fio
Catalan
editPronunciation
editVerb
editfio
Esperanto
editΦφ | Previous: | upsilono |
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Next: | ĥio |
Etymology
editFrom Ancient Greek φῖ (phî, “the letter Φ”).
Pronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Nomen
editfio (accusative singular fion, plural fioj, accusative plural fiojn)
Galician
editVerb
editfio
- (reintegrationist norm) first-person singular present indicative of fiar
Italian
editEtymology
editFrom Old French fieu (“fief”), from Frankish *fehu, from Proto-Germanic *fehu, from Proto-Indo-European *péḱu (“livestock”).
Nomen
editfio m (plural fii)
Latin
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Italic *fuiō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”). Compare with fuī, originally the perfect of this verb but now attached to sum (“I am”); and constructions with -bō, -bam (e.g. amābō, placēbō, nocēbō, monēbam, audiēbam).
The past participle is that of the unrelated verb faciō (“I make, do”). In Latin faciō and fīō were treated as the active and passive equivalents of each other, an example of suppletion.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈfiː.oː/, [ˈfiːoː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈfi.o/, [ˈfiːo]
Note: the i in fi- is pronounced long, except when it is followed by er or en.
Verb
editfīō (present infinitive fierī, perfect active factus sum); third conjugation, semi-deponent
- passive of faciō
- (copulative) to become, be made
- Vōs ōrāmus ut discipulī ācerrimī fīātis ― We are begging you to become very keen students
- to happen, take place, result, arise
- Synonyms: interveniō, ēveniō, obveniō, expetō, obtingō, incurrō, accēdō, incidō, accidō, intercidō, contingō
- ut fit ― as happens usually/as is customary
- fit ut ― it happens that
- to appear
Usage notes
editThis verb ousted facior, facī in the sense of “to be made”; see also at its active counterpart faciō.
Conjugation
editWhile it does have a fourth conjugation pattern when conjugated, this verb has an irregular infinitive (fierī), and is therefore third conjugation.
Conjugation of fīō (third conjugation iō-variant, irregular long ī, suppletive in the supine stem, semi-deponent) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | fīō | fīs | fit | fīmus | fītis | fīunt |
imperfect | fīēbam | fīēbās | fīēbat | fīēbāmus | fīēbātis | fīēbant | |
future | fīam | fīēs | fīet | fīēmus | fīētis | fīent | |
perfect | factus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | factus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | factus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | fīam | fīās | fīat | fīāmus | fīātis | fīant |
imperfect | fierem | fierēs | fieret | fierēmus | fierētis | fierent | |
perfect | factus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | factus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | fī | — | — | fīte | — |
future | — | fītō | fītō | — | fītōte | fīuntō | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | fierī | factum esse | factum īrī | — | — | — | |
participles | — | factus | — | — | — | — | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
fiendī | fiendō | fiendum | fiendō | factum | factū |
Verb
editfīō
Related terms
editDescendants
edit- Balkan Romance: (blended with sum)
- Padanian:
- Old Italian: fire (northern)
- Borrowings:
- → English: fiat
References
edit- “fio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “fio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- fio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33)
- the world of sense, the visible world: res sensibus or oculis subiectae (De Fin. 5. 12. 36)
- what is the use of: quid attinet? with Infin.
- those ideas have long ago been given up: illae sententiae iam pridem explosae et eiectae sunt (Fin. 5. 8. 23)
- to give lectures: scholas habere, explicare (Fin. 2. 1. 1)
- subtleties of logic; dilemmas: disserendi spinae (Fin. 4. 28. 79)
- premises; consequences: prima (superiora); consequentia (Fin. 4. 19. 54)
- to let those present fix any subject they like for discussion: ponere iubere, qua de re quis audire velit (Fin. 2. 1. 1)
- to get a question submitted to one: quaestionem poscere (Fin. 2. 1. 1)
- native tongue; vernacular: sermo patrius (Fin. 1. 2. 4)
- to dedicate a book to some one: librum mittere ad aliquem (Fin. 1. 3. 8)
- kindheartedness: bonitas (Fin. 5. 29. 65)
- to be blinded by passions: cupiditatibus occaecari (Fin. 1. 10. 33)
- meagre diet: victus tenuis (Fin. 2. 28. 90)
- the main dish: caput cenae (Fin. 2. 8. 25)
- to live in solitude: in solitudine vivere (Fin. 3. 20. 65)
- an anecdote: narratiuncula, fabella (Fin. 5. 15)
- to prescribe in one's will: testamento aliquid cavere (Fin. 2. 31)
- banished from public life: gerendis negotiis orbatus (Fin. 5. 20. 57)
- the senate decrees to Africanus the honours of a triumph: triumphum senatus Africano decernit (Fin. 4. 9. 22)
- (ambiguous) to meet some one by chance: obvium or obviam esse, obviam fieri
- (ambiguous) what will become of him: quid illo fiet?
