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'''Foral''' was a royal document in [[Portugal]] and its former empire, in which a ''[[concelho]]'' (Council) was created and its administration, borders and privileges were regulated. It could also be a royal [[chart]] ('''Carta de Foral''') in which the administration of a town or city was regulated or it conceded privileges. These were conceded from the 12th until the 16th century.
The word ''Foral'' derives from the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] word ''Foro'', ultimately from [[Latin]] <small>FORVM</small>, equivalent to [[Spanish language]] [[fuero]]s.
Forals are seen as the very base of municipal foundation, and were important for successful land settling or to increase yields, by grating more freedom and dignity, via a concession, to farmers, in an Era were the people was subject to near slave work or were servants of land lords. These is the most important event of a city or town's history, as these kept lands, town or city free from [[feudal]] power, and organized in a neighbours council (''concelho''), with municipal autonomy. Thus, the population was directly and exclusively under the dominion and jurisdiction of the crown. The ''Foral'' conceded lands for the collective use of the community, regulated taxes, tolls and established rights of protection and military obligations for royal service.
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[[category:History of Portugal]]
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