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| name =Ethel Sturges Dummer
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| alt=
| birth_name =
| birth_date = October 23, 1866
| birth_place =[[Chicago, Illinois]], U.S.
| death_date = February 25, 1954
| death_place = [[Winnetka, Illinois]]
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| nationality =
| known_for = Philanthropy, social reform, writing
| education = Secondary school
| alma_mater= Kirkland School, Chicago
| spouse = William Francis Dummer
| children = Marion, Ethel, Katharine, Frances, William
| parents = Mary Delafield Sturges and George Sturges
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ethel Sturges Dummer''' (1866–1954) was a [[Chicago]]-based [[Progressivism in the United States|progressive]] activist, author, and philanthropist whose interests encompassed child labor laws, prison reform, education, psychology, and conservation. Born in Chicago in 1866 to Mary (Delafield) Sturges and George Sturges,<ref name="Ancestry">{{cite web|title=Ethel Sturges|url=https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/ethel-sturges_186368920|publisher=Ancestry|accessdate=December 9, 2017}}</ref> she graduated in 1885 from the Kirkland School, a [[Secondary school|high school]], in Chicago. She married William Francis Dummer (1851–1928), a prominent Chicago banker, in 1888. The couple had four daughters—Marion, Ethel, Katharine, and Frances—and a son, William,<ref name="Ancestry"/> who died in infancy.<ref name="Finding Aid">{{cite web|author=Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute|title=Papers of Ethel Sturges Dummer, 1689–1962: A Finding Aid|url=http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~sch00095|publisher=Harvard University|access-date=December 2, 2017}}</ref>
Although she had no formal education beyond secondary school and never held a paid job, she played a significant role in [[Chicago school (sociology)|Chicago school]] of sociology and in professional sociology in general, according to sociologist [[Jennifer Platt]]. Dummer funded projects she considered important and encouraged professionals to work on them. She often provided to these professionals relevant data gathered by networks of social reformers, many of them women.<ref name="Platt">{{cite journal|last=Platt|first=Jennifer|title=Acting As a Switchboard": Mrs. Ethel Sturges Dummer's Role in Sociology|journal=The American Sociologist|publisher=Springer|volume=23|issue=3|date=Fall 1992|pages=23–36|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/27698613|via=JSTOR|subscription=yes}}</ref> In a review of Dummer's autobiography, ''Why I Think So – The Autobiography of an Hypothesis'' (1937), Thomas Eliot of [[Northwestern University]], said, "Mrs. Dummer is best recognized in her intellectual enthusiasms, and in her generous tributes and contributions (spiritual and material) to the work of others."<ref name="autobiography review">{{cite journal|last=Eliot|first=Thomas D.|title='Why I Think So: The Autobiography of an Hypothesis' by Ethel Sturges Dummer|journal=Social Forces|volume=15|number=4|date=May 1937|pages=584–86|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2571436|via=JSTOR|subscription=yes|accessdate=December 8, 2017}}</ref>
In 1905, she joined the [[National Child Labor Committee]] and the Chicago [[Juvenile Protective Association]], and in 1908, she became a founder and trustee of the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy, later the [[University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration]]. She extended financial support to entities such as the [[Juvenile Psychopathic Institute]] and to prominent psychologists, psychiatrists, and sociologists including [[Adolf Meyer]], Thomas Eliot, [[William Alanson White]], [[Trigant Burrow]], [[Katharine Anthony]], [[Jessie Taft]], and others. She funded research, writing, and administrative projects undertaken by [[Miriam Van Waters]], a well-known prison reformer.<ref name="Finding Aid"/> She helped found the Illinois Society for Mental Hygiene and served on the boards of the [[City Club of Chicago]], and the National Probation Association.<ref name="Tribune obit">{{cite news|title=Plan Memorial Services for Mrs. Dummer, 87|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=February 27, 1954|page=23|via=Newspapers.com|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/196106850/?terms=%22Ethel%2BSturges%2BDummer%22|subscription=yes}}</ref>
Among Dummer's published work are prefaces to ''The Unadjusted Girl'' by [[W. I. Thomas|William I. Thomas]] (1923),<ref name="Finding Aid"/> a prominent sociologist and author. Concerned about the unequal treatment of women and men involved in what were known as sexual [[vice]] crimes, Dummer paid Thomas $5,000 a year for two years to research and analyze cases involving female [[prostitute]]s and unmarried mothers.<ref name="Platt"/> Drawn to the work of [[Mary Everest Boole|Mary Boole]] and her husband, mathematician [[George Boole]], Dummer supported publication of Mary Boole's collected works in 1931 and wrote a pamphlet, ''Mary E. Boole: A Pioneer Student of the Unconscious'' in 1945.<ref name="Platt"/>
Dummer's wide-ranging interests included biology, psychiatry, anthropology, and economics.<ref name="Platt"/> ''The Unconscious: A Symposium (1928)''; ''The Evolution of a Biological Faith'' (1943), and ''What is Thought?'' (1945) were among her other published works.<ref name="Finding Aid"/>
