Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Difference between revisions

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→‎Transmission: include empirical evidence for non-sexual transmission with supporting reference.
→‎Transmission: discuss newer study implicating kissing as a theoretical means of transmission with appropriate reference citation.
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===Transmission===
''N. gonorrhoeae'' may be transmitted through vaginal, oral, or anal sex; nonsexual transmission is unlikely in adult infection.<ref name=":112"/> It can also be transmitted to the newborn during passage through the birth canal if the mother has untreated genitourinary infection. Given the high rate of asymptomatic infection, all pregnant women should be tested for gonorrhea infection.<ref name=":112"/> However, Communal baths, towels or fabric, rectal thermometers and caregivers hands have been impilcated as means of transmission in the pediatric setting. <ref>F;, G.-S. (2012, July 30). What Is the Evidence for Non-Sexual Transmission of Gonorrhoea in Children After the Neonatal Period? A Systematic Review. J Forensic Leg Med. 2007 Nov;14(8):489-502. doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2007.04.001. Epub 2007 Jul 30. Retrieved June 7, 2020, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17961874/ </ref> Kissing has also been implicated as a theoretical means of transmission in the gay male population, based on a newer study. <ref>Bever, L., & Washington Post. (2019, May 10). You May Not Need to Have Sex to Transmit Gonorrhea, New Study Suggests. Retrieved June 7, 2020, from https://www.sciencealert.com/you-might-be-able-to-catch-this-std-just-from-french-kissing-suggest-new-study </ref>
 
Traditionally, the bacterium was thought to move attached to spermatozoa, but this hypothesis did not explain female to male transmission of the disease. A recent study suggests that rather than "surf" on wiggling [[sperm]], ''N. gonorrhoeae'' bacteria use pili to anchor onto proteins in the sperm and move through coital liquid.<ref name="Anderson2014">{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=M. T.|last2=Dewenter|first2=L.|last3=Maier|first3=B.|last4=Seifert|first4=H. S.|year=2014|title=Seminal Plasma Initiates a ''Neisseria gonorrhoeae'' Transmission State|journal=mBio|volume=5|issue=2|pages=e01004–13|doi=10.1128/mBio.01004-13|pmc=3958800|pmid=24595372}}</ref>