Frederick Douglas Losey ( November 6, 1866 – June 5, 1932) was an American Shakespearian scholar and elocutionist.[1][2] He was the head of rhetoric and public speaking at Syracuse University and also taught at the University of Alabama.[1] He was considered "America's greatest interpreter of Shakespeare."[3] During the 1920s, he was also "as well known as the celebrities of the professional stage."[4]
Frederick D. Losey | |
---|---|
Born | Frederick Douglas Losey November 6, 1886 |
Died | June 5, 1932 New York City, New York, US | (aged 45)
Other names | Fred D. Losey |
Bildung | University of Rochester, B.A., 1891 Harvard University, M.A., 1899 |
Occupation(s) | Elocutionist Academic |
Employer(s) | Syracuse University University of Alabama University of Nebraska Columbia University |
Known for | Shakespearian scholar and elocutionist |
Honours | Honorary Ph.D., Syracuse University |
Early life and education
editLosey was born in Conesus, New York, the son of Elizabeth Frances (née Knapp) and Jesse Bradford Losey, a doctor who was a calvary surgeon during the Civil War.[1]
He attended the University of Rochester, graduating with honors in 1891.[1][5] There, he was a member of the Fraternity of Delta Psi (St. Anthony Hall) and Phi Beta Kappa.[1][6] He was also president of this class.[7] He then took classes at the National School of Oratory in Philadelphia.[8][9] He then attended Harvard University, receiving a Master of Arts degree in English, graduating in 1899.[1][10] This was followed by another year of advanced study at Harvard.[10]
In 1926, he received an honorary Ph.D. from Syracuse University.[1]
Career
editElocutionist
editIn 1888, Losey began his career as an elocutionist, impersonator, and character actor who interpreted the classics for general audiences.[11][12][5][13] During this period, his performances included poetry and short stories such as "Spellin' Down the Master" by Edward Eggleston, "A Man's a Man for A' That" by Robert Burns paired with "A Man's A Man For A' That" by Charles Mackay, and "The Defense of the Bride" by Anna Katherine Greene.[14][11][15][16] He also performed the chariot race from the novel Ben-Hur and Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens, which was divided into acts.[17][13]
Chautauqua circuit
editIn 1891, he was a speaker at the Chautauqua in Silver Lake, New York.[18] In November 1892, Losey and his wife taught a course at the Camden, New York Chautauqua. The local newspaper said, "Mr. and Mrs. Losey are both artists and their entertainment was in our opinion the best ever given in Camden."[19] He also was presenter for the Louisiana Chautauqua Society in July 1893 and the San Marcus Chautauqua in July 1894 in Texas.[20][21] The latter reported, "Frederick D. Losey of New York carried his audiences by storm today...and is pronounced the greatest impersonator that has ever appeared on the Chautauqua platform in the state."[21]
On February 17, 1896, he gave his Oliver Twist presentation to some 2,000 people at The New York Chautauqua in Chautauqua, New York, impersonating twelve characters.[22] The newspaper said, "Mr. Losey is an artist. His versatility is something wonderful. The interest which he sustained in this intensely dramatic play, alone and without costume or scenery, testified to his power."[22] In 1916, he presented a series of readings at The New York Chautauqua in Chautauqua, New York.[23]
Teacher
editIn October 1892, Losey and his wife started giving classes and private lessons in elocution and physical culture two days a week in the studio in the Cox Building in Rochester.[24] By February 1895, he had moved his studio to the Granite Building.[9] Circa 1894, he was also a lecturer at the National School of Oratory in Philadelphia.[9]
Academic
editSyracuse University
editAfter completing his M.A., Losey taught at Syracuse University for six years, from 1900 to 1906.[1][10] The first year, he was an instructor of English.[25] He was promoted to associate professor of English, a position he had for three years.[25] For the final two years, he was a full professor and head of the department of rhetoric and public speaking, teaching classes in critical reading of Shakespeare, dramatic reading, English composition, publish speaking, and argumentation and debate.[25][26]
While at Syracuse, he managed the University Debating Union and founded the Boar's Head Dramatic Society.[27][28] In April 1904, he directed the dramatic society's first production, King Lear, and also performed the title role.[1][27][29] For the production, Losey called upon modern Shakespearian scholarship and restored a few pages of the play that Edwin Booth admitted.[30] The play was performed in Auburn, at The Lyceum in Rochester and the Wieting Opera House in Syracuse.[30][31][32] However, in May 1904, the New York Dramatic Mirror noted that Syracuse was a Methodist institution, and the Methodist Church's Book of Discipline prohibits attending the theater.[33] In November 1904, Losey put out a casting call for a production of Julius Caesar.[34] He also directed The Taming of the Shrew and around nine other plays.[35]
