ḥrj

See also: ḫrj and ẖrj

Egyptian

Etymology 1

ḥr (“upon”) +‎ -j (“nisba ending”).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ħaˈɾij/ → /ħaˈɾij/ → /ħəˈɾej/ → /ħəˈɾej/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħaˈɾij/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħaˈɾij/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħəˈɾej/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħəˈɾej/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛri/
  • Conventional anglicization: heri

Adjective

1. upper, being above, lying upon

Inflection

Declension of ḥrj (nisba adjective)

	masculine	feminine
singular	ḥrj	ḥrt
dual	ḥrjwj, ḥrwj	ḥrtj
plural	ḥrjw, ḥrw	ḥrwt1, ḥrt2
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥrj  

ḥrj	ḥr	ḥrj

Derived terms

• pr ḥrj
• ḥrj jb
• ḥrj-tp
• ḥrt

 

Noun

 m

1. supervisor, boss [since the middle Kingdom]

Inflection

Declension of ḥrj (masculine)

singular	ḥrj
dual	ḥrjwj
plural	ḥrjw

Alternative forms

See under the adjective above.

Derived terms

• ḥrj-wḏb
• ḥrj-pr
• ḥrj-pḏt
• ḥrj-sštꜣ

 

Descendants

• Demotic: (ḥry)
  • → Ancient Greek: ρι- (ri-), φρι- (phri-)

Etymology 2

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) distant
2. (intransitive) to fly off (to the sky)

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥrj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ḥr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḥrt, ḥrj	ḥrw, ḥr	ḥrt, ḥrwt, ḥryt	ḥr	ḥr, ḥry

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḥr8	ḥr ḥrt, ḥr ḥrj	m ḥrt, m ḥrj	r ḥrt, r ḥrj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	ḥr.n	consecutive	ḥr.jn
terminative	ḥrt, ḥryt
perfective3	ḥr	obligative1	ḥr.ḫr
imperfective	ḥr, ḥry
prospective3	ḥrw, ḥr, ḥry	potentialis1	ḥr.kꜣ
subjunctive	ḥr, ḥry

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	ḥr.n	—	—
perfective	ḥrw1, ḥry, ḥr	ḥr	ḥry, ḥr
imperfective	ḥr, ḥry, ḥrw5	ḥr, ḥrj6, ḥry6	ḥr, ḥrw5
prospective	ḥrw1, ḥry, ḥr, ḥrtj7	ḥrwtj1 4, ḥrtj4, ḥrt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Derived terms

• sḥrj

Descendants

• Demotic: ⁠⁠⁠ (ḥl)
  • Coptic: ϩⲱⲗ (hōl)

Etymology 3

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to inspire dread or terror; to be(come) awesome or terrible
2. (transitive) to dread
3. (transitive) to anticipate

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥrj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ḥr, geminated stem: ḥrr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḥrt, ḥrj	ḥrw, ḥr	ḥrt, ḥrwt, ḥryt	ḥr	ḥr, ḥry

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḥr8, ḥrr8	ḥr ḥrt, ḥr ḥrj	m ḥrt, m ḥrj	r ḥrt, r ḥrj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḥr.n	ḥrw, ḥr, ḥry	consecutive	ḥr.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḥrt, ḥryt
perfective3	ḥr	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ḥr.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḥr, ḥry	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḥrw, ḥr, ḥry	ḥrw, ḥr, ḥry	potentialis1	ḥr.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḥr, ḥry	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḥr.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḥrw1, ḥry, ḥr	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḥr	ḥry, ḥr
imperfective	ḥrr, ḥrry, ḥrrw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḥrr, ḥrrj6, ḥrry6	ḥrr, ḥrrw5
prospective	ḥrw1, ḥry, ḥr, ḥrtj7	—	ḥrwtj1 4, ḥrtj4, ḥrt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 133.1–136.6, 141.14–142.2, 144–146.5, 146.13, 147.11–147.13
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 174–176
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 91, 148, 262, 270.