ترک

See also: برگ, پرک, ترك, برك, برک, and ب ر ك

Malay

Nomen

ترک (plural ترک-ترک or ترک۲, informal 1st possessive ترککو, 2nd possessive ترکمو, 3rd possessive ترکڽ)

1. Jawi spelling of trak

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic تَرْك (tark).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [taɾk]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾk]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾk]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾk]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾk]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰæɹkʲ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾk]

Readings
Classical reading?	tark
Dari reading?	tark
Iranian reading?	tark
Tajik reading?	tark

Nomen

Dari	ترک
Iranian Persian
Tajik	тарк

تَرک • (tark)

1. exit, leaving
2. quitting, abandoning, renouncing

Derived terms

• ترک دادن (tark dâdan)
• ترک کردن (tark kardan, “to exit”)

 

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (twlk' /⁠Turk⁠/), from Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (t²ür²k̥).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [tuɾk]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊɾk]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊɾk]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊɾk]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰuɾk]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰoɹkʲ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰuɾk]

Readings
Classical reading?	turk
Dari reading?	turk
Iranian reading?	tork
Tajik reading?	turk

Nomen

Dari	ترک
Iranian Persian
Tajik	турк

تُرک • (tork) (plural تُرکان (torkân) or تُرک‌ها (tork-hâ) or اتراک (atrâk))

1. Turk, someone of Turkic ethnicity (not necessarily from Turkey, e.g. Iranian Azeris)

   مردمان ترک ― mardomân-e tork ― Turkic peoples

   • 2024 June 23, “مسعود پزشکیان در هر فرصتی بر تُرک بودن خود تأکید می‌کند”, in fararu.com‎^[1], Fararu:

     مسعود پزشکیان، وزیر سابق بهداشت و نماینده باسابقه تبریز، در طول مبارزات انتخاباتی ریاست جمهوری خود همواره بر تُرک بودن خود تاکید کرده است، همانطور که در طول دوران سیاسی خود بر این موضوع تاکید داشته است.

     mas'ud-e pezeškiyân, vazir-e sâbeq-e behdâšt va namâyande-ye bâ-sâbeqe-ye tabriz, dar tul-e mobârezât-e entexâbâti riyâsat-e jomhuri-ye xod hamvâre bar tork budan-e xod ta'kid karde ast, hamântowr ke dar tul-e dowrân-e siyâsi-ye xod bar in mowzu' ta'kid dâšte ast.

     Masoud Pezeshkian, the former Minister of Health and Tabriz's veteran representative [in Parliament], has always emphasized that he is an [Azeri] Turk throughout his presidential campaign, just as he has emphasized this fact throughout his political career.

2. (poetic) the beloved, often in imagery comparing the beloved to a beautiful but cruel Turkish warrior who sacks and plunders the lover's heart.
   • c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 3”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎^[2]:

     اگر آن ترک شیرازی به‌ دست‌ آرد دل ما را
     به خال هندویش بخشم سمرقند و بخارا را

     agar ān turk-i šērāzī ba dast ārad dil-i mā rā
     ba xāl-i hindūyaš baxšam samarqand u buxārā rā

     If that Shirazi Turk should take my heart within her hand,
     For her Indian [i.e. black] mole, I shall give Samarqand and Bukhārā.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

3. (poetic, figurative, archaic) planet; (especially) Mars (as the warrior planet, hence Turkish)

   ترک چرخ ― tork-e čarx ― Mars (literally, “the Turk of heaven”)

Alternative forms

• تورک (turk)

Derived terms

• ترک چشم (tork-čašm)
• ترکتاز (torktâz)
• ترکستان (torkestân)
• ترکستانی (torkestâni)
• ترکی (torki)
• ترکیه (torkiye)

 

Descendants

• → Byzantine Greek: Τοῦρκος (Toûrkos)
  • Greek: Τούρκος (Toúrkos)
  • → Medieval Latin: Turcus
    • → Old French: Turc
      • French: Turc
      • → Middle English: Turke, Turc, Turk
        • English: Turk
  • ⇒ Medieval Latin: Turcia (see there for further descendants)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: तुर्क (turk)

  Urdu: تُرک (turk)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ta.ˈɾak]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ɾǽk]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ɾǽk]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ɾǽk]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ɾǽk]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰæ.ɹǽkʲ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ɾǽk]

Readings
Classical reading?	tarak
Dari reading?	tarak
Iranian reading?	tarak
Tajik reading?	tarak

Nomen

Dari	ترک
Iranian Persian
Tajik	тарак

تَرَک • (tarak)

1. crack, crevice

Verb

ترک • (tarak)

1. present stem form of ترکیدن (tarakidan, “to crack, to explode”)

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “ترک”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

Punjabi

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /t̪ᵊɾək.kə̆/, [t̪ᵊɾɐk.kə̆]

Nomen

تْرَکّ • (trakk) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਤਰੱਕ)

1. mess, dump

   Synonym: کِھلارا (khilārā)

2. (literally) decomposed or burnt leftovers

Further reading

• “%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95”, in Punjabipedia [ਪੰਜਾਬੀਪੀਡੀਆ] (in Punjabi), Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024

Urdu

Etymology

From Classical Persian تُرک (turk), or conversely through Chagatai.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /t̪ʊɾk/

Nomen

تُرک • (turk) m or f (Hindi spelling तुर्क)

1. a Turkic person; a speaker of a Turkic language, or bearer of Turkic heritage
2. a Turkish person; a citizen of Turkey

Derived terms

• ترکی (turkī)
• تُرک چَشم (turk-caśm, “striking eyes; warlike eyes; eyes of army men”)
• تُرکِستان (turkistān)
• تُرکِستانِی (turkistānī)