Wikipedia

1080p

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 188.123.237.4 (talk) at 21:06, 24 October 2010 (cleanup-section is sufficient). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

1080p is the shorthand identification for a set of HDTV video modes that are characterised by 1,080 lines of vertical resolution (1,080 horizontal scan lines)[1] and progressive scan (meaning the image is not interlaced, unlike the 1080i display standard).

The term usually assumes a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9, implying a horizontal resolution of 1920 pixels. This resolution is similar to that of 2K digital cinema technology. The frame rate can be either implied by the context or specified after the letter 'p', such as 1080p30, meaning 30 progressive frames per second.

1080p, sometimes referred to in marketing materials as "Full HD", typically refers to the capability to accept 1080p signal and display it with native resolution of at least 1080 lines, as well as the capability to upscale lower-resolution material to 1080p.

HD ready 1080p logo program requires that certified TV sets support 1080p24, 1080p50, and 1080p60 formats, and feature a native resolution of 1920×1080, among other requirements.

Production and broadcasting standards

The movie industry has embraced 1080p24 as a digital mastering format in both native 24p form and in 24PsF form. 1080p24 has become an established production standard for digital cinematography and there is plenty of equipment capable of capturing and processing 1080p24 signals. This may be the first universal video standard which transcends continental boundaries, an area previously reserved for 24-frame film.[2]

For live broadcast applications, a high-definition progressive scan format operating at 1080p at 50 or 60 frames per second is currently being evaluated as a future standard for moving picture acquisition.[3][4] This format will require a whole new range of studio equipment including cameras, storage, edit, and contribution links (such as Dual-link HD-SDI and 3G-SDI) as it has doubled the data rate of current 50 or 60 fields interlaced 1920 × 1080 from 1.485 Gbit/s to nominally 3 Gbit/s using uncompressed RGB encoding. EBU has been endorsing 1080p50 as a future-proof production format because it improves resolution and requires no deinterlacing, allows broadcasting of standard 1080i25 and 720p50 signal alongside 1080p50 even in the current infrastructure, and is compatible with DCI distribution formats.[5]

Most current revisions of SMPTE 374M and EBU Tech 3299 require YCbCr color space and 4:2:2 chroma subsampling when transmitting 1080p50 or 1080p60 signal over 3G-SDI.

 
1080p HDTV

ATSC

In the United States, the original ATSC standards for HDTV supported 1080p video, but only at the frame rates of 23.976, 24, 25, 29.97 and 30 frames per second (colloquially known as 1080p24, 1080p25 and 1080p30).

In July 2008, the ATSC standards were amended to incorporate H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression and 1080p at 50, 59.94 and 60 frames per second (1080p50 and 1080p60). Such frame rates require H.264/AVC High Profile Level 4.2, while standard HDTV frame rates only require Level 4.

This update is not expected to result in widespread availability of 1080p60 programming, since most of the existing digital receivers in use would only be capable of decoding the older, less-efficient MPEG-2 codec, and operator bandwidth limitations do not allow for broadcasting two simultaneous streams on the same broadcast channel (e.g. both a 1080i MPEG-2 stream alongside a 1080p MPEG-4 stream).

DVB

In Europe, 1080p25 signals have been supported by the DVB suite of broadcasting standards. 1080p50 has been foreseen as a future-proof production format, and eventually a future broadcasting format.[3] 1080p50 broadcasting should require the same bandwidth as 1080i50 signal and only 15-20% more than that of 720p50 signal due to increased compression efficiency,[5] though 1080p50 production requires more bandwidth and/or a more efficient codecs such as JPEG 2000, high-bitrate MPEG-2, or H.264/AVC and HEVC.[6]

Since September 2009, ETSI and EBU, the maintainers of the DVB suite, added support for 1080p50 signal coded with MPEG-4 AVC High Profile Level 4.2 with Scalable Video Coding extensions or VC-1 Advanced Profile compression; DVB also supports 1080p encoded at ATSC frame rates of 23.976, 24, 29.97, 30, 59.94 and 60.[7][8]

EBU requires that legacy MPEG-4 AVC decoders should at least not crash in presence of SVC and/or 1080p50 (and higher resolution) packets.[7] SVC enables forward compatibility with 1080p50 and 1080p60 broadcasting for older MPEG-4 AVC receivers, so they will only recognize baseline SVC stream coded at a lower resolution or frame rate (such as 720p60 or 1080i60) and will gracefully ignore additional packets, while newer hardware will be able to decode full-resolution signal (such as 1080p60).

