |author=[[United States Department of Defense]]| title=Military and Security Developments Involving the Democratic People's Republic of Korea 2013|publisher=Federation of American Scientists| date= |accessdate=January 20, 2015}}</ref> Cyber operations are thought to be a cost-effective way for North Korea to maintain an asymmetric military option, as well as a means to gather intelligence; its primary intelligence targets are South Korea, Japan, and the United States.<ref name=arc/> Bureau 121 was created in 1998.<ref name=nyt1/>
Another known cyberwarfare unit in the General Bureau of Reconnaissance is called No. 91 Office.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-12-07/sony-s-darkseoul-breach-stretched-from-thai-hotel-to-hollywood|title=Sony's Breach Stretched From Thai Hotel to Hollywood|last1=Robertson|first1=Jordan|date=7 December 2014|work=Bloomberg News
==Staffing==
According to a report by [[Reuters]], Bureau 121 is staffed by some of North Korea's most talented computer experts and is run by the Korean military.<ref name=reuters/> A defector indicated that the agency has about 1,800 specialists. Many of the bureau's [[Hacker (computer security)|hacker]]s are hand-picked graduates of the University of Automation, [[Pyongyang]]<ref name =reuters/> and spend five years in training.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/32926248/bureau-121-north-koreas-elite-hackers-and-a-tasteful-hotel-in-china|title=Bureau 121: North Korea's elite hackers and a 'tasteful' hotel in China|last=Waterhouse|first=James|date=2015-05-19|work=BBC News|access-date=2017-04-27
==Targets and methods==
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