The 1948 Tucker Sedan or Tucker '48 Sedan (also nicknamed the Tucker Torpedo) was an advanced automobile conceived by Preston Tucker and briefly produced in Chicago in 1948. Only 51 cars were made before the company folded on March 3, 1949, due to negative publicity initiated by the Big Three.
Übersicht
After World War II, entrepreneurs like Henry J. Kaiser and Preston Tucker saw an opportunity to enter the automobile market. The United States government was auctioning off surplus factories and giving preference to startup companies rather than the large corporations that had benefited from war production.
Studebaker was first with an all-new post-war model. But Tucker took a different tack, designing a safety car with innovative features and modern styling. His specifications called for an air-cooled, flat-6 rear engine, disc brakes, fuel injection, the location of all instruments on the steering wheel, and a padded dashboard.
Famed stylist Alex Tremulis, previously of Auburn/Cord/Duesenberg, was hired on December 24, 1946 and given just six days to finalize the general design. On December 31, 1946, Tucker approved the design, dubbed the Tucker Torpedo. In early March 1947 Tucker also contracted the New York design firm of J.Gordon Lippincott to create an alternate body design.The Lippincott design team created a second full-size clay model within 8 weeks, from which Preston Tucker chose their styling of the car's front and rear ends, for the final production car.
Innovative design
The mechanical components were innovative. The perimeter frame surrounded the vehicle for crash protection. The steering box was behind the front axle to protect the driver in a front-end accident. But numerous Tucker innovations were dropped. Magnesium wheels, disc brakes, and a direct-drive torque converter transmission were all left on the drawing board.
The car's innovative engine, however, continued on the production path for a while longer. It was a flat-6 cylinder with hemispherical combustion chambers, fuel injection, and overhead valves operated by oil pressure rather than a camshaft. These features would have been auto industry firsts in 1948, but as engine development proceeded, problems appeared. The large 589 in³ (9.7 L) engine functioned, but the 150 hp (112 kW) motor's valvetrain proved problematic. The engine and Cord transmission were mounted on a separate sub frame which could be lowered and removed in minutes with just six bolts removed—Tucker envisioned loaner engines being quickly swapped in for service.
The final car was only 70 in (1524 mm) tall, but was rather large and comfy inside. It featured a directional third headlight, dubbed the "Cyclops Eye", for use in turns. It lit up whenever the car was steered by more than 10 degrees. Tremulis' design was called the most aerodynamic in the world, and though it still sported pre-war type fenders, it was startlingly modern. The mathematically-computed drag coefficient was only 0.27, although for the public this figure was rounded up to 0.30.
Troubled premiere
The world premiere of the much-hyped car was set for June 19, 1947. Over 3,000 people showed up for launch, a train tour of the plant, and the unveiling in the main auditorium. The unveiling looked doomed, however, as last-minute problems with the car cropped up. The suspension snapped and the car would not move. Tucker ad-libbed on stage for two hours while emergency repairs were carried out. It was finally pushed onto a turntable by hand, and the curtain was lifted to thunderous applause. Tucker was joined on stage by his family, with his daughter smashing a champagne bottle on the "Cyclops Eye" and soaking her father. Also on stage were Tucker's engineers, still covered in grease from the last-minute repairs.
Tucker had promised 150 hp (112 kW), and his innovative 589 was not working out, so another engine was sourced. The company first tried the Lycoming aircraft engine but it would not fit in the car's rear engine compartment. A Franklin air-cooled helicopter flat-6(Franklin O-335) did fit, however, so Tucker purchased four samples for $5,000 each. The company's engineers converted the 5.5 L (334 cid) engine to a water-cooled design, and its 166 hp (124 kW) pleased Tucker. This durable engine was tested at max power for 150 hours, the equivalent of 18,000 miles at full throttle.[2] Tucker quickly bought the Franklin company to secure the engine source.
Another failed element of the prototypes was the Cord transmission, designed for front-engine/front wheel drive use. It could not handle the power of the Franklin engine, so a new design was needed. The creator of the Buick Dynaflow transmission was called in, designing a special "Tuckermatic" transmission with only 27 parts, about 90 fewer than normal. This transmission caused more trouble, however, as the prototype lacked a reverse gear. A skeptical press reported that the car could not go backward, hurting its reputation.
