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In the social and religious history of [[England]] and [[Wales]], and, by extension, [[Ireland]], however, it refers particularly to a member of a religious body who has, for one reason or another, separated from the [[established church]] or any other kind of [[Protestant]] who refuses to recognise the supremacy of the established church in areas where the established church is or was [[Anglican]].<ref name=OxDictChristChurch>{{citation | title = The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | editor1-first = FL | editor1-last = Cross | editor2-first = EA | editor2-last = Livingstone | publisher = Oxford University Press | place = USA | edition = 3rd | page = 490 | date = March 13, 1997}}.</ref><ref name="IP58">{{cite book |last1= Parker |first1= Irene |authorlink1= |title= Dissenting academies in England: their rise and progress, and their place among the educational systems of the country |url= https://archive.org/details/dissentingacadem00parkiala/ |format= |accessdate= |year=2009|publisher= Cambridge University Press |location= |language= |isbn=978-0-521-74864-3|oclc= |doi= |id= |page= |pages=|chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= }}</ref>
Originally, the term included English and Welsh [[Roman Catholics]]<ref name=OxDictChristChurch/> whom the original draft of the [[Nonconformist Relief Act 1779]] styled "[[Protesting Catholic Dissenters]]". In practice, however, it designates Protestant Dissenters referred to in sec. ii. of the [[Act of Toleration 1689|Act of Toleration
===Dissent from Presbyterian church===
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