After 1947, Dummer lived with her daughter Katharine Dummer Fisher in [[Winnetka, Illinois]]. She died in Winnetka in 1954;<ref name="Finding Aid"/> memorial services were held at the [[Institute for Juvenile Research]] in Chicago.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ethel Sturges Dummer|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/196110797/?terms=%22Ethel%2BSturges%2BDummer%22|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=February 28, 1954|page=96|via=Newspapers.com|subscription=yes}}</ref>
===References===
{{reflist}}
===Further reading===
*{{cite book|last=Lichtman|first=Ethel M.|title=Ethel Sturges Dummer: A Pioneer of American Social Activism|publisher=iUniverse|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4401-7056-0}}' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,1 +1,39 @@
+{{Infobox person
+| name =Ethel Sturges Dummer
+| image =
+| image_size =
+| caption =
+| alt=
+| birth_name =
+| birth_date = October 23, 1866
+| birth_place =[[Chicago, Illinois]], U.S.
+| death_date = February 25, 1954
+| death_place = [[Winnetka, Illinois]]
+| resting_place =
+| resting_place_coordinates =
+| nationality =
+| known_for = Philanthropy, social reform, writing
+| education = Secondary school
+| alma_mater= Kirkland School, Chicago
+| spouse = William Francis Dummer
+| children = Marion, Ethel, Katharine, Frances, William
+| parents = Mary Delafield Sturges and George Sturges
+| footnotes =
+}}
+'''Ethel Sturges Dummer''' (1866–1954) was a [[Chicago]]-based [[Progressivism in the United States|progressive]] activist, author, and philanthropist whose interests encompassed child labor laws, prison reform, education, psychology, and conservation. Born in Chicago in 1866 to Mary (Delafield) Sturges and George Sturges,<ref name="Ancestry">{{cite web|title=Ethel Sturges|url=https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/ethel-sturges_186368920|publisher=Ancestry|accessdate=December 9, 2017}}</ref> she graduated in 1885 from the Kirkland School, a [[Secondary school|high school]], in Chicago. She married William Francis Dummer (1851–1928), a prominent Chicago banker, in 1888. The couple had four daughters—Marion, Ethel, Katharine, and Frances—and a son, William,<ref name="Ancestry"/> who died in infancy.<ref name="Finding Aid">{{cite web|author=Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute|title=Papers of Ethel Sturges Dummer, 1689–1962: A Finding Aid|url=http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~sch00095|publisher=Harvard University|access-date=December 2, 2017}}</ref>
+Although she had no formal education beyond secondary school and never held a paid job, she played a significant role in [[Chicago school (sociology)|Chicago school]] of sociology and in professional sociology in general, according to sociologist [[Jennifer Platt]]. Dummer funded projects she considered important and encouraged professionals to work on them. She often provided to these professionals relevant data gathered by networks of social reformers, many of them women.<ref name="Platt">{{cite journal|last=Platt|first=Jennifer|title=Acting As a Switchboard": Mrs. Ethel Sturges Dummer's Role in Sociology|journal=The American Sociologist|publisher=Springer|volume=23|issue=3|date=Fall 1992|pages=23–36|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/27698613|via=JSTOR|subscription=yes}}</ref> In a review of Dummer's autobiography, ''Why I Think So – The Autobiography of an Hypothesis'' (1937), Thomas Eliot of [[Northwestern University]], said, "Mrs. Dummer is best recognized in her intellectual enthusiasms, and in her generous tributes and contributions (spiritual and material) to the work of others."<ref name="autobiography review">{{cite journal|last=Eliot|first=Thomas D.|title='Why I Think So: The Autobiography of an Hypothesis' by Ethel Sturges Dummer|journal=Social Forces|volume=15|number=4|date=May 1937|pages=584–86|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2571436|via=JSTOR|subscription=yes|accessdate=December 8, 2017}}</ref>
+
+In 1905, she joined the [[National Child Labor Committee]] and the Chicago [[Juvenile Protective Association]], and in 1908, she became a founder and trustee of the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy, later the [[University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration]]. She extended financial support to entities such as the [[Juvenile Psychopathic Institute]] and to prominent psychologists, psychiatrists, and sociologists including [[Adolf Meyer]], Thomas Eliot, [[William Alanson White]], [[Trigant Burrow]], [[Katharine Anthony]], [[Jessie Taft]], and others. She funded research, writing, and administrative projects undertaken by [[Miriam Van Waters]], a well-known prison reformer.<ref name="Finding Aid"/> She helped found the Illinois Society for Mental Hygiene and served on the boards of the [[City Club of Chicago]], and the National Probation Association.<ref name="Tribune obit">{{cite news|title=Plan Memorial Services for Mrs. Dummer, 87|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=February 27, 1954|page=23|via=Newspapers.com|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/196106850/?terms=%22Ethel%2BSturges%2BDummer%22|subscription=yes}}</ref>
+
