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Queensland Alumina Limited is one of the largest alumina refineries by alumina production capacity in the world [1][2], located in Gladstone, Queensland, Australia.
The refinery was planned in 1964 [3] and has been operating since 1967 [4], the refinery has a capacity to produce 3.95 million tonnes of alumina a year. In 1981 the output was at a quarterly basis over 600,000 tonnes per quarter. [5]
At times of lower demand, operations have been altered.[6] [7] Subsequent rises in demand have seen expansion in output and employment .[8]
QAL has been operated by a range of consortium partners of international aluminium producers over time.
Comalco brought in to the consortium in 1969. [9]
In 1982 it was Comalco (30.3%), Kaiser (28.3%), Alcan Canada (21.4%), and Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann (20%) [10]
It is currently owned by Rusal (20%), and Rio Tinto Alcan (80%). Rusal purchased a 20% stake in QAL in April 2005.
In 2017 the QAL celebrated 50 years of operation.[11][12]
See also
References
- ^ "Q. Alumina refinery to be world's biggest". The Canberra Times. Vol. 43, , no. 12, 265. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 21 March 1969. p. 15. Retrieved 13 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "Queensland Alumina's ' output up to 2.4m tonnes". The Canberra Times. Vol. 55, , no. 16, 539. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 7 January 1981. p. 19. Retrieved 13 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "£52 MILLION ALUMINA PLANT PLAN". The Canberra Times. Vol. 38, , no. 10, 885. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 27 June 1964. p. 3. Retrieved 13 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ Queensland Alumina Ltd (1967), Queensland Alumina : official opening procedure, August 1967, Thursday August 3 - Friday August 4, Gladstone, Qld. Queensland Alumina, retrieved 13 October 2017
- ^ "Alumina record". The Canberra Times. Vol. 55, , no. 16, 721. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 8 July 1981. p. 27. Retrieved 13 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "Alumina troubles not long term". The Canberra Times. Vol. 46, , no. 13, 019. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 15 January 1972. p. 19. Retrieved 13 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "Alumina shut-down". The Canberra Times. Vol. 56, , no. 17, 031. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 15 May 1982. p. 20. Retrieved 13 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "Alumina plant to lift output". The Canberra Times. Vol. 57, , no. 17, 421. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 10 June 1983. p. 13. Retrieved 13 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "Comalco gains interest in Q'ld Alumina". The Canberra Times. Vol. 44, , no. 12, 457. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 1 November 1969. p. 22. Retrieved 13 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "Alumina shut-down". The Canberra Times. Vol. 56, , no. 17, 031. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 15 May 1982. p. 20. Retrieved 13 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ Christine Mckee, (13 September 2017), QAL celebrates 50 years in Gladstone, The Observer (Gladstone). Retrieved 13 October 2017
- ^ Queensland Alumina Limited (1975), Queensland Alumina : the giant that never sleeps, the Company, retrieved 13 October 2017