The Ranks and insignia of Royal Danish Army follows the NATO system of ranks and insignia, as does the rest of the Danish Defence. The ranks are based around German and French military terms.[1]
History
In 1801, new uniforms were introduced for the whole army. Along with the new uniforms, epaulette ranks were introduced for officers.[2][3] Following the defeat in the English Wars in 1812, Denmark was on the brink of financial bankruptcy, resulting in drastic reductions in the military.[4] Therefore, only generals were allowed to wear epaulettes, with other ranks reverting to cuff insignia.[4] In 1822, epaulettes were introduced to all ranks.[5]
Current ranks
The current insignia for the Royal Danish Army was introduced along with the introduction of the MultiCam uniform. This sand coloured insignia replaced the older standard green slip-on and all other special slip-ons.[6]
Officers
The highest officer's rank is OF-9 (General) which is reserved for the Chief of Defence (only when this seat is occupied by an army officer). Similarly, OF-8 (Lieutenant general) is reserved for the Vice Chief of Defence). OF-7 (Major general) is used by the Chief of the Royal Danish Army and OF-6 (Brigadegeneral) by the chief of a brigade as well as keepers of high-office positions.
NATO code | OF-10 | OF-9 | OF-8 | OF-7 | OF-6 | OF-5 | OF-4 | OF-3 | OF-2 | OF-1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group[7] | Leadership level (Chefniveau) | Management level (Lederniveau) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Royal Danish Army[8] |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allgemein | Generalløjtnant | Generalmajor | Brigadegeneral | Oberst | Oberstløjtnant | Major | Kaptajn | Premierløjtnant | Løjtnant | Sekondløjtnant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish Pay Grade[9] | M406 | M405 | M404 | M403 | M402 | M401 | M332 M331 M322 |
M321 | M312 | M311 | M310 |
Medical personnel
Insignia used by physicians, dentists and veterinarians.[10]
NATO code | OF-10 | OF-9 | OF-8 | OF-7 | OF-6 | OF-5 | OF-4 | OF-3 | OF-2 | OF-1 | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoulder straps | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Position | Surgeon general | Staff physician 1st class Staff veterinarian |
Staff physician 2nd class Staff veterinarian |
Chief Physician | Staff Specialist | Resident 1st class | Resident 2nd class | Resident 3rd class | ||||||||||||||||
Rank designation | Brigadegeneral | Oberst | Oberstløjtnant | Major | Kaptajn | Premierløjtnant | Løjtnant |
Enlisted
The Danish OR's also follow the NATO system, though there are no OR-6's. OR-4 (Korporal) is the highest of the M100-level ranks and is not considered a NCO-rank.
NATO code | OR-9 | OR-8 | OR-7 | OR-6 | OR-5 | OR-4 | OR-3 | OR-2 | OR-1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group[7] | Middle management level (Mellemlederniveau) | Manual level (Manuelt niveau) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service uniform | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Royal Danish Army[8] |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chefsergent | Seniorsergent | Oversergent | Sergent | Sergent (Officerselev) |
Korporal | Overkonstabel af 1. grad | Overkonstabel | Konstabel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish Pay Grade[9] | M232 | M231 | M221 | M212 | M211 | M113 | M112 |
Other rank insignia | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NATO Code | OR-9 | OR-8 | OR-5 | OR-3 | OR-2 | OR-1 | |||
Service uniform | |||||||||
Shoulder board[8] | |||||||||
Dänisch | Regiments-, brigade- og skole chefsergent | Regiments- og brigade-, seniorsergent | Sergentelev | Overkonstabel 1. grad, meniggruppefører | Overkonstabel, meniggruppefører | Konstabel, meniggruppefører | Konstabelelev | Meniggruppefører | |
Englisch | Command sergeant major | Command sergeant major | Sergeant trainee | Lance corporal, section commander | Private first class, section commander | Private, section commander | Private recruit | Conscript, section commander |
Clerical personnel
-
Army Dean
-
Army Chaplain
-
