Dwifungsi ("dual function") was a doctrine implemented by Suharto's military-dominated "New Order" government in Indonesian following the removal of President Sukarno. Dwifungsi was used to justify the military permanently increasing its influence in the Indonesian government, including reserved military-only seats in the parliament, and top positions in the nation's public service.
Through dwifungsi and the "New Order" political vehicle, Golkar, the army was able to enmesh itself into all levels of Indonesian society, in a manner that reached its peak in the 1990s, but remains strong. Military officers during Suharto's presidency held key positions in all levels of government in Indonesia, including city mayor, provincial government, ambassadorships, state-owned corporations, the judiciary, and Suharto's cabinet. The current president, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is a former army officer.
References
- Schwarz, A. (1994). A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia in the 1990s. Westview Press. ISBN 1-86373-635-2.
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