In June 1906, it was reported that Losey had resigned from Syracuse University "due to the decision of the faculty to graduate a man whom he declared deficient in studies."[36] A few days later, Losey released the letter he sent to Chancellor Day, accusing the chancellor of "reinstating students that had been dismissed for deficiency," giving degrees against faculty recommendations, allowing abuses in athletics, and taking away power from the faculty.[37] Under such circumstances, Losey was "obliged to resign."[37] Day replied that he felt sure he would have the backing of the university's trustees. Furthermore, Day said, "Professor Lowry had chronic irritability; that the standard of scholarship was quite good before the professor joined the faculty..."[38]
University of Nebraska
editIn December 1906, Losey was appointed adjunct professor of rhetoric by the University of Nebraska, filling the remainder of the spring 1907 semester.[25][39] There, he was in charge of courses in elocution and public speaking, and also taught English composition.[25][40][39] He also coached the senior play committee in their play for commencement.[40][39]
University of Alabama
editIn the fall of 1906, Losey joined the faculty of the University of Alabama for nine years, from 1907 through 1916.[41] Initially, he was the chair of a new department of public speaking.[42] In 1908, he became an assistant professor of English, teaching English and elocution.[35][43]
In 1907, he founded the student dramatic organization Blackfriars and served as its director.[1][44] Their first show was The Taming of the Shrew which had an expensive and elaborate production in 1907.[43] To raise the funds needed for the play, Losey gave a series of six Shakespearian recitals at the Elk's Auditorium, including Julius Caesar, Macbeth, and Othello.[43][45] In 1908, the Blackfriars staged Macbeth, with Losey serving as director and performing the title role; Mrs. Losey played Lady Macbeth.[46] In 1910, Blackfriars performed Twelfth Night under the direction of Losey who also took the role Sir Toby Belch.[47] He directed the group in George Bernard Shaw's Candida in 1912.[48] Blackfriars presented their shows in Tuscaloosa and in cities such as Birmingham, Huntsville, Meridian, Mobile, Montgomery, and Selma, becoming "a powerful force for amateur dramatics in the state."[41][35][46][47] After Losey's tenure, Blackfriars continued under the leadership of Hudson Strode who found his love for theater while studying drama under Losey.[41]
In December 1915, Dr. George H. Denny, president of the University of Alabama, declined to recommend Losey to the board of trustees for re-election to his position.[49] Denny cited "temperamental unfitness" and also mentioned friction between Losey and Charles H. Barnwell, head of the English department.[50] In response, Losey brought charges against Denny to the university's board in January 1916, maintaining he was being terminated because of personal animosity resulting from his questioning Denny about report cards, not because of his performance.[51][50] Losey also sent their correspondences to the newspaper for publication, including his original claim that Denny was changing or obliterating grades on report cards to deceive parents.[50][51][26] In one of the letters, Denny writes, "You have searched my record for sixteen years in the attempt to discover evidence against me; ...you seek to not only to punish me for my temerity in addressing a protest to you, but also to destroy every chance for my future in university work in that you seek my dismissal rather than my resignation."[51] During the hearing with the board, Dr. Barnwell admitted that Losey was right about Denny's treatment of report cards. Nevertheless, Losey's request for more time to gather evidence and witnesses was denied.[52] Ultimately, the board sustained Denny and asked Losey to resign.[52][53]
Columbia University
editLosey taught summer school at Columbia University in 1915.[54] He taught two class—interpretation of literature and methods of debate.[54] He returned to Columbia for the summer session in 1916.[23]
Shakespearian recitals
editDespite being a professor with a "vivid personality," Losey left academia in 1916 and devoted his time to Shakespearian lectures and recitals.[1][41] One newspaper reported, "Professor Losey's love for the great literature, particularly for Shakespeare: his profound belief in democracy, and his conviction that the best that had been said or thought in the word is the rightful heritage of the common man, led him to abandon the university classroom after sixteen years of teaching and enter a wider educational field as lecturer and author."[55]
He traveled to every state in the union, performing dramatic readings and lectures for hundreds of audiences consisting of students, high school teachers, literary clubs, college professors, and the general public.[1][55][56][57] He spoke at churches, colleges, opera houses, schools, and YMCAs.[4][5] During World War I, he lectured at the Army Educational Corps in France.[5] He also lectured at the Brooklyn Institute from 1918 to 1919.[1] In 1922, he participated in teacher institutes for Pennsylvania's Department of Public Instruction, helping to "make a noticeable improvement in the teaching staff....[58]