Army Conscript Chaplain
Types of rank insignia
Rank | NATO |
Rank insignia | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M/58 | M/69 | TAN499 | M/06 | M/11 | |||
Woodland | Desert | ||||||
Chefsergent | OR-9 |
Historical ranks
Officer ranks
Other ranks
This article is missing information about Warrant Officers (Officianter) 1922-1969. (November 2021) |
Rank group | NCO | Enlisted | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1812–1843 [31][32] |
|||||||||||||
Kommandersergent | Sergeant | Corporal | Vicecorporal | Menig | |||||||||
1843–1848 [33] |
|||||||||||||
Overkommandersergent | Kommandersergent | Sergeant | Korporal | Underkorporal | Menig | ||||||||
1848–1867 [34] |
|||||||||||||
Overkommandersergent | Kommandersergent | Sergeant | Korporal | Underkorporal | Menig | ||||||||
1867–1903 [33] |
|||||||||||||
Stabssergent | Oversergent | Sergent | Korporal | Underkorporal | Menig | ||||||||
1903–1910 [35] |
|||||||||||||
Stabssergent | Oversergent | Sergent | Korporal | Underkorporal | Menig | ||||||||
1910–1915 [36] |
|||||||||||||
Stabssergent | Oversergent | Sergent | Kornet | Korporal | Underkorporal | Menig | |||||||
1915–1923 | |||||||||||||
Stabssergent | Oversergent | Sergent | Kornet | Korporal | Underkorporal | Menig | |||||||
1923–1951 | |||||||||||||
Korpsofficiant | Stabsofficiant | Overofficiant | Officiant | Oversergent | Sergent | Kornet | Korporal | Underkorporal | Menig | ||||
1951–1962 [37][38] |
|||||||||||||
Overfenrik | Fenrik | Oversergent | Sergent | Korporal | Befalingsmandselev | Math | Mathelev | ||||||
1962–? [39] |
|||||||||||||
Overfenrik | Fenrik | Oversergent | Sergent | Korporal | Overkonstabel | Konstable | Konstabelelev | ||||||
1965–1970 [40] |
|||||||||||||
Seniorsergent af 1. grad | Seniorsergent af 2. grad | Oversergent | Sergent | Korporal | Overkonstabel | Konstable | Konstabelelev | ||||||
1970–1982 [41] |
|||||||||||||
Seniorsergent af 1. grad | Seniorsergent af 2. grad | Oversergent | Sergent | Korporal | Overkonstabel af 1. grad | Overkonstabel af 2. grad | Konstable | Konstabelelev | |||||
1982–2008 | |||||||||||||
Chefsergent | Seniorsergent | Oversergent | Sergent | Korporal | Overkonstabel af 1. grad | Overkonstabel | Konstable | Konstabelelev | |||||
2008–2018 | |||||||||||||
Chefsergent | Seniorsergent | Oversergent | Sergent | Korporal | Overkonstabel af 1. grad | Overkonstabel | Konstable | Konstabelelev | |||||
NATO code | OR-9 | OR-8 | OR-7 | OR-5 | OR-4 | OR-3 | OR-2 | OR-1 |
Notes
References
- Citations
- ^ Editors 1935, p. 3.
- ^ a b Petersen 2014, p. 42.
- ^ a b Hedegaard 1986.
- ^ a b Petersen 2014, p. 47.
- ^ Borg 1974, p. 41.
- ^ Hærchefsergent 2018.
- ^ a b "Bekendtgørelse om militære grader mv. for personel i det militære forsvar". retsinformation.dk (in Danish). 24 March 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
- ^ a b c "Hærens Gradstegn" (PDF). forsvaret.dk (in Danish). Danish Defence. October 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
- ^ a b "Historik". forpers.dk (in Danish). Ministry of Defence. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ^ Hærchefsergent 2018, p. 17.
- ^ Petersen 2014, p. 113.
- ^ Petersen 2021, p. 874.
- ^ Petersen 2021, p. 875.
- ^ Borg 1974, pp. 51–52.
- ^ Petersen 2021, pp. 877–878.
- ^ Petersen 2021, pp. 881–882.
- ^ a b c Hansen, Løvschall & Nilsson 1997, p. 196.
- ^ a b Petersen 2021, p. 883.
- ^ Klint 1965, p. 8.
- ^ Petersen 2021, p. 886.
- ^ Petersen 2021, p. 887.
- ^ Hansen & Løvschall 2006, pp. 122–124.
- ^ Hansen 2010, pp. 124, 133–134.
- ^ "Hærens Gradstegn 1914 — 1923". chakoten.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 29 March 2021.
- ^ Finsted.
- ^ "Royal Danish Army - 1915 field uniform". Retrieved 1 November 2018.
- ^ Hillmos.
- ^ "Kaptajn". Den Danske Ordbog (in Danish). Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
- ^ L132 1962, §30.
- ^ "Sekondløjtnant". Den Danske Ordbog. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ^ Petersen 2014, p. 106.
- ^ 1812
- ^ a b Hansen, Løvschall & Nilsson 1997, pp. 201–202.
- ^ Kannik 1964, pp. 167–168.
- ^ Hansen & Løvschall 2006, p. 123-124.
