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In the case of free conference calling, the conferencing company strikes an agreement with the local phone company that hosts the conferencing bridge (equipment connecting lines) to receive a share of the terminating access charge received for connecting the call. At large carriers such as AT&T and Verizon, they keep these access charges for their own conferencing services in addition to charging the customer for the conference service. With free conference calling, as mentioned above, there are no organizer fees so these services do not double-dip: the consumer pays for a regular call with the same three components – origination, transport, and termination – of any call. In other words, the call costs the same as any other call under the customer's calling plan, but the conferencing is included for free to the host and participants of the conference call.
In November 2011, the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) published a 732-page Order on InterCarrier Compensation (ICC),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telecomlawmonitor.com/2011/11/articles/access-charges/fcc-iccusf-reform-order-published-in-federal-register/|title=FCC ICC/USF Reform Order Published in Federal Register|author=John J. Heitmann|date=2011-11-29|accessdate=2013-02-01}}</ref> including rules governing revenue sharing. Citing Section 251(b)(5) of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, the FCC mandated that terminating access rates for all calls (not just conference calls) be leveled in 2012 and 2013, then reduced in three increments over the subsequent three years until they reached $0 in 2017.<ref name="fcc">[http://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-releases-connect-america-fund-order-reforms-usficc-broadband FCC Releases Connect America Fund Order, Reforms USF/ICC for Broadband], pg 215</ref> These mostly sub-1 cent charges are replaced with an access recovery charge (ARC) that is added onto every customers' bill by their phone carriers. In other words, every phone company will get to keep the terminating access charges they had to pay out to connect each call while charging consumers more whether they make calls or not. This order has been challenged at the Federal Appeals Court by several parties.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://jsicapitaladvisors.com/the-ilec-advisor/2011/12/11/let-the-challenges-begin-usficc-order-under-attack-as-partie.html|title=Let the Challenges Begin! USF/ICC Order under Attack as Parties Turn to Courts|date=2011-12-11|accessdate=2013-02-01}}</ref>▼
▲In November 2011, the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) published a 732-page Order on InterCarrier Compensation (ICC),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telecomlawmonitor.com/2011/11/articles/access-charges/fcc-iccusf-reform-order-published-in-federal-register/|title=FCC ICC/USF Reform Order Published in Federal Register|author=John J. Heitmann|date=2011-11-29|accessdate=2013-02-01}}</ref> including rules governing revenue sharing. Citing Section 251(b)(5) of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, the FCC mandated that terminating access rates for all calls (not just conference calls) be leveled in 2012 and 2013, then reduced in three increments over the subsequent three years until they reached $0 in 2017.<ref name=fcc>[http://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-releases-connect-america-fund-order-reforms-usficc-broadband FCC Releases Connect America Fund Order, Reforms USF/ICC for Broadband], pg 215</ref> These mostly sub-1 cent charges are replaced with an access recovery charge (ARC) that is added onto every customers' bill by their phone carriers. In other words, every phone company will get to keep the terminating access charges they had to pay out to connect each call while charging consumers more whether they make calls or not. This order has been challenged at the Federal Appeals Court by several parties.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://jsicapitaladvisors.com/the-ilec-advisor/2011/12/11/let-the-challenges-begin-usficc-order-under-attack-as-partie.html|title=Let the Challenges Begin! USF/ICC Order under Attack as Parties Turn to Courts|date=2011-12-11|accessdate=2013-02-01}}</ref>
As for revenue sharing, the order adds a measure for high volume call traffic which triggers an immediate terminating access charge reduction to the lowest rate of any carrier in that state.<ref name=fcc/>
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Here participants dial in on a premium-rate number such as a toll free number in the US. The conference is typically hosted by the party that perceives value in the call in order to justify the cost: this could be a business owner, a non-profit board member, an educator, lawyer, or expert in any given field. That person then usually pays for the cost of the call. Premium conferencing can also be used for charitable fundraisers.
'''Premium
*Reservationless or operator assisted conferencing
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==Conferencing in IMS==
The [[3rd Generation Partnership Project]] (3GPP) defined a technical specification (TS 24.147) for conferencing within the [[IP Multimedia Subsystem]] (IMS) based on the [[Session Initiation Protocol]] (SIP), SIP Events, the [[Session Description Protocol]] (SDP) and the Binary Floor Control Protocol (BFCP, aka RFC4582).
==See also==
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