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{{Islam}}
'''Umm Kulthūm bint 'Alī''' ({{lang-ar|أُمّ كُلْثُوم بِنْت عَلِيّ|link=}}), also known as '''Zaynab al-Ṣughrā''' ({{lang-ar|زَيْنَب ٱلصُّغْرَىٰ|lit=the junior Zaynab|link=no}}), was the youngest daughter of [[Fatima]] and [[Ali|Ali ibn Abi Talib]]. The former was the daughter of the [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] and the latter was his cousin. Ali is also recognized as the fourth [[Rashidun Caliphate|Rashidun caliph]] ({{Reign|656|661}}) and the first [[Imamate in Shia doctrine|Shia imam]]. A young Umm Kulthum lost her grandfather and mother in 632 [[Common Era|CE]]. While she was still a child, the second Rashidun caliph [[Umar|Umar ibn al-Khattab]] ({{Reign|634|644}}) asked for her hand in marriage, which was resisted by Umm Kulthum and her father Ali, possibly due to Umar's reputation for harsh treatment of women. By one [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] account, Ali finally agreed to the marriage when Umar enlisted the support of prominent [[Muslims]] for his proposal.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}
Umm Kulthum survived the [[Battle of Karbala]] in 680, where her brother [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn]] and most of her male relatives were massacred by the forces of the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad caliph]] [[Yazid I|Yazid ibn Mua'awiya]] ({{Reign|680|683}}). Women and children in Husayn's camp were taken captive after the battle and marched to [[Kufa]] and then the Umayyad capital [[Damascus]]. A public speech ascribed to Umm Kulthum in Kufa condemns Yazid, defends Husayn, and chastises the Kufans for their role in his death. She was later freed and returned to her hometown [[Medina]].
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