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[[File:UKUSA Map.svg|thumb|450px|The [[UKUSA Community]]: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States]]
The '''United Kingdom – United States of America Agreement''' ('''UKUSA''', {{IPAc-en|juː|k|uː|ˈ|s|ɑː}} {{respell|ew-koo|SAH|'}})<ref>{{cite press release|title=Declassified UKUSA Signals Intelligence Agreement Documents Available|url=http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/press_room/2010/ukusa.shtml|publisher=[[National Security Agency]]|date=24 June 2010|accessdate=25 June 2010}}</ref><ref>Also known as the ''Quadripartite Agreement'' or ''Quadripartite Pact'' ({{citation |last=EPIC, Privacy International |year=2002 |title=Privacy and Human Rights 2002: An International Survey of Privacy Rights and Developments| publisher=Epic, 2002 |isbn=1-893044-16-5|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=EPxnexrywuAC&dq=Quadripartite+Agreement+(1947)+signals+intelligence&q=Quadripartite+Agreement#search_anchor 100]}})</ref>
is a multilateral agreement for cooperation in [[signals intelligence]] between [[Australia]], [[Canada]], [[New Zealand]], the [[United Kingdom]], and the [[United States]]. The alliance of intelligence operations is also known as the [[Five Eyes]].<ref name="fiveeyes1"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Paul Farrell|title=History of 5-Eyes – explainer|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/02/history-of-5-eyes-explainer|publisher=''[[The Guardian]]''|accessdate=28 December 2013|date=2 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=McGregor|first=Richard|title=Global Insight: US spying risks clouding ‘five eyes’ vision|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/d0873f38-d1c5-11e2-9336-00144feab7de.html|publisher=''[[Financial Times]]''|accessdate=30 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ben Grubb|title=Mission almost impossible: keeping a step ahead of prying 'Five Eyes'|url=http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/mission-almost-impossible-keeping-a-step-ahead-of-prying-five-eyes-20131015-2vky7.html|publisher=''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]''|accessdate=21 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Gurney|first=Matt|title=Canada Navy Spy Case|url=http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2012/03/28/matt-gurney-despite-their-annoyance-the-u-s-shouldnt-hold-spy-against-canada/|publisher=''National Post''|accessdate=13 August 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130813212738/http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2012/03/28/matt-gurney-despite-their-annoyance-the-u-s-shouldnt-hold-spy-against-canada/|archivedate=13 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In classification markings this is abbreviated as FVEY, with the individual countries being abbreviated as AUS, CAN, NZL, GBR, and USA, respectively.<ref>Top Level Telecommunications, [http://electrospaces.blogspot.com/2013/11/five-eyes-9-eyes-and-many-more.html#cfbl-network Five Eyes, 9-Eyes and many more], 15 November 2013</ref>
Emerging from an informal agreement related to the 1941 [[Atlantic Charter]], the [[secret treaty]] was renewed with the passage of the [[1943 BRUSA Agreement]], before being officially enacted on 5 March 1946 by the United Kingdom and the United States. In the following years, it was extended to encompass Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Other countries, known as "third parties", such as [[West Germany]], the Philippines, and several [[Nordic countries]] also joined the UKUSA community.<ref name="Guardian 2010"/><ref name="Gallagher 2014-06-18">{{cite web|last=Gallagher |first= Ryan|title=How Secret Partners Expand NSA’s Surveillance Dragnet|url=https://firstlook.org/theintercept/article/2014/06/18/nsa-surveillance-secret-cable-partners-revealed-rampart-a|publisher=The Intercept|date=2014-06-19|accessdate=2014-09-27}}</ref>
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;1976: In Britain, an investigative article in ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]'' magazine revealed the existence of the [[Government Communications Headquarters]] (GCHQ).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/aug/21/surveillance-secrecy-gchq|title=Surveillance secrecy: the legacy of GCHQ's years under cover |work=The Guardian |date=21 August 2013 |accessdate=30 November 2013 |author=Norton-Taylor, Richard |quote=GCHQ's cover was first blown in 1976 by an article, The Eavesdroppers, published by the London magazine, Time Out.}}</ref>
;1977: In Australia, the [[Hope Commission]] revealed the existence of [[Australian Secret Intelligence Service]] (ASIS) and the [[Defence Signals Directorate]] (DSD).<ref>{{cite web|title=Royal Commission on Intelligence and Security|url=http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/media/images/rcis/index.aspx|publisher=[[National Archives of Australia]]|accessdate=2 February 2014|quote=But Justice Hope also investigated the Joint Intelligence Organisation (JIO), the Defence Signals Division (DSD) and the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS) whose existence was not officially confirmed until 1977.}}</ref>