+Among Dummer's published work are prefaces to ''The Unadjusted Girl'' by [[W. I. Thomas|William I. Thomas]] (1923),<ref name="Finding Aid"/> a prominent sociologist and author. Concerned about the unequal treatment of women and men involved in what were known as sexual [[vice]] crimes, Dummer paid Thomas $5,000 a year for two years to research and analyze cases involving female [[prostitute]]s and unmarried mothers.<ref name="Platt"/> Drawn to the work of [[Mary Everest Boole|Mary Boole]] and her husband, mathematician [[George Boole]], Dummer supported publication of Mary Boole's collected works in 1931 and wrote a pamphlet, ''Mary E. Boole: A Pioneer Student of the Unconscious'' in 1945.<ref name="Platt"/>
+
+Dummer's wide-ranging interests included biology, psychiatry, anthropology, and economics.<ref name="Platt"/> ''The Unconscious: A Symposium (1928)''; ''The Evolution of a Biological Faith'' (1943), and ''What is Thought?'' (1945) were among her other published works.<ref name="Finding Aid"/>
+
+After 1947, Dummer lived with her daughter Katharine Dummer Fisher in [[Winnetka, Illinois]]. She died in Winnetka in 1954;<ref name="Finding Aid"/> memorial services were held at the [[Institute for Juvenile Research]] in Chicago.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ethel Sturges Dummer|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/196110797/?terms=%22Ethel%2BSturges%2BDummer%22|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=February 28, 1954|page=96|via=Newspapers.com|subscription=yes}}</ref>
+
+===References===
+{{reflist}}
+
+===Further reading===
+*{{cite book|last=Lichtman|first=Ethel M.|title=Ethel Sturges Dummer: A Pioneer of American Social Activism|publisher=iUniverse|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4401-7056-0}}
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<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold"><span class="fn">Ethel Sturges Dummer</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Born</th>
<td>October 23, 1866<br />
<span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>, U.S.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Died</th>
<td>February 25, 1954<br />
<span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Winnetka,_Illinois" title="Winnetka, Illinois">Winnetka, Illinois</a></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Education</th>
<td>Secondary school</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Alma mater</th>
<td>Kirkland School, Chicago</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Known for</th>
<td>Philanthropy, social reform, writing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Spouse(s)</span></th>
<td>William Francis Dummer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Children</th>
<td>Marion, Ethel, Katharine, Frances, William</td>
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<tr>
<th scope="row">Parent(s)</th>
<td>Mary Delafield Sturges and George Sturges</td>
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<p><b>Ethel Sturges Dummer</b> (1866–1954) was a <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressive</a> activist, author, and philanthropist whose interests encompassed child labor laws, prison reform, education, psychology, and conservation. Born in Chicago in 1866 to Mary (Delafield) Sturges and George Sturges,<sup id="cite_ref-Ancestry_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ancestry-1">[1]</a></sup> she graduated in 1885 from the Kirkland School, a <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">high school</a>, in Chicago. She married William Francis Dummer (1851–1928), a prominent Chicago banker, in 1888. The couple had four daughters—Marion, Ethel, Katharine, and Frances—and a son, William,<sup id="cite_ref-Ancestry_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ancestry-1">[1]</a></sup> who died in infancy.<sup id="cite_ref-Finding_Aid_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finding_Aid-2">[2]</a></sup></p>
<p>Although she had no formal education beyond secondary school and never held a paid job, she played a significant role in <a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_(sociology)" title="Chicago school (sociology)">Chicago school</a> of sociology and in professional sociology in general, according to sociologist <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Platt" title="Jennifer Platt">Jennifer Platt</a>. Dummer funded projects she considered important and encouraged professionals to work on them. She often provided to these professionals relevant data gathered by networks of social reformers, many of them women.<sup id="cite_ref-Platt_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platt-3">[3]</a></sup> In a review of Dummer's autobiography, <i>Why I Think So – The Autobiography of an Hypothesis</i> (1937), Thomas Eliot of <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>, said, "Mrs. Dummer is best recognized in her intellectual enthusiasms, and in her generous tributes and contributions (spiritual and material) to the work of others."<sup id="cite_ref-autobiography_review_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autobiography_review-4">[4]</a></sup></p>