Losey's readings of Shakespeare included "a keen appreciation of dramatic effect...[with] sharply-chiseled portrayals."[4] One of his lectures was "Macbeth: Inevitability of Consequences."[56] A critic noted that this performance revealed "the art and human passion that the academic study of the text fails to disclose."[56] He also discussed King Lear as a lesson in parenthood and "King Lear: The Redemption of a Great Soul."[59][3] Another lecture covered "Shakespeare as a Moral and Religious Teacher."[60] He also taught high school students about Hamlet, Julius Caesar, and Macbeth.[3]
In December each year, he read A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens at various colleges.[1] This tradition may have started on December 18, 1904 when he performed the story at the Central Baptist Church of Syracuse for a benefit held by Women's Society of the church.[61]
His last performance was given on April 27, 1932, at Colgate University.[5][57]
Publications
editLosey edited the Complete Poetic and Dramatic Works of Shakespeare, published in one volume by John C. Winston Company in 1926.[1] This was commonly referred to as the "Losey Shakespeare."[55][4][62] Losey wrote an introduction, biography, glossary, index to characters, and an interpretation to each play.[62] This collection was issued in London in 1927 and 1932 as the Kingsway Shakespeare.[63][64] It was also reissued in America in 1952.[65]
A selection of his publications follows:
- Losey Frederick D. "The New Scholarship, a Basis for Fraternal Relations." The Phi Beta Kappa Key. 1915; 2(8): 376-381.[66]
- Shakespeare, William. Complete Poetic and Dramatic Works of Shakespeare, Losey, Frederick D., editor. Philadelphia: John C. Winston Company, 1926.[1]
Personal
editLosey married Marie L. Hale of Rochester, New York in 1890.[1] She was also a graduate of the National School of Oratory and taught high school in Rochester before she was married.[67] She performed as Marie Hale-Losey on the bill with her husband, reciting stories.[11][68] The couple resided in Rochester, New York, moving to Massachusetts while he attended Harvard.[69] They then moved to Syracuse and Tuscaloosa for his work.[10][70] At Syracuse University, Marie was an associate professor of public speaking.[67] In 1914, Marie became the first dean of women at the University of Alabama.[67] They did not have any children.[1]
Losey was a member of the National Arts Club in New York City and the Evening Card Club in Tuscaloosa.[1][70] In 1896, he signed a petition challenging the Fraternity of Delta Psi for revoking the charter University of Rochester chapter.[71] Losey performed in amateur theatrical productions on occasion.[69][72] In April 1897, he played Timon in a production of Timon of Athens by the Rochester Shakespeare Society.[72] In November 1899, he portrayed Martin Luther in The Story of the Reformation, or the Life of Luther at The Lyceum in Rochester.[69]
In 1917, Losey started devoting half of his public speaking events in support of women's suffrage.[8] He spoke on this topic at an open-air mass meeting in Hudson Falls, New York on October 27, 1917.[8]
After being ill for several months from heart failure, he died at his home at 227 Riverside Drive in New York City at the age of 65 on June 5, 1932.[1][5]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Dr. F. D. Losey Dead; Retired Educator" (PDF). The New York Times. June 6, 1932. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
- ^ "A Grand Performance". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York). October 24, 1889. p. 5. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c "Play 'King Lear' Concerned with Parenthood, Teachers Told by Dr. Losey". Press and Sun-Bulletin (Binghamton, New York). April 22, 1932. p. 21. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d "Dr. Frederick Losey". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York). June 8, 1932. p. 12. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d e f "Interpreter of Shakespeare Dies: Mr. Frederick D. Losey, Who Often Lectured Here Succumbs to Death". The Charlotte Observer (Charlotte, North Carolina). June 15, 1932. p. 13. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Meyer, H. L. G. Catalog of the Members of the Fraternity of Delta Psi Revised and Corrected to July 1906. New York: Fraternity of Delta Psi, 1906 via Google Books
- ^ "Looking Backward". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York). November 3, 1932. p. 12. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c "Two Speakers for Women's Suffrage". The Post-Star (Glenn Falls, New York). October 27, 1917. p. 3. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c "Frederick D. Losey". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York). February 13, 1895. p. 7. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d "Instructor at Syracuse University". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York). June 14, 1900. p. 14. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c "Some Entertainment". Sioux City Journal (Sioux City, Iowa). August 23, 1891. p. 9. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "A Pleasant Evening3". The Evening Bulletin (Maysville, Kentucky). January 21, 1891. p. 3. Retrieved April 22, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Oliver Twist at the Opera House". The Limestone Democrat (Athens, Alabama). December 3, 1892. p. 3. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "For the Building Fund". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York). October 25, 1889. p. 7. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "The Defense of the Bride and Other Poems (1882) by Anna Katharine Green". www.readings.com.au. 10 September 2010. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
