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'{{about|the diplomat|the journalist|Edward Howard House}} {{Infobox person | image =Edward M. House in 1915.jpg | alt =Frontal image of House with white mustache; seated with hands folded in his lap. | caption = House in 1915 |birth_name =Edward Mandell House | birth_date = {{Birth date|1858|7|26}} | birth_place = Houston, Texas | death_date = {{Death date and age|1938|3|28|1858|7|26}} | death_place = [[Manhattan]], [[New York (state)|New York]] | death_cause = | body_discovered = | resting_place =[[Glenwood Cemetery (Houston, Texas)]] | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | monuments = | residence = | nationality = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = | years_active = | employer = | organization = | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = | style = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = [[History of the United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] | movement = | opponents = | boards = | religion = <!-- Religion should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --> | denomination = <!-- Denomination should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --> | criminal_charge = <!-- Criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources --> | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = {{marriage|Loulie Hunter<br>|1881|March 28, 1938|end=his death}} | partner = | children ={{Plainlist| *two daughters survived him: *Mona and Janet}} | parents ={{Plainlist| *Mary Elizabeth (Shearn) House *Thomas William House}} | relatives = six older brothers | callsign = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = | footnotes = <ref name=TSHA> {{cite web <!-- |authorlink=Charles E. Neu --> |first=Charles E. |last=Neu |title=Edward Mandell House |date=June 15, 2010 |work=[[Handbook of Texas Online]] |url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fho66 |accessdate=2014-07-12 |publisher=[[Texas State Historical Association]]}}</ref><ref> {{cite book |chapter=Edward Mandell House |title=Encyclopedia of World Biography |location=Detroit |year=1998 |publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale]] |series=Biography in Context |id=GALE&#124;K1631003142 |accessdate=2014-07-12 |chapter-url=http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=BIC1&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CK1631003142&source=Bookmark&u=fairfax_main&jsid=18bd441163b4480415bcb1d2af04aaa2}}</ref><ref name=DictAmBio> {{cite book |chapter=Edward Mandell House |title=Dictionary of American Biography |location=New York |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |year=1944 |series=Biography in Context |accessdate=2014-07-13 |chapter-url=http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=BIC1&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CBT2310010933&source=Bookmark&u=fairfax_main&jsid=2fb2d33829ab765662e1307c5be171c3 |id=GALE&#124;BT2310010933|title-link=Dictionary of American Biography }}</ref> | box_width = }} '''Edward Mandell House''' (July 26, 1858 – March 28, 1938) was an American diplomat, and an adviser to President [[Woodrow Wilson]]. He was known by the nickname '''Colonel House''', although he had performed no military service. He was a highly influential back-stage politician in Texas before becoming a key supporter of the presidential bid of Wilson in 1912. Having a self-effacing manner, he did not hold office but was an "executive agent", Wilson's chief advisor on European politics and diplomacy during [[World War I]] (1914–18) and at the [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference of 1919]]. In 1919 Wilson, suffering from a series of small strokes, broke with House and many other top advisors, believing they had deceived him at Paris. ==Early years== He was born July 26, 1858 in [[Houston, Texas]], the last of seven children. <!-- He was the son of Houston mayor [[Thomas William House Sr.]], a gunrunner during the [[US Civil War]] who amassed a fortune.{{citation needed|date=July 2014}} -->His father, [[Thomas William House Sr.]], was an immigrant from England by way of New Orleans who became a prominent Houston businessman with a large role in developing the city and served a term as its mayor. An ardent Confederate, he had also sent blockade runners against the [[Union blockade]] in the Gulf of Mexico during the [[American Civil War]].<ref name=TSHA/><ref>{{cite web |<!