<p>In 1905, she joined the <a href="/wiki/National_Child_Labor_Committee" title="National Child Labor Committee">National Child Labor Committee</a> and the Chicago <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_Protective_Association" title="Juvenile Protective Association">Juvenile Protective Association</a>, and in 1908, she became a founder and trustee of the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy, later the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_School_of_Social_Service_Administration" title="University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration">University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration</a>. She extended financial support to entities such as the <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_Psychopathic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Juvenile Psychopathic Institute">Juvenile Psychopathic Institute</a> and to prominent psychologists, psychiatrists, and sociologists including <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Meyer" class="mw-disambig" title="Adolf Meyer">Adolf Meyer</a>, Thomas Eliot, <a href="/wiki/William_Alanson_White" title="William Alanson White">William Alanson White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trigant_Burrow" title="Trigant Burrow">Trigant Burrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Anthony" title="Katharine Anthony">Katharine Anthony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jessie_Taft" title="Jessie Taft">Jessie Taft</a>, and others. She funded research, writing, and administrative projects undertaken by <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Van_Waters" title="Miriam Van Waters">Miriam Van Waters</a>, a well-known prison reformer.<sup id="cite_ref-Finding_Aid_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finding_Aid-2">[2]</a></sup> She helped found the Illinois Society for Mental Hygiene and served on the boards of the <a href="/wiki/City_Club_of_Chicago" title="City Club of Chicago">City Club of Chicago</a>, and the National Probation Association.<sup id="cite_ref-Tribune_obit_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tribune_obit-5">[5]</a></sup></p>
<p>Among Dummer's published work are prefaces to <i>The Unadjusted Girl</i> by <a href="/wiki/W._I._Thomas" title="W. I. Thomas">William I. Thomas</a> (1923),<sup id="cite_ref-Finding_Aid_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finding_Aid-2">[2]</a></sup> a prominent sociologist and author. Concerned about the unequal treatment of women and men involved in what were known as sexual <a href="/wiki/Vice" title="Vice">vice</a> crimes, Dummer paid Thomas $5,000 a year for two years to research and analyze cases involving female <a href="/wiki/Prostitute" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitute">prostitutes</a> and unmarried mothers.<sup id="cite_ref-Platt_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platt-3">[3]</a></sup> Drawn to the work of <a href="/wiki/Mary_Everest_Boole" title="Mary Everest Boole">Mary Boole</a> and her husband, mathematician <a href="/wiki/George_Boole" title="George Boole">George Boole</a>, Dummer supported publication of Mary Boole's collected works in 1931 and wrote a pamphlet, <i>Mary E. Boole: A Pioneer Student of the Unconscious</i> in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-Platt_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platt-3">[3]</a></sup></p>
<p>Dummer's wide-ranging interests included biology, psychiatry, anthropology, and economics.<sup id="cite_ref-Platt_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platt-3">[3]</a></sup> <i>The Unconscious: A Symposium (1928)</i>; <i>The Evolution of a Biological Faith</i> (1943), and <i>What is Thought?</i> (1945) were among her other published works.<sup id="cite_ref-Finding_Aid_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finding_Aid-2">[2]</a></sup></p>
<p>After 1947, Dummer lived with her daughter Katharine Dummer Fisher in <a href="/wiki/Winnetka,_Illinois" title="Winnetka, Illinois">Winnetka, Illinois</a>. She died in Winnetka in 1954;<sup id="cite_ref-Finding_Aid_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finding_Aid-2">[2]</a></sup> memorial services were held at the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Juvenile_Research" title="Institute for Juvenile Research">Institute for Juvenile Research</a> in Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethel_Sturges_Dummer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Ancestry-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ancestry_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ancestry_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/ethel-sturges_186368920">"Ethel Sturges"</a>. Ancestry<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethel+Sturges&rft.pub=Ancestry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com%2Fgenealogy%2Frecords%2Fethel-sturges_186368920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthel+Sturges+Dummer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Finding_Aid-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Finding_Aid_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finding_Aid_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finding_Aid_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finding_Aid_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finding_Aid_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~sch00095">"Papers of Ethel Sturges Dummer, 1689–1962: A Finding Aid"</a>. Harvard