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Sorbitol is used in bacterial culture media to distinguish the pathogenic [[Escherichia coli O157:H7|''Escherichia coli'' O157:H7]] from most other strains of ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'', because it is usually unable to ferment sorbitol, unlike 93% of known ''E. coli'' strains.<ref name=wells_1983_101>{{cite journal |vauthors=Wells JG, Davis BR, Wachsmuth IK, etal |title=Laboratory investigation of hemorrhagic colitis outbreaks associated with a rare Escherichia coli serotype|journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology|volume=18|issue=3|pages=512–20| date=September 1983 |pmid=6355145|pmc=270845|doi=10.1128/JCM.18.3.512-520.1983|quote=The organism does not ferment sorbitol; whereas 93% of E. coli of human origin are sorbitol positive}}</ref>
A treatment for [[Hyperkalemia|hyperkalaemia]] (elevated blood [[potassium]]) uses sorbitol and the [[ion-exchange]] resin [[sodium polystyrene sulfonate]] (tradename Kayexalate).<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rugolotto S, Gruber M, Solano PD, Chini L, Gobbo S, Pecori S |title=Necrotizing enterocolitis in a 850 gram infant receiving sorbitol-free sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate): clinical and histopathologic findings |journal=J Perinatol |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=247–9 | date=April 2007 |pmid=17377608 |doi=10.1038/sj.jp.7211677 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The resin exchanges sodium ions for potassium ions in the bowel, while sorbitol helps to eliminate it. In 2010, the U.S. [[FDA]] issued a warning of increased risk for gastrointestinal necrosis with this combination.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm186845.htm|title=Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) powder|work=fda.gov|
Sorbitol is also used in the manufacture of [[softgel|softgel capsule]]s to store single doses of liquid medicines.<ref name="Catalent Softgel website">{{cite web|url=http://www.catalent.com/offerings/drug-delivery/drug-delivery-oral/softgel-technology|title=Home – Catalent|work=catalent.com|
===Health care, food, and cosmetic uses===
Sorbitol often is used in modern [[cosmetics]] as a [[humectant]] and [[thickener]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bttcogroup.in/sorbitol-70.html|title=Sorbitol 70%|work=bttcogroup.in|
Sorbitol is used as a [[cryoprotectant]] additive (mixed with [[sucrose]] and sodium poly[[phosphate]]s) in the manufacture of [[surimi]], a processed fish paste.<ref name="MedinaGarrote2002">{{cite journal|last1=Medina|first1=J.R.|last2=Garrote|first2=R.L.|title=The effect of two cryoprotectant mixtures on frozen surubí surimi|journal=Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering|volume=19|issue=4|year=2002|pages=419–424|issn=0104-6632|doi=10.1590/S0104-66322002000400010|doi-access=free}}</ref> It is also used as a humectant in some [[cigarette]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallaher-group.com/products/table3_display.asp?brand_name=Benson+%26+Hedges+Gold&brand_family=Benson+%26+Hedges&product_type=CIGARETTE&country=UNITED+KINGDOM|title=Gallaher Group|work=gallaher-group.com|
Beyond its use as a sugar substitute in reduced-sugar foods, Sorbitol is also used as a humectant in cookies and low-moisture foods like peanut butter and fruit preserves.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Chemical and functional properties of food saccharides|date=2004|publisher=CRC Press|others=Tomasik, Piotr|isbn=9780203495728|location=Boca Raton|oclc=317752036}}</ref> In baking, it is also valuable because it acts as a [[plasticizer]], and slows down the [[staling]] process.<ref name=":0" />
===Miscellaneous uses===
A mixture of sorbitol and [[potassium nitrate]] has found some success as an amateur solid [[rocket fuel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nakka-rocketry.net/sorb.html|title=Richard Nakka's Experimental Rocketry Web Site|work=nakka-rocketry.net|
Sorbitol is identified as a potential key chemical intermediate<ref>{{Cite journal
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|title = Revisions to FCC, First Supplement
|url = http://www.usp.org/fcc/FCC61SBallotResultsWebPostingReport04.html
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|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://archive.is/20100705223317/http://www.usp.org/fcc/FCC61SBallotResultsWebPostingReport04.html
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| title = D-Sorbitol
| url = http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/ProductDetail.do?lang=en&N4=97336
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}}</ref> 6.1<ref name=ipe>{{cite web| last =European Pharmacopoeia| author-link =European Pharmacopoeia| title =Index, Ph Eur| url =https://www.edqm.eu/store/images/majbdd/200709201618250.6_1%20IndexE.pdf|
* [[British Pharmacopoeia]] 2009<ref name=ib29>{{cite web
|last=British Pharmacopoeia
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|url=http://www.pharmacopoeia.co.uk/pdf/2009_index.pdf
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|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411071437/http://www.pharmacopoeia.co.uk/pdf/2009_index.pdf
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|year=2016
|url=http://jpdb.nihs.go.jp/jp17e/000217655.pdf
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