;1980: In New Zealand, the existence of the [[Government Communications Security Bureau]] (GCSB) was officially disclosed on a "limited basis".<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the GCSB|url=http://www.gcsb.govt.nz/about-us/history.html|publisher=[[Government Communications Security Bureau]]|accessdate=2 February 2014|quote=In 1977, the then Prime Minister, Robert Muldoon, approved the formation of the GCSB, but its functions and activities were kept secret. In 1980 it was decided that the existence of the GCSB could be disclosed on a limited basis, leading to the first briefings of the Cabinet and the Leader of the Opposition.|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817045611/http://www.gcsb.govt.nz/about-us/history.html|archivedate=17 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
In 1999, the Australian government acknowledged that it "does co-operate with counterpart signals intelligence organisations overseas under the UKUSA relationship."<ref>{{cite web|author1=Duncan Campbell |author2=Mark Honigsbaum |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Britain and US spy on world|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/may/23/duncancampbell.markhonigsbaum|work=[[The Observer]]|accessdate=19 December 2013|date=23 May 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=NZ role with global spying alliance|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=7168|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|accessdate=30 January 2014|date=30 June 2000}}</ref>
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=== Five Eyes ===
{{main|Five Eyes}}
The '''"Five Eyes"''', often abbreviated as "'''FVEY'''", refer to an [[Intelligence assessment|intelligence]] alliance comprising Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. These countries are bound by the multilateral UKUSA Agreement, a treaty for joint cooperation in [[signals intelligence]].<ref name="fiveeyes1">{{cite web|last=Cox|first=James|title=Canada and the Five Eyes Intelligence Community|url=http://www.cdfai.org/PDF/Canada%20and%20the%20Five%20Eyes%20Intelligence%20Community.pdf|publisher=[[Canadian Defence and Foreign Affairs Institute]]|date=December 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140205220700/http://www.cdfai.org/PDF/Canada%20and%20the%20Five%20Eyes%20Intelligence%20Community.pdf|archivedate=5 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Five Eyes|url=http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/call/thesaurus/toc.asp?id=37622|publisher=[[United States Army Combined Arms Center]]|accessdate=18 January 2014|archivedate=18 January 2014
====Australia====
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''It does not matter how senior you are, and how close a friend you think you are to [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] or London, your communications could easily be being shared among the handful of [[White people|white]], [[Anglosphere|English-speaking]] nations with membership privileges.''<ref>{{cite web|last=Julian Borger|title=Merkel spying claim: with allies like these, who needs enemies?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/23/merkel-nsa-phone-allies-enemies|publisher=''[[The Guardian]]''|accessdate=23 October 2013}}</ref> }}
In 2013, Canadian federal judge [[Richard Mosley]] strongly rebuked the [[Canadian Security Intelligence Service]] ('''CSIS''') for outsourcing its surveillance of Canadians to overseas partner agencies. A 51-page ruling says that the CSIS and other Canadian federal agencies are illegally enlisting U.S. and British allies in [[global surveillance]] dragnets, while keeping domestic federal courts in the dark.<ref>{{cite news|last=Colin Freeze|title=Canada's spy agencies chastised for duping courts|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/canadas-spy-agencies-chastised-for-duping-courts/article16081238/|accessdate=27 December 2013|newspaper=''[[The Globe and Mail]]''|date=20 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ian MacLeod|title=CSIS asked foreign agencies to spy on Canadians, kept court in dark, judge says|url=http://www.ottawacitizen.com/news/CSIS+asked+foreign+agencies+Canadians+kept+court+dark+judge+says/9312615/story.html|publisher=''[[Ottawa Citizen]]''|accessdate=27 December 2013|date=20 December 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222085228/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/news/CSIS%2Basked%2Bforeign%2Bagencies%2BCanadians%2Bkept%2Bcourt%2Bdark%2Bjudge%2Bsays/9312615/story.html|archivedate=22 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Stewart Bell|title=Court rebukes CSIS for secretly asking international allies to spy on Canadian terror suspects travelling abroad|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/11/25/court-rebukes-csis-for-secretly-asking-international-allies-to-spy-on-canadian-terror-suspects/|publisher=''[[National Post]]''|accessdate=27 December 2013|date=25 November 2013}}</ref>
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== List of global surveillance programs ==
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