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m replace <*: Homophones: cast, caste (in some non-rhotic accents)> with <*: {{hmp|en|cast|caste|aa=non-rhotic,trap-bath split}}> (clean up English pronunciations (manually assisted))
 
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{{also|Karst|kärṣt-|kärst-}}
==English==
{{was wotd|2010|January|18}}
 
===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|en|de|Karst}}. The German term and the {{etylder|en|sl|en-}} placename {{m|sl|Kras}} (the [[{{w:Kras|Karst Plateau]] (Italy-Slovenia)|Karst havePlateau}}) aare commonfrom origin in [[w:Italo{{der|en|sla-Dalmatianpro|*korsъ}}, languagesfrom {{der|Italoen|roa-Dalmatian Romance]]itd}} ''carsus'' (cf. {{cog|it|carso}}), possibly from {{der|en|ine-pro||*ker-|t=hard; therock}}.<ref>Gams, [[w:MetathesisI., Kras v Sloveniji — v prostoru in casu (linguistics)|metathesis]]Karst in theSlovenia Slovenein termspace precludesand Germantime), borrowing2003</ref> fromMore Sloveneat [[w:Karst#Etymology|Karst]].
 
The {{glossary|metathesis}} in the Slovene term precludes German borrowing from Slovene.
 
===Pronunciation===
* {{a|UK}} {{enPR|käst|a=RP}}, {{IPA|en|/kɑːst/}}
* {{a|US}} {{enPR|kärst|a=GA}}, {{IPA|en|/kɑɹst/}}
* {{audio|en|en-au-karst.ogg|Audio (a=AU)}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɑː(rɹ)st|s=1}}
*: Homophones: [[{{hmp|en|cast]], [[|caste]] (in |aa=non-rhotic,trap-bath accents)split}}
 
===Noun===
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# {{lb|en|geology}} A type of [[land]] [[formation]], usually with many [[cave]]s formed through the dissolving of [[limestone]] by [[underground]] [[drainage]].
#* '''{{quote-journal|en|year=1978''', |author=M. M. Sweeting, “The|title=The Karst of Kweilin, Southern China,” ''|journal=The Geographical Journal|volume=144|number=2|page=200|text=In the time available to us on our geomorphological tour we were not able to see the higher and younger '''karsts''', vol.of 144,Kweichow no.and 2,Yunnan pand Kunming. 200:}}
#*: {{quote-web|en|date=May 29 2009|title=Katherine Harmon|work=Top 10 New Species Discovered in 2008|url=ScientificAmerican.com|text=The shells are just 0.04 inch (one millimeter) long and were found on a '''karst''' formation where conditions are damp, but the snails that inhabit them have yet to be observed.}}▼
#*: In the time available to us on our geomorphological tour we were not able to see the higher and younger '''karsts''' of Kweichow and Yunnan and Kunming.
#* '''2009''', Katherine Harmon, “Top 10 New Species Discovered in 2008,” ''ScientificAmerican.com'', May 29, 2009:
▲#*: The shells are just 0.04 inch (one millimeter) long and were found on a '''karst''' formation where conditions are damp, but the snails that inhabit them have yet to be observed.
 
====Derived terms====
*{{l|en|karst spring}}
* {{l|en|karstic}}
* {{l|en|karstology}}
* {{l|en|thermokarst}}
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* Belarusian: {{t|be|карст}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|карст}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|carst|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|巖溶|tr=ngām<sup>4</sup>yung<sup>4</sup>|sc=Hani}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|岩溶|tr=[[yánróng]]|sc=Hani}}, {{t+|cmn|喀斯特|tr=[[kāsite]]|sc=Hani}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|kras|m}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|karst|m}}
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* French: {{t+|fr|karst|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Karst|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|karszt}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|karst|n}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|carso|m}}▼
{{trans-mid}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|carst|m}}, {{t|ga|boireann|f}}
▲* Italian: {{t+|it|carso|m}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|カルスト|tr=karusuto}}
* Khmer: {{t-needed|km}}
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* Macedonian: {{t|mk|карст|m}}
* Norwegian: {{t|no|karstlandskap|n}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|kras|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|carso|m}}, {{t|pt|carste|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|карст|m}}
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* Tagalog: {{t|tl|karst}}
* Thai: {{t-needed|th}}
* Vietnamese: {{t|vi|các-neededxtơ}}, {{t|vi|các-tơ}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|carst|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}
 
===References===
<References/>
 
===Further reading===
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===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=akrst|Stark|Trask|karts|skart|stark}}
 
----
 
==Dutch==
{{wp|karst (geografie)|lang=nl}}
 
===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|nl|de|Karst}}.
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===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/kɑrst/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-karst.ogg|Audio}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|karst}}
* {{rhyme|nl|ɑrst}}
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====Derived terms====
* {{l|nl|karstbron}}
 
----
 
==French==
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===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-T. Le Berre-karst.wav}}
 
===Noun===
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===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}
 
----
 
==Icelandic==
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===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|is|/kʰar̥st/}}
* {{rhymes|is|ar̥st|s=1}}
 
===Noun===
{{is-noun|n|karsts|-}}
 
# {{lb|is|geology}} [[#English{{l|en|karst]]}}
 
====Declension====
{{is-decl-noun-n-s|k|a|rst|pl=-}}
 
==Old High German==
----
 
===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|goh|carsc|kars}}
 
===Etymology===
{{unk|goh}}; perhaps from a {{inh|goh|gmw-pro|*karsk}}, {{m|gmw-pro|*karst}} related to {{m|goh|keren|t=to sweep}}, from {{der|goh|gem-pro|*karjaną}}.
 
===Noun===
{{goh-noun|m}}
 
# [[mattock]], [[hoe]]
 
====Declension====
{{goh-decl-noun-a-m|karst}}
 
====Descendants====
* {{desc|gmh|karst}}
** {{desc|gsw|Charst}}
** {{desc|gmw-cfr|Kaasch|Kaascht}}
**: {{desc|hrx|Kaarscht}}
**: Moselle Franconian: {{desc|gmw-cfr|Koascht|nolb=1}}
** {{desc|de|Karst|id=hoe}}
** {{desc|lb|Kaascht}}
** {{desc|gmw-rfr|Kaarsch|Kaarscht}}
**: {{desc|pfl|Kaarsch|Kaarscht}}
** {{desc|vmf|Koascht|Koaschd}}
 
==Spanish==
 
===Alternative forms===
* {{lalt|es|carst}}
 
===Etymology===
{{bor+|es|de|der}} {{m|de|Karst}}, name of a limestone region in Slovenia.
 
===Noun===
{{es-noun|m|karstes}}
 
# {{lb|es|geology}} [[#English{{l|en|karst]]}}
#: {{syn|es|malpaís}}
 
====Synonyms=Further reading===
* {{l|R:es|malpaís:DRAE}}
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