Although it was well-funded, the company decided to raise more money in order to secure its future and credibility. $17,000,000 was raised in a stock issue, one of the first speculative IPOs. Another money maker was the Tucker Accessories Program. Future buyers could purchase accessories, like seat covers, the radio, and luggage, before their car was built. This brought an additional $2,000,000 into the company.
With the final design in place, Preston Tucker took the pre-production cars on the road to show them in towns across the country. The cars were an instant success, with crowds gathering wherever they stopped. One report says that Tucker was pulled over by a police officer intent on getting a better look at the car.
Failure
One of Tucker's most innovative business ideas caused trouble for the company, however. His Accessories Program raised funds by selling accessories before the car was even in production. This concept was investigated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the United States Attorney, and led to an indictment of company executives. Although all charges were eventually dropped, the negative publicity destroyed the company and halted production of the car.
To counteract the bad press, Tucker again took the cars on the road. He scheduled a two-week public test at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway with a few of the 37 cars that had been built. One car was rolled at 100 mph (160 km/h), and the driver walked away with just bruises.
During the trouble Tucker faced while trying to promote his car and get it into production, it was found that the "Big Three" automakers were deliberately attempting to sabotage his efforts, through the influence of Detroit Senator Homer Ferguson, who is commonly held responsible for initiating the SEC's pursuing of Tucker's business.
Tucker '48 Today
The first Tucker ever produced was a prototype sedan, known as the "Tin Goose". Fifty-eight frames and bodies were built at the factory. From these parts, 36 sedans were finished before the factory was closed. Since the factory closed, an additional 14 sedans have been completed for a total of 51. The majority of these vehicles are in excellent condition. When the cars appear at auction, which is rare, they command prices attained by only a few marquee cars. Tucker #1038 sold in August 2008 at RM's Monterey auction for the record-setting price of $1,017,500. Tucker # 1041 sold at the Clars Auction on June 7th, 2009 for $750,000. With the auction house buyers premium added, the total price for the sale of the car was $853,100. The car was on the auction block for a total of 7 1/2 minutes. The previous owner paid $5,000 for the car in 1970.
Replica vehicles
In 1997, Rob Ida Automotive started work on a replica of the Tucker '48 Sedan, which culminated in the release and marketing of the 2001 Ida Automotive New Tucker '48. This replica faithfully recreates the Tucker's external bodywork, but is built on a hotrod chassis with resin infused plastic body panels. The paint and wheels reflect modern hotrod styling, and the interior is fully modern. It is powered by a rear-mounted Cadillac Northstar V8. Claimed performance is 0–60 in 7 seconds, with a top speed in excess of 120 mph. Ida has built three cars.[3] The "new Tucker '48" was reviewed by Car and Driver magazine in July 2001. [4]
see also
See also
Notes
- ^ U.S. Design Patent no. 154,192, P.T. Tucker, Design for an Automobile, June 14, 1949
- ^ Auto editors of Consumer Guide (2002). Cars of the Fascinating '40s: A Decade of Challenges and Changes. Lincolnwood, Illinois, United States: Publications International, Ltd. pp. 264–265. ISBN 0-7853-6274-6.
{{cite book}}:|last=has generic name (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "Better Than The Real Thing - Tucker 48"; Car Audio and Electronics
- ^ Ida Automotive New Tucker 48 - Specialty File [1]
References
- Egan, Philip S. (1989). Design and Destiny: The Making of the Tucker Automobile. On the Mark publications. ISBN 0-924321-00-8 (paperback).
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help) - Pearson, Charles T. (1974). The Indomitable Tin Goose: The True Story of Preston Tucker and His Car. Motorbooks International Publishers & Wholesalers, Minneapolis. ISBN 0-87938-020-9 (hardcover).
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External links
- TuckerClub.org - Official Tucker Automobile Club of America Website - Information about the cars, including the locations of all extant examples
- www.htmgv.org - Henry Ford Museum Tucker Exhibit
- - www.si.edu - About the Tucker - with pictures
- RobIdaConcepts.com - The Ida Automotive New Tucker '48 and Lower '48
- Automotive History Online - Tucker Automobile History & Photos
- Tucker 48 - Jalopnik Fantasy Garage
- Tucker Torpedo Automobile 1948 - 3D model of the Tucker