- ^ Mackay, Charles. "A Man's A Man For A' That". All Poetry. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
- ^ "Frederick D. Losey". The Leaf-Chronicle (Clarksville, Tennessee). February 10, 1892. p. 2. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Silver Lake, New York". The Chautauquan. 8: 798. 1891. hdl:2027/pst.000020097462 – via Hathi Trust.
- ^ "The Next Chautauqua Entertainment". Hopkinsville Kentuckian (Hopkinsville, Kentucky). November 29, 1892. p. 3. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "The Chautauqua Season at Ruston". The Progress (Shreveport, Louisiana). July 8, 1893. p. 5. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "San Marcos Chautauqua". Austin American Statesman (Austin, Texas). July 8, 1894. p. 5. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "The Best Yet". The Wilmington Messenger (Wilmington, North Carolina). February 20, 1896. p. 4. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Losey to Read at Chautauqua". The Tuscaloosa News (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). January 28, 1916. p. 1. Retrieved April 22, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Elocution". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York). September 29, 1892. p. 8. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d e "State University". The Lincoln Star (Lincoln, Nebraska). December 13, 1906. p. 5. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Prof. F. D. Losey Publishes Correspondence Passed Between Himself and President Geo. H. Denny". The Tuscaloosa News (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). January 30, 1916. p. 8. Retrieved April 22, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Boar's Head Collection: History". Syracuse University Library. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
- ^ "Two Debates Proposed for the Same Night". The Post-Standard (Syracuse, New York). November 30, 1904. p. 3. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Students 'King Lear". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York). April 1, 1904. p. 16. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "King Lear". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York). April 5, 1904. p. 11. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Wieting Opera House". The Post-Standard (Syracuse, New York). April 10, 1904. p. 31. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Tonight". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York). April 14, 1904. p. 12. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Last month performances of 'King Lear'". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York). May 1, 1904. p. 16. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "University Notes". The Post-Standard (Syracuse, New York). November 30, 1904. p. 9. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c "Birmingham Boys in the Cast of 'Taming of the Shrew'". The Birmingham News (Birmingham, Alabama). February 4, 1908. p. 6. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Two Syracuse Professor Reported to have Resigned". The Illustrated Buffalo Express (Buffalo, New York). June 10, 1906. p. 14. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Professor Frederick D. Losey". Press and Sun-Bulletin (Binghamton, New York). June 13, 1906. p. 1. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Chancellor Day and Prof. Losey Exchange Warm 'Compliments'1". Buffalo Evening News (Buffalo, New York). June 14, 1906. p. 14. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c "Prof. Frederick D. Losey". The Lincoln Star (Lincoln, Nebraska). January 13, 1907. p. 4. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "The State University". The Nebraska State Journal (Lincoln, Nebraska). January 11, 1907. p. 9. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d "A Living Memorial to Dr. Losey's Influence". The Birmingham New (Birmingham, Alabama). June 9, 1932. p. 6. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Mr. Frederick D. Losey". The Tuscaloosa News (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). August 23, 1907. p. 6. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c "Mr. Losey Will Give a Series of Shakespearian Readings". The Tuscaloosa News (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). February 6, 1908. p. 5. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Blackfriars - Bhamwiki". www.bhamwiki.com. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
