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{{Use dmy dates|date=JuneApril 20132020}}
{{infobox person/Wikidata | fetchwikidata=ALL | onlysourced=yes}}
'''François Barbé-Marbois''', [[Marquess|marquis]] de '''Barbé-Marbois''' (31 January 1745 – 12 February 1837) was a French politician.
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Born in [[Metz]], where his father was director of the local mint, Barbé-Marbois tutored the children of the [[Charles Eugène Gabriel de La Croix, marquis de Castries|Marquis de Castries]]. In 1779 he was made secretary of the French legation to the United States. In 1780, Barbé-Marbois sent a questionnaire to the governors of all thirteen former American colonies, seeking information about each state's geography, natural resources, history, and government. [[Thomas Jefferson]], who was then finishing his final term as Virginia's governor, responded to this query with a manuscript that later became his famous ''[[Notes on the State of Virginia]]''.<ref>R.E. Bernstein, ''Thomas Jefferson'', p. 50.</ref>
 
Barbé-Marbois was elected a Foreign Honorary Member to both the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<ref name=AAAS>{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780-20101780–2010: Chapter B|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=17 May 2011}}</ref> and the [[American Philosophical Society]]<ref name=aps>{{ cite journal|title=The Early French Members of the American Philosophical Society |author=J. G. Rosengarten |journal= [[American Philosophical Society#Publications|Transactions of the American Philosophical Society]] |year=1907 |volume=46 |issue=185 |page=87 |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |jstor=983442}}</ref> in 1781. When the minister [[Chevalier de la Luzerne]] returned to France in 1783, Barbé-Marbois remained in America as chargé d'affaires in 1784. That year he married Elizabeth Moore (1765-18341765–1834), the daughter of [[William Moore (statesman)|William Moore]], former governor of [[Pennsylvania]].
 
In 1785 he became [[intendant]] of the [[French colonial empires|colony]] of [[Saint-Domingue]] under the ''[[Ancien Régime]]''.
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At the close of 1789, he returned to France, and then placed his services at the disposal of the [[French Revolution]]ary government. In 1791 he was sent to [[Regensburg]] to help the [[Emmanuel Marie Louis, marquis de Noailles|Marquis de Noailles]], the French [[Ambassador (diplomacy)|ambassador]]. Suspected of [[treason]], he was arrested on his return but soon freed.
 
In 1795 he was elected to the [[Council of the Ancients]], where the general [[Moderate|moderation]] of his attitude, especially in his opposition to the [[French nobility|exclusion of nobles]] and the relations of ''[[émigré]]s'' from public life, brought him under suspicion of being a royalist, though he pronounced a [[eulogy]] on [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] for his [[French Revolutionary Wars: Campaigns of 1797|success in Italy]].
 
During the anti-[[House of Bourbon|Royalist]] ''[[coup d'état]]'' of the [[Coup of 18 Fructidor|18th Fructidor]] (4 September) 1797), he was arrested and transported to [[French Guiana]]. Transferred to the island of [[Oléron]] in 1799, he was set free by [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon Bonaparte]] after the [[18 Brumaire|18 Brumaire]] Coup]]. In 1801, under the [[French Consulate|Consulate]], he became councillor of state and director of the ''[[Trésor public]]'' (Treasury), and in 1802 a [[Senate of France|senator]].
 
[[Image:Louisiana Purchase 150th anniversary 3c 1953 issue.jpg|thumb|300px|U.S. postage stamp (c. 1953) commemorating the [[Louisiana Purchase]]; Barbé-Marbois is pictured alongside [[James Monroe]] and [[Robert Livingston (1746-1813)|Robert Livingston]]]]
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