University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papers+of+Ethel+Sturges+Dummer%2C+1689%E2%80%931962%3A+A+Finding+Aid&rft.pub=Harvard+University&rft.au=Schlesinger+Library%2C+Radcliffe+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foasis.lib.harvard.edu%2Foasis%2Fdeliver%2F~sch00095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthel+Sturges+Dummer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Platt-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Platt_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Platt_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Platt_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Platt_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Platt, Jennifer (Fall 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/27698613">"Acting As a Switchboard": Mrs. Ethel Sturges Dummer's Role in Sociology"</a>. <i>The American Sociologist</i>. Springer. <b>23</b> (3): 23–36 – via JSTOR. <span style="font-size:90%; color:#555">(Subscription required (<span title="The site requires a paid subscription to access this page." style="border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help">help</span>))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Sociologist&rft.atitle=Acting+As+a+Switchboard%22%3A+Mrs.+Ethel+Sturges+Dummer%27s+Role+in+Sociology&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=23-36&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Platt&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27698613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthel+Sturges+Dummer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-autobiography_review-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autobiography_review_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Eliot, Thomas D. (May 1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2571436">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Why I Think So: The Autobiography of an Hypothesis' by Ethel Sturges Dummer"</a>. <i>Social Forces</i>. <b>15</b> (4): 584–86<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2017</span> – via JSTOR. <span style="font-size:90%; color:#555">(Subscription required (<span title="The site requires a paid subscription to access this page." style="border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help">help</span>))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Forces&rft.atitle=%27Why+I+Think+So%3A+The+Autobiography+of+an+Hypothesis%27+by+Ethel+Sturges+Dummer&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=584-86&rft.date=1937-05&rft.aulast=Eliot&rft.aufirst=Thomas+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2571436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthel+Sturges+Dummer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Tribune_obit-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tribune_obit_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/196106850/?terms=%22Ethel%2BSturges%2BDummer%22">"Plan Memorial Services for Mrs. Dummer, 87"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. February 27, 1954. p. 23 – via Newspapers.com. <span style="font-size:90%; color:#555">(Subscription required (<span title="The site requires a paid subscription to access this page." style="border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help">help</span>))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Plan+Memorial+Services+for+Mrs.+Dummer%2C+87&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1954-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F196106850%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522Ethel%252BSturges%252BDummer%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthel+Sturges+Dummer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/196110797/?terms=%22Ethel%2BSturges%2BDummer%22">"Ethel Sturges Dummer"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. February 28, 1954. p. 96 – via Newspapers.com. <span style="font-size:90%; color:#555">(Subscription required (<span title="The site requires a paid subscription to access this page." style="border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help">help</span>))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Ethel+Sturges+Dummer&rft.pages=96&rft.date=1954-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F196110797%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522Ethel%252BSturges%252BDummer%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthel+Sturges+Dummer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethel_Sturges_Dummer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul>
<li><cite class="citation book">Lichtman, Ethel M. (2009). <i>Ethel Sturges Dummer: A Pioneer of American Social Activism</i>. iUniverse. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4401-7056-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4401-7056-0">978-1-4401-7056-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethel+Sturges+Dummer%3A+A+Pioneer+of+American+Social+Activism&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4401-7056-0&rft.aulast=Lichtman&rft.aufirst=Ethel+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthel+Sturges+Dummer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li>
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Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | 0 |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1512842699 |