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List of sovereign states by research and development spending

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This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms and as per latest data available. Gross domestic spending on R&D is defined as the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D carried out by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc., in a country. It includes R&D funded from abroad, but excludes domestic funds for R&D performed outside the domestic economy.[1]

List

Only those nations which annually spend more than 50 million dollars have been included. The world's total nominal R&D spending was approximately one trillion dollars in 2010.[2]

Country/Region Expenditures on R&D
(billions of US$, nominal) 		% of GDP (nominal) Expenditures on R&D per capita
(US$ nominal) 		Year Source
1   Vereinigte Staaten 660 2.6 1,965 2022 [3]
2   China 556 3.1 384 2022 [3]
3   Japan 194 3.4 1,540 2022 [3]
4   Deutschland 148 3.3 1,760 2022 [3]
5   Südkorea 105 5 2,050 2022 [3]
6   Frankreich 68.3 2 1,040 2022 [3]
7   Indien 65 0.7 40 2018 [4]
8   Vereinigtes Königreich 54.2 2.2 810 2022 [3]
9   Taiwan 46.1 3.8 1,956 2022 [3]
10   Brasilien 43.6 2.3 210 2022 [3]
11   Russland 37.6 2.2 260 2022 [5]
12   Italien 36.2 1.3 603 2022 [3]
13   Kanada 28.4 1.3 750 2022 [3]
14   Australien 26.9 1.6 1,030 2022 [6]
15   Türkei 26.1 3.1 310 2022 [3]
16   Spanien 24.7 1.5 530 2022 [3]
17   Niederlande 20.8 2.7 1,190 2022 [3]
18   Schweden 18.3 3.7 1,780 2022 [3]
19   Israel 17.6 5.9 1,890 2022 [3]
20   Polen 17.1 1.5 450 2022 [3]
21   Belgien 16.8 3.6 1,450 2022 [3]
22   Österreich 15.6 3.3 1,730 2022 [3]
23    Schweiz 13.9 3.3 1,770 2022 [7]
24   Thailand 13.4 1.3 200 2022 [5]
25   Singapur 11.7 2.9 2,300 2022 [8]
26   Malaysia 11.1 1.5 360 2022 [9]
27   Indonesien 10.6 0.9 39 2022 [5]
28   Mexiko 10.1 0.8 77 2022 [7]
29   Dänemark 9.1 3.3 1,700 2022 [5]
30   Finnland 8.2 3.3 1,500 2022 [5]
31   Tschechische Republik 7.1 2.3 680 2022 [7]
32   Ägypten 6.8 1.4 65 2022 [9]
33   Südafrika 6.6 0.9 120 2022 [10]
34   Norwegen 6.1 2.4 1,210 2022 [5]
35   Argentinien 5.8 0.6 130 2022 [7][10][11][12]
36   Vereinigte Arabische Emirate 4.9 1.7 534 2022 [5]
37   Irland 4.1 1.4 882 2022 [5]
38   Portugal 3.8 1.7 370 2022 [7]
39   Ungarn 3.6 1.7 363 2022 [7]
40   Ukraine 3.4 1.9 80 2022 [9]
41   Hongkong 3.1 1.1 420 2022 [9]
42   Griechenland 2.8 1.8 255 2022 [7][13][11]
43   Pakistan 2.6 0.7 12 2022 [9]
44   Rumänien 2.5 0.6 122 2022 [10]
45   Neuseeland 2.2 1.7 500 2022 [7]
46   Saudi-Arabien 2.1 0.6 70 2022 [14][15]
47   Chile 1.9 0.4 100 2022 [9][10][11]
48   Slowenien 1.8 2.2 900 2022 [7][10][11]
49   Marokko 1.7 0.8 54 2022 [7]
50   Slowakei 1.6 1 267 2022 [9]
51   Katar 1.5 0.6 800 2022 [7]
52   Kolumbien 1.4 0.3 27 2022 [9]
53   Weißrussland 1.2 0.6 129 2022 [9]
54   Kuwait 1.1 0.5 290 2022 [16]
55   Vietnam 0.9 0.4 10 2022 [9]
56   Bulgarien 0.9 1 125 2022 [17]
57   Ecuador 0.9 0.6 57 2022 [10][11]
58   Äthiopien 0.9 0.7 10 2022 [9]
59   Tunesien 0.8 0.9 78 2022 [9]
60   Litauen 0.8 1.4 260 2022 [17]
61   Luxemburg 0.8 1.3 1,400 2022 [5]
62   Kroatien 0.8 1.5 190 2022 [17]
63   Serbien 0.7 0.9 101 2022 [17]
64   Iran 0.7 0.9 10 2022 [18]