-- authorlink=Julia Beazley --> |first=Julia |last=Beazley |title=HOUSE, THOMAS WILLIAM |work=Handbook of Texas Online |date=June 15, 2010 |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |accessdate=2014-07-12 |url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fho68}}</ref> House attended Houston Academy<!-- probably not the one founded 1970 in Alabama -->, a school in [[Bath, England]], a [[University-preparatory school|prep school]] in [[Virginia]], and [[Hopkins Grammar School]], [[New Haven, Connecticut]].<ref name=TSHA/> He went on to study at [[Cornell University]] in [[Ithaca, New York]], in 1877 where he was a member of the [[Alpha Delta Phi]] fraternity. He left at the beginning of his third year to care for his sick father, who died in 1880.<ref name=TSHA/><ref name=DictAmBio/><ref>{{cite web |title=Alpha Delt&nbsp;-&nbsp;Alpha Delt Hall of Famevh us dgt da FB f |accessdate=2014-07-13 |url=https://www.adphicornell.org/120-fame.asp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PART ONE: The History of Alpha Delta Phi at Cornell |work=A Comprehensive History of Alpha Delt Phi |pages=1–2 |first=Marc B. |last=Zawel |accessdate=2014-07-13 |url=https://www.adphicornell.org/120-adphicor/2008/2008-ADPhi-History.pdf}}</ref> He married Loulie Hunter on August 4, 1881.<ref name=DictAmBio/> ==Texas business and politics== On his return to Texas, House ran his family's business. He eventually sold the [[cotton]] [[plantations in the American South|plantation]]s, and invested in [[banking]]. He was a founder of the [[Trinity and Brazos Valley Railway]]. House moved to New York City about 1902. In 1912, House published anonymously a novel called ''[[Philip Dru: Administrator]]'', in which the title character leads the democratic western U.S. in a civil war against the [[plutocratic]] East, becoming the dictator of America. Dru as dictator imposes a series of reforms which resemble the [[Progressive Party (United States, 1912)|Bull Moose platform of 1912]] and then vanishes.<ref>Lasch, pp. 230–35.</ref> House helped to make four men [[governor of Texas]]: [[Jim Hogg|James S. Hogg]] (1892), [[Charles Allen Culberson|Charles A. Culberson]] (1894), [[Joseph D. Sayers]] (1898), and [[S. W. T. Lanham]] (1902). After their elections, House acted as unofficial advisor to each. In 1893, Hogg appointed House to his military staff with the rank of [[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|lieutenant colonel]], a position which came with a title but no actual military responsibilities.<ref name=Volume_1>{{cite book |last=Richardson |first=Rupert Norval |date=1964 |title=Colonel Edward M. House |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=amYBcP-OYJ8C&dq=%22e.+m.+house%22+hogg+staff&q=%22lieutenant+colonel%22 |location=Abilene, TX |publisher=Hardin-Simmons University |page=223}}</ref> He was reappointed by Culberson, Sayers, and Lanham, and was soon known as "Colonel House," the title which he used for the rest of his career.<ref name=Volume_1/> [[Image:Colonel Edward M. House.jpg|thumb|left|237px|Edward M. House, from ''An Onlooker in France 1917–1919'' by William Orpen, 1921. Plate LXXXV]] A "cosmopolitan progressive" who examined political developments in Europe, House was an admirer of the British [[Liberal welfare reforms]] instigated between 1906 and 1914, noting to a friend in June 1911 that [[David Lloyd George]] <blockquote>is working out the problems which are nearest my heart and that is the equalization of opportunity …. The income tax, the employers' liability act, the old age pension measure, the budget of last year and this insurance bill puts England well to the fore. We have touched these problems in America but lightly as yet but the soil is fallow.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=g1IgBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA69&dq=colonel+house+old-age+pensions#v=onepage&q=colonel%20house%20old-age%20pensions&f=false | title=Colonel House: A Biography of Woodrow Wilson's Silent Partner| isbn=9780195045505| last1=Neu| first1=Charles E.