- ^ Hansen 2010, pp. 124, 135.
- ^ Ministry of Defence 1954, p. 249.
- ^ Nørholtz 2019.
- ^ Hærkommandoen 1962, p. 281.
- ^ Hærkommandoen 1965, p. 297.
- ^ Hærkommandoen 1970, p. 254.
- References
- Borg, E. (1974). Den danske Marines uniformer gennem tre århundre [The Danish Navy's uniforms through three centuries] (in Danish). Strubes Forlag. ISBN 87 7508 164 4.
- Editors (12 February 1935). "Grads-Betegnelserne i Hæren". Danske Soldater (in Danish). 2 (2).
{{cite journal}}
:|author1=
has generic name (help) - Finsted, Per. "Supplement til Danske Uniformer for Hær og Flaade, 1916" [Supplement to Danish Uniforms for Army and Navy, 1916]. chakoten.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- Hansen, Bert; Løvschall, Frans; Nilsson, Birger (1997). Skøtt, Ole (ed.). "Den Danske Hær og Flådes Uniformer 1886" [Uniforms of the Danish Army and Navy 1886]. Vaabenhistoriske Aarsbøger (in Danish). 42. Devantier. ISSN 0108-707X.
- Hansen, Bert; Løvschall, Frans (2006). Skøtt, Ole (ed.). "Den danske enhedsuniform M 1903 og dens videre skæbne i det danske forsvar" [The Danish unit uniform M 1903 and its further fate in the Danish defense]. Vaabenhistoriske Aarsbøger (in Danish). 51: 99–167. ISSN 0108-707X.
- Hansen, Bert (2010). Skøtt, Ole (ed.). "Danske Uniformer 1910–1920 del 1" [Danish Uniforms 1910–1920 part 1]. Vaabenhistoriske Aarsbøger (in Danish). 55. Devantier. ISSN 0108-707X.
- Hedegaard, Ole A. (1 January 1986). "Nyt militært gradstegn - en ny/gammel tradition!" [New military insignia - a new/old tradition!]. Krigsvidenskab.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 28 August 2018.
- Hillmos, Finn. "Hærens gradstegn 1923" [Army insignia 1923] (PDF). chakoten.dk. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
- Hærchefsergent (July 2018). "Gradstegn og anden distinktionering". Uniformsbestemmelser for hæren (UBH) Jul 2018 [Uniform regulations for the army (UBH) Jul 2018] (in Danish).
- Hærkommandoen (November 1962). Lærebog for hærens menige [Textbook for Army privates] (in Danish). Copenhagen: N. Olaf Møller.
- Hærkommandoen (March 1965). Lærebog for hærens menige [Textbook for Army privates] (in Danish). Copenhagen: N. Olaf Møller.
- Hærkommandoen (1970). Lærebog for hærens menige [Textbook for Army privates] (in Danish). Copenhagen: S. L. Møllers Bogtrykkeri.
- Kannik, Preben (1964). "Uniformer og udrusting". In Askgaard, Finn; Hoff, Arne; Kannik, Preben (eds.). Tøjhusmuseets bog om 1864: Våben og uniformer [Tøjhusmuseet's book about 1864: Weapons and uniforms] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Nordlundes bogtrykkeri. pp. 159–215.
- Klint, Helge (1965). "Træk af Hærstabens historie" [Features of Army Staff History]. Hærkommandoens Årsskrift (in Danish). Nyt Nordisk Forlag: 5–11.
- Ministry of Defence (November 1954). Lærebog for hærens menige [Textbook for Army privates] (in Danish). Copenhagen: N. Olaf Møller.
- Nørholtz, Tine (2019). "HKKF: 60 år" [HKKF: 60 years] (PDF). Fagligt Forsvar (in Danish). 3. Hærens Konstabel- og Korporalforening: 19–22.
- Petersen, Karsten Skjold (2014). Kongens klæder - Hærens uniformer og udrustning i Danmark-Norge [The king's clothes - Army uniforms and equipment in Denmark-Norway] (in Danish) (1st ed.). Slovenia: Historika. ISBN 978-87-932-2900-6.
- Petersen, Karsten Skjold (2021). Kongens klæder 2 – Uniformer og udrustning i den danske hær 1816-1903 [The King's Clothes 2 - Uniforms and equipment in the Danish army 1816-1903] (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. ISBN 978-87-408-3338-6.
- Forslag til Lov om forsvarets personel [Proposal for an Act on Defense Personnel] (PDF) (132) (in Danish). Folketinget. 10 May 1962. Retrieved 27 March 2022.