65   Kasachstan 0.7 0.2 44 2022 [9]
66   Philippinen 0.6 0.4 6 2022 [9]
67   Peru 0.5 0.3 16 2022 [13][10][11]
68   Estland 0.4 2.4 616 2022 [19]
69   Aserbaidschan 0.4 0.3 50 2022 [9]
70   Lettland 0.4 1 160 2022 [17]
71   Uganda 0.3 0.5 7 2022 [9]
72   Costa Rica 0.3 0.4 68 2022 [9]
73   Island 0.3 2.4 860 2022 [5]
74   Mongolei 0.3 0.2 82 2022 [9]
75   Uruguay 0.3 0.8 110 2022 [9][10][11]
76   Sudan 0.3 0.3 7 2022 [13]
77   Algerien 0.3 0.8 6 2022 [13]
78   Zypern 0.2 1.3 240 2022 [17]
79   North Macedonia 0.2 0.7 92 2022 [9]
80   Bosnien und Herzegowina 0.2 0.5 50 2022 [9]
81   Malta 0.1 0.6 281 2022 [17]
82   Bolivien 0.1 0.2 8 2022 [10][11]
83   Botswana 0.1 0.6 41 2022 [9]
84   Oman 0.1 0.5 28 2022 [9]
85   Macau 0.1 0.6 129 2022 [5]
86   Moldawien 0.1 0.2 18 2022 [9]
87   Bahrain 0.1 0.1 53 2022 [5]
88   Paraguay 0.1 0.1 10 2022 [10][11]
89   Georgien 0.1 0.3 17 2022 [9]
90   Montenegro 0.1 0.6 80 2022 [17]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Research and development (R&D) - Gross domestic spending on R&D - OECD Data". theOECD. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
  2. ^ "- Royal Society" (PDF). royalsociety.org.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "OECD data: Gross domestic spending on R&D".
  4. ^ "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - India". worldbank.org.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
  6. ^ "Research and Experimental Development, Businesses, Australia, 2019-20 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics". www.abs.gov.au. 2021-03-09. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Research and development (R&D) – Gross domestic spending on R&D – OECD Data". data.oecd.org. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  8. ^ "Terbongkar! Ini Alasan Anggaran R&D RI Hanya 0,28% Dari PDB". CNBC Indonesia.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)". World Bank. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "How Much Does Your Country Invest in R&D?". UNESCO.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Science, technology and innovation". UNESCO.
  12. ^ "Inversión en I+D". Argentina.gob.ar. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
  13. ^ a b c d "UNESCO science report, 2010: the current status of science around the world; 2010" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  14. ^ "2012 Global R&D Funding Forecast: R&D Spending Growth Continues While Globalization Accelerates". 16 December 2011.
  15. ^ "Data" (PDF). www.natureasia.com.
  16. ^ vietnamnet.vn. "How much does Vietnam spend on R&D? – News VietNamNet". english.vietnamnet.vn. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h "File:Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, 2003–13 (% of GDP) YB15.png – Statistics Explained". ec.europa.eu.
  18. ^ "مصاحبه تفصیلی فارس با قائم‌مقام معاون تحقیقات وزارت بهداشت/۱ رشد علمی کشور پارسال منفی شد/ تحقیقات پزشکی بدون بودجه درجا می‌زند". Farsnews.ir. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  19. ^ "TD052: Research and development expenditures and their financing from state and local budgets". Eesti Statistkaamet. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
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