| date=2014-12-31}}</ref></blockquote> ==Advisor to Wilson== After House withdrew from Texas politics and moved to New York, he became an advisor, close friend and supporter of New Jersey governor [[Woodrow Wilson]] in 1911, and helped him win the Democratic presidential nomination in 1912. He became an intimate of Wilson and helped set up his administration. House was offered the cabinet position of his choice (except for [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]], which was already pledged to [[William Jennings Bryan]]) but declined, choosing instead "to serve wherever and whenever possible." House was even provided living quarters within the White House. He continued as an advisor to Wilson particularly in the area of foreign affairs. House functioned as Wilson's chief negotiator in Europe during the negotiations for peace (1917–1919) and as chief deputy for Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference. In the [[1916 United States presidential election|1916 presidential election]], House declined any public role but was Wilson's top campaign advisor: "he planned its structure; set its tone; guided its finance; chose speakers, tactics, and strategy; and, not least, handled the campaign's greatest asset and greatest potential liability: its brilliant but temperamental candidate."<ref>{{cite book|author=Godfrey Hodgson|title=Woodrow Wilson's right hand: the life of Colonel Edward M. House|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4jcL20ZS_KUC&pg=PA126|year=2006|publisher=Yale University Press|page=126|isbn=0300092695}}</ref> After Wilson's first wife died in 1914, the President was even closer to House. However, Wilson's second wife, [[Edith Bolling Galt Wilson|Edith]], of whom he had commissioned the Swiss-born American artist [[Adolfo Müller-Ury]] (1862–1947) to paint a portrait in 1916, disliked House, and his position weakened. It is believed that her personal animosity was significantly responsible for Wilson's eventual decision to break with House. [[File:ColonelHouse.PNG|thumb|right|225px|Col. House and President Wilson in 1915.<ref>{{cite news|title=Col. House Discusses Peace Outlook with Wilson|url=http://idnc.library.illinois.edu/cgi-bin/illinois?a=d&d=RIA19150628.1.8&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------|accessdate=29 June 2015|publisher=Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections|date=June 28, 1915}}</ref>]] ==Diplomacy== House threw himself into world affairs, promoting Wilson's goal of brokering a peace to end World War I. He spent much of 1915 and 1916 in Europe, trying to negotiate peace through diplomacy. He was enthusiastic but lacked deep insight into European affairs and relied on the information received from British diplomats, especially the British foreign secretary [[Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon|Edward Grey]], to shape his outlook. Nicholas Ferns argues that Grey's ideas meshed with House's. Grey's diplomatic goal was to establish close Anglo-American relations; he deliberately built a close connection to further that aim. Thereby Grey re-enforced House's pro-Allied proclivities so that Wilson's chief advisor promoted the British position.<ref>Nicolas Ferns, "Loyal Advisor? Colonel Edward House's Confidential Trips to Europe, 1913–1917." ''Diplomacy & Statecraft'' 24.3 (2013): 365-382.</ref> After a German U-boat sank without warning the British passenger liner {{RMS|Lusitania||2}} on 7 May 1915, with 128 Americans among the 1198 dead, many Americans called for war. The ship was carrying war munitions, although this was not publicly revealed at the time.<ref>http://www.centenarynews.com/article?id=1616</ref>{{vc|date=April 2018}} Wilson demanded that Germany respect American neutral rights, and especially not sink merchant ships or passenger liners without giving the passengers and crew the opportunity to get into lifeboats, as required by international law. Tension escalated with Germany, until Germany agreed to Wilson's terms. House felt that the war was an epic battle between democracy and autocracy; he argued the United States ought to help Britain and France win a limited Allied victory. However, Wilson still insisted on neutrality. House played a major role in shaping wartime diplomacy. He supported [[Thomas Garrigue Masaryk]] Czechoslovak legions especially in Russia as well<ref>PRECLÍK, Vratislav. Masaryk a legie (Masaryk and legions), váz. kniha, 219 str., vydalo nakladatelství Paris Karviná, Žižkova 2379 (734 01 Karvina, Czech Republik) ve spolupráci s Masarykovým demokratickým hnutím (Masaryk Democratic Movement, Prague), 2019, {{ISBN|978-80-87173-47-3}}, pp. 87 - 89, 118 - 128,140 - 148,184 - 190</ref>. Wilson had House assemble "[[The Inquiry]]", a team of academic experts to devise efficient postwar solutions to all the world's problems. In September 1918, Wilson gave House the responsibility for preparing