An aracari oder araçari (US: /ˌɑːrəˈsɑːri/ AHR-ə-SAHR-ee,[1] UK: /ˌ[invalid input: 'ar']əˈsɑːri/ ARR-ə-SAHR-ee oder /ˌ[invalid input: 'ar']əˈkɑːri/ ARR-ə-KAHR-ee)[2] is any of the medium-sized toucans that, together with the saffron toucanet, make up the genus Pteroglossus.
| Aracaris | |
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| Pale-mandibled aracari Pteroglossus erythropygius | |
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| Genus: | Pteroglossus Illiger, 1811
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| Species | |
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14 (incl. the saffron toucanet), see text. | |
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They are brightly plumaged and have enormous, contrastingly patterned bills. These birds are residents in forests and woodlands in the Neotropics.
Taxonomy and systematics
One species, the distinctive saffron toucanet, was formerly placed in the monotypic genus Baillonius, but Kimura et al. (2004) showed that it belongs in the genus Pteroglossus.[3]
Extant species
The genus Pteroglossus has fourteen species considered to belong to the genus:
- Green aracari (Pteroglossus viridis)
- Lettered aracari (Pteroglossus inscriptus)
- Red-necked aracari (Pteroglossus bitorquatus)
- Ivory-billed aracari (Pteroglossus azara)
- Brown-mandibled aracari (Pteroglossus mariae)
- Black-necked aracari (Pteroglossus aracari)
- Chestnut-eared aracari (Pteroglossus castanotis)
- Many-banded aracari (Pteroglossus pluricinctus)
- Collared aracari (Pteroglossus torquatus)
- Stripe-billed aracari (Pteroglossus sanguineus)
- Pale-mandibled aracari (Pteroglossus erythropygius)
- Fiery-billed aracari (Pteroglossus frantzii)
- Curl-crested aracari (Pteroglossus beauharnaesii)
- Saffron toucanet (Pteroglossus bailloni)
Former species
Some authorities, either presently or formerly, recognize additional species or subspecies as species belonging to the genus Pteroglossus including:
- Wagler's toucanet (as Pteroglossus wagleri)[4]
- Emerald toucanet (as Pteroglossus prasinus)[5]
- White-throated toucanet (as Pteroglossus albivitta)[6]
- Black-throated toucanet (as Pteroglossus atrogularis)[7]
- Groove-billed toucanet (as Pteroglossus sulcatus)[8]
- Crimson-rumped toucanet (as Pteroglossus haematopygus)[9]
- Humboldt's araçari (as Pteroglossus Humboldti)[10]
- Red-necked aracari (as Pteroglossus bitorquatus)[11]
- Western red-necked araçari (as Pteroglossus sturmii)[12]
- Red-necked aracari (reichenowi) (as Pteroglossus reichenowi)[13]
- Yellow-billed aracari (as Pteroglossus flavirostris)[14]
- Black-necked aracari (wiedii) (as Pteroglossus wiedii)[15]
- Beautiful araçari (as Pteroglossus formosus)[16]
- Collared aracari (as Pteroglossus nuchalis)[17]
- Guianan toucanet (as Pteroglossus Culik)[18]
- Golden-collared toucanet (as Pteroglossus Reinwardtii)[19]
- Langsdorff's toucanet (as Pteroglossus Langsdorffii)[20]
- Tawny-tufted toucanet (as Pteroglossus Nattereri)[21]
- Gould's toucanet (as Pteroglossus Gouldii)[22]
- Spot-billed toucanet (as Pteroglossus maculirostris)[23]
- Grey-breasted mountain toucan (as Pteroglossus hypoglaucus)[24]
- Hooded mountain toucan (as Pteroglossus cucullatus)[25]
- Black-billed mountain toucan (as Pteroglossus nigrirostris)[26]
Behaviour and ecology
Some species of aracaris are unusual for toucans in that they roost socially throughout the year, up to six adults and fledged young sleeping in the same hole with tails folded over their backs.
Breeding
They are arboreal and nest in tree holes laying 2–4 white eggs.
Food and feeding
All the species are basically fruit-eating, but will take insects and other small prey.
Threats
The ischnoceran louse Austrophilopterus flavirostris is suspected to parasitize most if not all species of aracaris, with the possible exception of the green aracari (Price & Weckstein 2005).
References
- ^ "Aracari". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc.). Retrieved 2012-04-20.
- ^ "Definition for aracari". Oxford Dictionaries Online. Retrieved 2012-04-20.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "South American Classification Committee". Merge Baillonius into Pteroglossus. Archived from the original on 2008-05-16. Retrieved 2007-09-16.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Aulacorhynchus wagleri - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-24.
- ^ "Aulacorhynchus prasinus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-24.
- ^ "Aulacorhynchus albivitta - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-24.
- ^ "Aulacorhynchus atrogularis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-25.
- ^ "Aulacorhynchus sulcatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-25.
- ^ "Aulacorhynchus haematopygus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-25.
- ^ "Pteroglossus inscriptus humboldti - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-26.
- ^ "Pteroglossus bitorquatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-26.
- ^ "Pteroglossus bitorquatus sturmii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-26.
- ^ "Pteroglossus bitorquatus reichenowi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-26.
- ^ "Pteroglossus azara flavirostris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-26.
- ^ "Pteroglossus aracari wiedii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-26.
- ^ "Pteroglossus formosus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-26.
- ^ "Pteroglossus torquatus nuchalis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-27.
- ^ "Selenidera piperivora - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-28.
- ^ "Selenidera reinwardtii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-28.
- ^ "Selenidera reinwardtii langsdorffii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-28.
- ^ "Selenidera nattereri - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-28.
- ^ "Selenidera gouldii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-28.
- ^ "Selenidera maculirostris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-28.
- ^ "Andigena hypoglauca - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-28.
- ^ "Andigena cucullata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-29.
- ^ "Andigena nigrirostris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-29.
- BirdLife International 2004. Pteroglossus bailloni[permanent dead link]. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 27 July 2007.
- Price, Roger D. & Weckstein, Jason D. (2005): The genus Austrophilopterus Ewing (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from toucans, toucanets, and araçaris (Piciformes: Ramphastidae). Zootaxa 918: 1-18. PDF fulltext
External links
- Extensive Gallery on Toucans
- List of Toucans
- Toucan videos on the Internet Bird Collection