- (ambiguous) to become known, become a topic of common conversation (used of things): foras efferri, palam fieri, percrebrescere, divulgari, in medium proferri, exire, emanare
- (ambiguous) to be the talk of the town, a scandal: fabulam fieri
- (ambiguous) to become famous, distinguish oneself: clarum fieri, nobilitari, illustrari (not the post-classical clarescere or inclarescere
- (ambiguous) what will become of me: quid (de) me fiet? (Ter. Heaut. 4. 3. 37)
- (ambiguous) to have to pay a vow; to obtain one's wish: voti damnari, compotem fieri
- (ambiguous) what is going on? how are you getting on: quid agitur? quid fit?
- (ambiguous) as usually happens: ut fit, ita ut fit, ut fere fit
- (ambiguous) as usually happens: ut solet, ut fieri solet
- (ambiguous) the price of corn is going down: annona laxatur, levatur, vilior fit
- (ambiguous) what is your opinion: quid de ea re fieri placet?
- (ambiguous) a resolution of the senate (not opposed by a tribunicial veto) was made: senatus consultum fit (Att. 2. 24. 3)
- (ambiguous) some one is accused: aliquis reus fit (Fam. 13. 54)
- the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33)
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 146
- Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
Old Galician-Portuguese
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Latin fīlum. Cognate with Old Spanish filo and Old French fil.
Nomen
editfio m (plural fios)
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
editEtymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
editfio
Further reading
editPortuguese
editPronunciation
edit
Etymology 1
editInherited from Old Galician-Portuguese fio, from Latin fīlum. Compare Galician fío and Spanish filo, hilo.
Nomen
editfio m (plural fios)
- (textiles) thread
- string
- trickle (a very thin flow)
- fio de água ― water trickle
- fio de azeite ― olive oil drizzle
- edge (thin cutting side of a blade)
- Synonym: gume
- fio da navalha ― razor's edge
- (jewelry) chain
- (electronics) wire
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editEtymology 2
editSemantic loan from English thread.
Nomen
editfio m (plural fios)
Etymology 3
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
editfio
Etymology 4
editNomen
editfio m (plural fios, feminine fia, feminine plural fias or fia)
- Eye dialect spelling of filho, representing Caipira Portuguese.
- É, professora, meu fio não aguentou as gozações da mininada. Eu tentei fazê ele continuá, mas não teve jeito. Ele tava chateado demais.
- Welp, teacher, ma son couldn't handle the children's pranks. I tried ta make 'im stay there, but there was no talkin' him out of it. He was just too upset.
- Eye dialect spelling of filhos, representing Caipira Portuguese.
- (Can we date this quote?), Wulcino Teixeira de Carvalho, Bravuras E Bravatas De Um Caipira:
- Ele jurô pur Deus, pela sarvação da árma da mãe dele... [...] qui os fio dele pudia nascer tudo morto, se aquilo num fosse vredade... só aí qui uns gato-pingado resorvêro acriditar.
- He swore ta God, to the salvation o' the soul of his Ma... ... 'n that may his children all arrive stillborn if it wern't troo... only den did some very few people dicide to believe 'im.
Romansch
editEtymology
editFrom Late Latin fīcātum (“liver”), from Latin iecur fīcātum (“fig-stuffed liver”).
Nomen
editfio m (plural fios)
Synonyms
editSpanish
editPronunciation
editVerb
editfio
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
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- rm:Anatomy
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