Picoides: Difference between revisions

The genus ''Picoides'' was introduced by the French naturalist [[Bernard Germain de Lacépède]] in 1799.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Lacépède | first=Bernard Germain de | authorlink=Bernard Germain de Lacépède | year=1799 | title=Discours d'ouverture et de clôture du cours d'histoire naturelle | chapter=Tableau des sous-classes, divisions, sous-division, ordres et genres des oiseux | language=French | publisher=Plassan | place=Paris | page=7 | chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA81 }} Page numbering starts at one for each of the three sections.</ref> The [[type species]] was subsequently designated as the [[Eurasian three-toed woodpecker]] (''Picoides tridactylus'') by the English zoologist [[George Robert Gray]] in 1840.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gray | first=George Robert | author-link=George Robert Gray | year=1840 | title=A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus | place=London | publisher=R. and J.E. Taylor | page=54 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13668971 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1948 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=Volume 6 | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=215 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14477648}}</ref> The genus name combines the Latin ''Picus'' for a woodpecker and the [[Classical Greek|Greek]] ''-oidēs'' meaning resembling.<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 |page=306}}</ref> The genus ''Picoides'' formerly contained around 12 species. In 2015 a [[molecular phylogenetic]] analysis of nuclear and [[mitochondrial]] DNA sequences from pied woodpeckers (the tribe Dendropicini) found that three existing genera (''Picoides'', ''[[Veniliornis]]'' and ''[[Dendropicos]]'') were [[polyphyletic]]. After the creation of six new [[monophyletic]] genera and the subsequent rearrangement in which most of the former members of ''Picoides'' were moved to ''[[Leuconotopicus]]'' and ''[[Dryobates]]'', only three of the original species remained.<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Fuchs | first1=J. | last2=Pons | first2=J.M. | year=2015 | title=A new classification of the pied woodpeckers assemblage (Dendropicini, Picidae) based on a comprehensive multi-locus phylogeny | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=88 | issue= | pages=28–37 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.016 | pmid=25818851}}</ref><ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | title=Woodpeckers | work= World Bird List Version 6.2 | url= http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/woodpeckers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union| accessdate = 5 May 2016 }}</ref>