a constitution for a [[League of Nations]]. In October 1918, when Germany petitioned for peace based on the [[Fourteen Points]], Wilson charged House with working out details of an [[armistice]] with the Allies. [[File:Edward Mandell House cph.3b17553.jpg|thumb|left|237px|Edward M. House in 1920]] ==Paris conference== House helped Wilson outline his [[Fourteen Points]] and worked with the president on the drafting of the [[Treaty of Versailles]] and the [[Covenant of the League of Nations]]. House served on the [[League of Nations Mandate|League of Nations Commission on Mandates]] with [[Lord Milner]] and [[Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood|Lord Robert Cecil]] of Great Britain, Henri Simon<ref>[[Margaret MacMillan|MacMillan, Margaret]]. ''Paris 1919''. New York, Random House, 2002</ref> of France, [[Chinda Sutemi|Viscount Chinda]] of Japan, [[Guglielmo Marconi]] of Italy, and [[George Louis Beer]] as adviser. On May 30, 1919 House participated in a meeting in Paris which laid the groundwork for establishment of the [[Council on Foreign Relations]] (CFR). Throughout 1919, House urged Wilson to work with Senator [[Henry Cabot Lodge]] to achieve ratification of the [[Versailles Treaty]], but Wilson refused to deal with Lodge or any other senior [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]. The conference revealed serious policy disagreements and personality conflicts between Wilson and House. Wilson became less tolerant and broke with his closest advisors, one after another. Later, he dismissed House's son-in-law, Gordon Auchincloss, from the American peace commission when it became known the young man was making derogatory comments about him.<ref name=Berg>{{cite book|last=Berg|first=A. Scott|authorlink=A. Scott Berg|title=Wilson|year=2013|publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-399-15921-3|pages=571|title-link=Wilson (book)}}</ref> In February 1919, House took his place on the [[Treaty of Versailles|Council of Ten]], where he negotiated compromises unacceptable to Wilson. The following month, Wilson returned to Paris. He decided that House had taken too many liberties in negotiations, and relegated him to the sidelines. After they returned to the US later that year, the two men never saw or spoke to each other again.<ref name=Berg/><!--page=601}}--> In the 1920s, '''THE FUCKER'''''Italic text'' strongly supported membership in both the [[League of Nations]] and the [[Permanent Court of International Justice]]. In 1932, House supported [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] for the presidency without joining his inner circle. Although he became disillusioned with the course of the [[New Deal]] after Roosevelt's election, he expressed his reservations only privately. House was a confidant of [[William E. Dodd]], Roosevelt's first Ambassador to [[Nazi Germany]], acting at times as Dodd's intermediary with the White House and the [[United States Department of State|State Department]].<ref>[[Erik Larson (author)|Larson, Erik]] (2011) ''[[In the Garden of Beasts]]'' New York: Broadway Paperbacks. pp. 38, 136, 152, 217, 245 {{isbn|978-0-307-40885-3}}</ref>{{clear left}} ==Death and legacy== House died on March 28, 1938 in [[Manhattan, New York City]], following a bout of [[pleurisy]].<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Colonel House Dies Here At Age Of 79. Wilson's Adviser In The Days Of World War Succumbs In Sleep |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1938/03/29/archives/colonel-house-dies-here-at-age-of-79-wilsons-adviser-in-the-days-of.html |quote= |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 29, 1938 }}</ref> As a (one time) novelist, House had much more influence with the book ''[[Philip Dru: Administrator]]'' than has been appreciated. Historian Maxwell Bloomfield notes the impact of the character ''Dru'', as written by Wilson's Secretary of the Interior. In his diary, Franklin K. Lane wrote the following:<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=u54j3Nkn_cUC&pg=PA47 Peaceful Revolution: Constitutional Change and American Culture from Progressivism to the New Deal], Harvard University Press</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=8mwoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA297 The Letters of Franklin K. Lane, Personal and Political]</ref> :Colonel House's Book, Philip Dru, favors it, and all that book has said should be, comes about slowly, even woman suffrage. The