Availability

 
This chart shows the most common display resolutions, 1080p shown in blue.

Broadcasts

In the United States, 1080p over-the-air broadcasts still do not exist as of 2010; all major networks use either 720p60 or 1080i60 encoded with MPEG-2. However, satellite service has many channels that utilize the 1080p/24-30 format (e.g. Direc TV, XstreamHD, and Dish Network).

For material that originated from a progressive scanned 24 frame/s source (such as film), MPEG-2 allows the video to be coded as 1080p24, irrespective of the final output format; these progressively-coded frames are tagged with metadata (literally, fields of the PICTURE header) instructing a decoder how to perform a 3:2 pulldown to interlace them. While the formal output of the MPEG-2 decoding process from such stations is 1080i60, the actual content is coded as 1080p24 and can be viewed as such, using a process known as inverse telecine, since no information is lost even when the broadcaster (as opposed to the receiver) performs the 3:2 pulldown.[9]

Blu-ray Disc

All Blu-ray Discs are able to hold 1080p HD content (such as movies). Most movies released on Blu-ray Disc can produce a full 1080p High Definition picture when the player is connected to a 1080p HDTV with an HDMI cable. However, the Blu-ray Disc video specification only allows encoding of up to 1080p24 signal.[10]

Internet content

There has been some content released in the 1080p format on the Internet. Some examples include Apple QuickTime Trailers in QuickTime HD 1080p format, the Microsoft WMV HD Content Showcase, and YouTube. Another example of 1080p content is the MacBreak 1080p podcast created by Leo Laporte and Alex Lindsay. This podcast is distributed via the BitTorrent method of distribution because of the large file sizes resulting from the high bit-rates. BitTorrent is also used to distribute many 1080p movies that have been copied from Blu-ray Disc or broadcast sources[citation needed]. Microsoft Silverlight can offer 1080p smooth streaming via IIS media services.[11]

Consumer televisions and projectors

As of 2009, the higher end of consumer televisions is dominated by sets providing 1080p inputs, mainly HDMI and supporting full high-def resolutions. 1080p resolution is available in all formats, including plasma, DLP front and rear projection and LCD front projection. The manufacturers of 1080p TFT LCD screens include Sharp, Samsung, Sony, LG and a few others in Asia.

For displaying film-based 1080i60 signals, a scheme called 3:2 pulldown reversal (reverse telecine) is beginning to appear in some newer 1080p displays, which can produce a true 1080p quality image from film-based 1080i60 programs.

The AV equipment manufacturing industry has adopted the term Full HD as the consumer-friendly marketing term to mean the set is a safe purchase because it can display all available HD resolutions up to 1080p. The term is misleading, however, because it does not guarantee the set is capable of rendering digital video at all frame rates encoded in source files with 1080 pixel vertical resolution. Most notably, a "Full HD" set is not guaranteed to support the 1080p24 format, leading to consumer confusion.

DIGITALEUROPE (formerly EICTA) maintains the HD ready 1080p logo program that requires the certified TV sets to support 1080p24, 1080p50, and 1080p60, without overscan/underscan and picture distortion.

Computer monitors

Some modern widescreen liquid crystal display (LCD) and most QXGA and widescreen cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors can natively display 1080p content. Widescreen WUXGA monitors for example support 1920×1200 resolution, which can display a pixel for pixel reproduction of the 1080p (1920×1080) format. The resolution is rare, but increasing in popularity amongst laptops in 2009; some laptops have a "13", 15", 17" or even a 18.4" display that run a resolution of 1920×1200 or 1920x1080. Additionally, many 23, 24 and 27-inch (690 mm) widescreen LCD monitors use 1920×1200 as their native resolution, 30 inch displays can display beyond 1080p at up to 2560x1600 or 1600p. Many 27" monitors have native resolutions of 2560×1440 and hence operate at 1440p. Other 1080p-compatible LCDs have lower than 1920×1080 native resolution and cannot display 1080p pixel for pixel, relying on the display's internal scaler to produce an image resized to suit the display's actual resolution.

