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2D computer graphics are mainly used in applications that were originally developed upon traditional [[printing]] and [[drawing]] technologies, such as [[typography]], [[cartography]], [[technical drawing]], [[advertising]], etc. In those applications, the two-dimensional [[image]] is not just a representation of a real-world object, but an independent artifact with added semantic value; two-dimensional models are therefore preferred, because they give more direct control of the image than [[3D computer graphics]] (whose approach is more akin to [[photography]] than to typography).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Basic Principles of Two-Dimensional Graphics (Introduction to Computer Graphics Using Java 2D and 3D) Part 1|url=http://what-when-how.com/introduction-to-computer-graphics-using-java-2d-and-3d/basic-principles-of-two-dimensional-graphics-introduction-to-computer-graphics-using-java-2d-and-3d-part-1/|access-date=2020-08-21|website=what-when-how.com}}</ref>
In many domains, such as [[desktop publishing]], [[engineering]], and [[business]], a description of a document based on 2D computer graphics techniques can be much smaller than the corresponding digital image—often by a factor of 1/1000 or more. This representation is also more flexible since it can be [[rendering (computer graphics)|rendered]] at different [[Image resolution|resolution]]s to suit different [[output device]]s. For these reasons, documents and illustrations are often stored or transmitted as [[graphics file format|2D graphic files]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=2D Computer Graphics {{!}} Guide books|url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/book/10.5555/1823138|access-date=2020-08-21|website=dl.acm.org
2D computer graphics started in the 1950s, based on [[vector graphics|vector graphics devices]]. These were largely supplanted by [[raster graphics|raster-based devices]] in the following decades. The [[PostScript]] language and the [[X Window System]] protocol were landmark developments in the field.
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