President comes to Philip Dru in the end. And yet they say that House has no power.... [[File:EMHouse monument Warsaw Poland.jpg|thumb|right|240px|Edward M. House statue in [[Warsaw]]]] House was buried at [[Glenwood Cemetery (Houston, Texas)|Glenwood Cemetery]] in Houston. After his death, politicians, diplomats and statesman from around the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom expressed their admiration for House and regrets about his death, including President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], [[Cordell Hull]], [[Fiorello LaGuardia]], [[Al Smith]], [[Mackenzie King]], [[David Lloyd George]], [[Lord Tyrrell]], and [[Lord Robert Cecil]].<ref>Staff/[[Associated Press]] (March 29, 1938) [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1938/03/29/98116643.pdf "British Remember Wisdom of House"] ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref><ref>Staff (March 29. 1938) [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1938/03/29/98116641.pdf "Roosevelt Praises Service of House"] ''The New York Times''</ref><ref>Staff (March 29, 1938) [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1938/03/29/98116817.pdf "Deaths: House, Edward M."] ''The New York Times''</ref> [[House Park]], a high school football stadium in [[Austin, Texas]], stands on House's former horse pasture. The small farming community of [[Emhouse, Texas|Emhouse]] in north-central [[Navarro County, Texas]] was renamed from Lyford in his honor, as he had served as the superintendent of the railroad company that operated in the community.<ref>{{cite web|last=Long|first=Christopher|title=EMHOUSE, TX|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hle17|work=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|accessdate=2014-07-12}}</ref> A statue of House, financed by [[Ignacy Jan Paderewski]] in 1932, is located at [[Skaryszewski Park]] in [[Warsaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://warsawinstitute.org/american-relief-polands-independence/ |title=American Relief and Poland's Independence |last=Siekierski |first=Nicholas |date=March 12, 2018 |website=Warsaw Institute Review |publisher=Warsaw Institute |location=Warsaw, Poland}}</ref> House is considered a hero in Poland for his advocacy of Polish independence after World War I, which was incorporated into the Fourteen Points and resulted in the reestablishment of the Polish nation.<ref>{{cite book |last=Latawski |first=Paul |date=1992 |title=The Reconstruction of Poland, 1914-23 |url=https://books.google.come/books?id=YaG-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA96 |location=New York, NY |publisher=St. Martin's Press |pages=95–99 |isbn=978-1-349-22187-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=January 16, 2019 |title=Wilson put together a delegation of diplomats to negotiate the final peace from World War I |url=https://www.timesrecordnews.com/story/opinion/2019/01/16/century-after-treaty-versailles/2581573002/ |work=[[Times Record News]] |location=Wichita Falls, TX}}</ref> The [[World War II]] [[Liberty Ship]] {{SS|Edward M. House}} was named in his honor. ==In popular culture== *In [[Darryl F. Zanuck]]'s 1944 film ''[[Wilson (1944 film)|Wilson]]'', [[Charles Halton]] portrayed Colonel House. ==Works== * Edward Mandell House and [[Charles Seymour]]. ''What Really Happened at Paris: The Story of the Peace Conference, 1918–1919.'' New York: Charles Scribners' Sons, 1921. * Charles Seymour (ed.), [http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=genpub;idno=ACL9380.0001.001 ''The Intimate Papers of Colonel House.''] In 4 volumes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1928. * Edward Mandell House. ''[[Philip Dru: Administrator]]: A Story of Tomorrow, 1920-1935''. New York: B.W. Huebsch, 1912 ==See also== *[[American Commission to Negotiate Peace]] *[[Federal Reserve]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * Bailey, Thomas A. '' Woodrow Wilson and the Lost Peace'' (1963) on Paris, 1919 * Bailey, Thomas A. ''Woodrow Wilson and the great betrayal'' (1945) on Senate defeat. [http://laapush.