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'''''Haematoxylum campechianum''''' ('''blackwood''', '''bloodwood tree''', '''bluewood''', '''campeachy tree''', '''campeachy wood''', '''campeche logwood''', '''campeche wood''', '''Jamaica wood''', '''logwood''' or '''logwood tree''')<ref>{{cite book |last=Umberto Quattrocchi
==Uses==
{{main|Haematoxylin}}
''Haematoxylum campechianum'' was used for a long time as a natural source of [[natural dye|dye]].<ref name="Ortiz-Hidalgo and Pina-Oviedo, 2019" /> The woodchips are still used as an important source of [[haematoxylin]], which is used in [[histology]] for [[staining]].<ref name="Ortiz-Hidalgo and Pina-Oviedo, 2019">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ortiz-Hidalgo C, Pina-Oviedo S|title=Hematoxylin: Mesoamerica's Gift to Histopathology. Palo de Campeche (Logwood Tree), Pirates' Most Desired Treasure, and Irreplaceable Tissue Stain. |journal=Int J Surg Pathol |year=2019 |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=4–14 |pmid=30001639 |doi=10.1177/1066896918787652 |pmc=|s2cid=51622166 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30001639 }} </ref>
The [[Bark (botany)|bark]] and [[Leaf|leaves]] are also used in various medical applications. In its time, it was considered a versatile dye, and was widely used on [[textile]]s and also for [[paper]].<ref name="hammeke-04">{{cite web |url=http://www.ischool.utexas.edu/~cochinea/pdfs/e-hammeke-04-logwood.pdf |title=Logwood Dye on Paper |last=Hammeke |first=Erin |date=2004 |publisher=[[University of Texas at Austin]] |accessdate=2008-07-05}}</ref>
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==Logwood and pirates==
Logwood also played an important role in the lives of 17th-century [[buccaneers]] and into the [[Golden Age of Piracy]]. Spain claimed all of Central and [[South America]] as its sovereign territory through the 17th and 18th centuries; despite this, English, Dutch, and French sailors recognized the value of logwood and set up camps to cut and collect the trees for shipment back to Europe. Spain periodically sent privateers to capture the logwood cutters – for example, [[Juan Corso]]'s 1680 cruise – sometimes in retaliation for buccaneer raids on Spanish cities.<ref name="Latimer-Buccaneers">{{cite book |last1=Latimer |first1=Jon |title=Buccaneers of the Caribbean: How Piracy Forged an Empire |date=2009 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, MA |isbn=9780674034037 |page=225 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_ouD5zPZL8C |accessdate=12 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Logwood cutters, now out of work, frequently joined onto pirate and buccaneer crews to raid the Spanish in return, as [[Edmund Cooke (pirate)|Edmund Cooke]] did after losing two logwood-hauling ships to the Spanish.<ref name="Marley">{{cite book |last1=Marley |first1=David |title=Daily Life of Pirates |date=2012 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, CA |isbn=9780313395635 |pages=51, 79-82, 180 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4DXv4pNi8UC
Logwood cutting was profitable – "According to a government report, in the four years 1713 to 1716, some 4,965 tons of logwood were exported to England at not less than £60,000 per annum" – but only brought in a fraction of the profits from tobacco and other legal exports, and "was always a minor industry carried on by a few hundred ex-seamen and pirates in a remote corner of the globe".<ref name="Cordingly - Under the Black Flag">{{cite book |last1=Cordingly |first1=David |title=Under the Black Flag: The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates |date=2013 |publisher=Random House Publishing Group |location=New York |isbn=9780307763075 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnoi6SM1u5cC |accessdate=28 July 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
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