- ^ "Professor Losey on Shakespeare". The Tuscaloosa News (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). February 14, 1908. p. 7. Retrieved April 22, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Macbeth in Selma". The Tuscaloosa Times (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). February 3, 1909. p. 8. Retrieved April 22, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "'Twelfth Night' by Blackfriars". The Birmingham News (Birmingham, Alabana). March 29, 1910. p. 3. Retrieved April 22, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Blackfriars at the Auditorium". Tuscaloosa News (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). February 11, 1912. p. 1. Retrieved April 22, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "President Alabama University Attacked". The Commercial Appeal (Memphis, Tennessee). January 30, 1916. p. 11. Retrieved April 22, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c "Prof. F. D. Losey Publishes Correspondence Passed Between Himself and President Geo. H. Denny". The Tuscaloosa News (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). January 30, 1916. p. 1. Retrieved April 22, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c "Prof. F. D. Losey Publishes Correspondence Passed Between Himself and President Geo. H. Denny". The Tuscaloosa News (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). January 30, 1916. p. 6. Retrieved April 22, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Denny Sustained and Resignation of Losey Asked". The Birmingham News (Birmingham, Alabama). January 31, 1916. p. 1. Retrieved April 22, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Denny Sustained and Resignation of Losey Asked". The Birmingham News (Birmingham, Alabama). January 31, 1916. p. 9. Retrieved April 22, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Losey Accepts Columbia Offer". Tuscaloosa News (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). December 3, 1915. p. 1. Retrieved April 22, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c "Shakespearian Student to Lecture at Cedar Crest". The Morning Call (Allentown, Pennsylvania). November 15, 1929. p. 6. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c "Losey Recital". Journal and Courier (Lafayette, Indiana). March 9, 1926. p. 8. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Dr. Frederick Losey, Who Lectured Here, is Dead". The Charlotte News (Charlotte, North Carolina). June 14, 1932. p. 14. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Education of Surveys: Appropriations and Subsidies of High Schools, Normal School, Rural School, Teacher Institutes. Pennsylvania: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 1925. pp. 386–387. hdl:2027/uc1.$b66080. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Hathi Trust.
- ^ "Shakespearian Speaker". The Tennessean (Nashville, Tennessee). March 18, 1932. p. 13. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Lecture by Professor Losey". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York). April 27, 1902. p. 20. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Chaplain Herrick to Speak". The Post-Standard (Syracuse, New York). December 10, 1904. p. 5. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Books that Solve the Gift Problem". The Philadelphia Inquirer. December 6, 1930. p. 12. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Shakespeare, William; LOSEY, Frederick Douglas (1927). The Kingsway Shakespeare. The complete dramatic & poetic works, with portrait & eighteen plates ... General introduction, biography, and an introduction to each play by Frederick D. Losey, etc. London: G.G. Harrap. OCLC 503855872.
- ^ Shakespeare, William (1932). The Kingsway Shakespeare. The complete dramatic & poetic works with portrait & fourteen plates ... General introduction, biography and an introduction to each play by Frederick D. Losey, etc. London: G.G. Harrap & Co. OCLC 503856034.
- ^ Shakespeare, William; Losey, Frederick D (1952). Complete dramatic and poetic works. Philadelphia: Winston. OCLC 5808783.
- ^ Losey FD. The New Scholarship, a Basis for Fraternal Relations. The Phi Beta Kappa Key. 1915;2(8):376-381. via JSTOR. Accessed April 21, 2022.
- ^ a b c "Mrs. Losey to Head University Women". The Birmingham News (Birmingham, Alabama). March 27, 1914. p. 3. Retrieved April 22, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "The Loseys". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York). March 19, 1892. p. 10. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c "Life of Luther". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York). October 31, 1899. p. 11. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Dr. and Mrs. Losey Delightfully Entertain the Card Club". The Tuscaloosa News (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). May 6, 1908. p. 8. Retrieved April 22, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "The Papers in the Case: History of the Delta Psi Controversy in Full". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York). April 3, 1996. p. 12. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "In Honor of the Great Dramatist: Celebration of Shakespeare's Birth and Death". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York). April 26, 1897. p. 8. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.