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Versailles1.pdf conclusion-ch 22] * Bailey, Thomas A. ''A Diplomatic History of the American People'' (1980) ch 39–40. * Bruce, Scot David, ''Woodrow Wilson's Colonial Emissary: Edward M. House and the Origins of the Mandate System, 1917–1919'' (University of Nebraska Press, 2013). * Butts, Robert H. ''An architect of the American century: Colonel Edward M. House and the modernization of United States diplomacy'' (Texas Christian UP, 2010). * Cooper, John Milton Jr. ''Woodrow Wilson: A Biography'' (2011), a major scholarly biography * Doenecke, Justus D. ''Nothing Less Than War: A New History of America's Entry into World War I'' (2014), historiography. * Ferns, Nicholas. "Loyal Advisor? Colonel Edward House's Confidential Trips to Europe, 1913–1917". ''Diplomacy & Statecraft'' 24.3 (2013): 365–382. * Floto, Inga. ''Colonel House in Paris: A Study of American Policy at the Paris Peace Conference 1919'' (Princeton U. Press, 1980) * Esposito, David M. "Imagined Power: The Secret Life of Colonel House." ''Historian'' (1998) 60#4 pp. 741–755.online * George, Alexander L. and Juliette George. ''Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House: A Personality Study''. New York: Dover Publications, 1964. * Hodgson, Godfrey. ''Woodrow Wilson's Right Hand: The Life of Colonel Edward M. House''. (2006); scholarly biography * Larsen, Daniel. "British Intelligence and the 1916 Mediation Mission of Colonel Edward M. House". ''Intelligence and National Security'' 25.5 (2010): 682–704. * Lasch, Christopher. ''The New Radicalism in America, 1889–1963: The Intellectual as a Social Type''. (1965). * Neu, Charles E. [http://www.anb.org/articles/06/06-00291.html "Edward Mandell House"], ''American National Biography'', 2000. * Neu, Charles E. ''Colonel House: A Biography of Woodrow Wilson's Silent Partner'' (2014); Scholarly biography [https://networks.h-net.org/node/20317/reviews/73264/rowlett-neu-colonel-house-biography-woodrow-wilsons-silent-partner online review] * Neu, Charles E. "In Search of Colonel Edward M. House: The Texas Years, 1858–1912", ''Southwestern Historical Quarterly'' (1989) 93#1 pp. 25–44. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30241259 in JSTOR] * [[Rupert N. Richardson|Richardson, Rupert N.]], ''Colonel Edward M. House: The Texas Years''. 1964. * Startt, James D. "Colonel Edward M. House and the Journalists", ''American Journalism'' (2010) 27#3 pp. 27–58. *{{cite book |authorlink=Arthur Walworth |last=Walworth |first=Arthur |title=Wilson and His Peacemakers: American Diplomacy at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 |year=1986}} * Williams, Joyce G. ''Colonel House and Sir Edward Grey: A Study in Anglo-American Diplomacy'' (University Press of America, 1984) ::'''Primary sources''' * Link. Arthur C., ed. ''The Papers of Woodrow Wilson.'' In 69 volumes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (1966–1994) * Seymour, Charles, ed. ''The intimate papers of Colonel House'' (4 vols., 1928) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.50260 online edition][http://quod.lib.umich.edu/g/genpub/ACL9380.0001.001?view=toc online v1]; ==External links== {{Commons category|Edward M. House}} {{wikisource author|Edward M. House}} * [http://archives.library.rice.edu/repositories/2/resources/220 Col. Edward M. House correspondences](Woodson Research Center, Fondren Library, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA) * {{Gutenberg author |id=House,+Edward+Mandell | name=Edward Mandell House}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=Edward Mandell House |sopt=t}} * {{Internet Archive author |name=Colonel House |sopt=t}} * {{Librivox author |id=1967}} * {{Gutenberg|no=1967|name=Philip Dru Administrator}} * {{Gutenberg|no=20215|name=An Onlooker in France 1917–1919}} * {{Findagrave|15123180}} * {{PM20|FID=pe/008234}} {{s-start}} {{s-ach}} {{s-bef|before=[[Herbert L. Pratt]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of People on the Cover of Time Magazine: 1920s|Cover of Time Magazine]] |years=25 June 1923}} {{s-aft|after=[[Andrew Mellon]]}} {{end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:House, Edward M.}} [[Category:1858 births]] [[Category:1938 deaths]] [[Category:American investors]] [[Category:Cornell University alumni]] [[Category:League of Nations people]] [[Category:Writers from Houston]] [[Category:Politicians from New York City]] [[Category:Businesspeople from Texas]] [[Category:Texas Democrats]] [[Category:Woodrow Wilson administration personnel]] [[Category:Death in New York (state)]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Houston, Texas)]] [[Category:American planters]] [[Category:American people of English descent]] [[Category:19th-century American businesspeople]] [[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American diplomats]]'