In 2006, Sanyo-Epson announced a 7.1" LCD with 1920×1080 resolution and over 300 PPI.[12] The display has yet to be incorporated into any devices.

Video game consoles

Current generation video game consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 3 and Microsoft's Xbox 360 are able to display games and video content in 1080p. Both consoles do this through HDMI cable connections. Additionally, the Xbox 360 VGA connection, the PlayStation 3 HDMI 1.3a connection and on specific models of the Xbox 360 (manufactured after June 2007) HDMI 1.2a connection also provide 1080p output. On the PS3, developers must provide specific resolution support at the software level, whereas on the Xbox 360, games that are not rendered natively at 1080p are upscaled using a built in scaler (meaning that all X360 games can be displayed in 1080p via upscaling). On both systems, 1080p games are automatically downscaled to 480i/576i to work on SDTVs, or downscaled to 480p/576p to remain compatible with EDTV. Both the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 provide 1080p video services. Sony provides both the PlayStation Store VOD service and Blu-ray Disc playback.[13][14] Microsoft provides the Zune Video Marketplace for "instant on" 1080p video content.

Camcorders and cameras

Many consumer camcorders and professional video and DSLR photo cameras can capture 1080p24, 1080p25, or 1080p30 signal, often encoding such video in 1080psf format.

As of 2010, there are a few consumer camcorders that can capture 1080p50 and 1080p60 picture, including Panasonic HDC-TM700, HDC-HS700, HDC-SD700, and HDC-SD600,[15] as well as Sanyo Xacti VPC-HD2000.[16] Profesional digital cinema cameras capable of capturing 1080p60 include Sony CineAlta F23 camera and Sony SRW9000 camcorder (with optional 60p processing boards installed),[17] as well as RED One camera (in 2K and 3K capturing modes).

See also

References

  1. ^ Brian L. Clark (March 13, 2006). "What's this 1080p Stuff?". Gizmodo.com. Retrieved 2007-07-16.
  2. ^ "Steve Wiedemann, 24/P HDTV: The Fall of Film Production".
  3. ^ a b "EBU R115-2005: FUTURE HIGH DEFINITION TELEVISION SYSTEMS". EBU. May 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-27. Retrieved 2009-05-24. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ "EBU – TECH 3299: High Definition(HD) Image Formats for Television Production" (PDF). EBU. 2004. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ^ a b "10 things you need to know about... 1080p/50" (PDF). EBU. September 2009. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
  6. ^ "Technical Report 008: HDTV Contribution Codecs" (PDF). EBU. March 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
  7. ^ a b EBU (2009). "EBU – TECH 3333: HDTV Receiver Requirements". EBU. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-04-29. Retrieved 2009-04-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ^ "ETSI TS 101 154 V1.9.1". Archived from the original on 2009-05-20. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
  9. ^ Force Film, IVTC, and Deinterlacing - what is DVD2AVI trying to tell you and what can you do about it
  10. ^ Blu-ray Disc Association (2005-05). "White paper, Blu-ray Disc Format, 2.B Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-ROM". Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-10-01. Retrieved 2009-09-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ "Experience Smooth Streaming 1080p : The Official Microsoft IIS Site". Archived from the original on 2009-08-15. Retrieved 2009-08-13. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Sanyo-Epson announce 7.1-inch 1080p LCD: by far the world's smallest
  13. ^ PlayStation.com - Movies & TV
  14. ^ PlayStation.com - Blu-ray Disc Movies
  15. ^ http://panasonic.net/avc/camcorder/hd/hs700_tm700_sd700/
  16. ^ http://sanyo.com/xacti/english/products/vpc_hd2000/index.html
  17. ^ http://pro.sony.com/bbsc/ssr/cat-broadcastcameras/cat-cinealta/
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1080p&oldid=392662650"