User:Dan Polansky/Prefix
Translingual
editPrefixes and prepositions:
- Should "ad-" be considered a prefix in Latin, given "ad" is a standalone preposition?
- EncycloPetey: rather not.
- A consequence of denying the status of prefix to "ad-": terms combined from "ad" get classified as compounds.
- In Czech, many things considered to be prefixes have a corresponding preposition: před-, nad-, pod-, v-, od-, etc.
- Should "vlézt" be considered a compound in Czech? My take: no.
- In German, equally, many things considered to be prefixes have a corresponding preposition: auf-, an-, zu-, mit-, vor-, etc.
- Should "aufmachen" be considered a compound in German? My take: no.
Englisch
editPrepositions
editEnglish prefixes corresponding to prepositions (are they really prefixes or are they rather pseudo-prefixes?):
- under and under-; understand, undergo, underpay
- over and over-; overdo, overcautious, overwork
- out and out-; outsmart, outrun, outcast
- in and in-; intake, inbreed, inbound
- off and off-: offsite, offshoot, offshore
- on and on-: onset, ongoing, onboard, onfield, online, onlooking, onrushing, onscreen
Adverbs
editEnglish prefixes (or pseudo-ones) corresponding to adverbs:
Czech
editPrepositions
editCzech prefixes corresponding to prepositions:
- na and na-
- pod and pod-
- nad and nad-
- do and do-
- v and v-
- při and při-
- mezi and mezi-
- bez and bez-
- za and za-
Czech prefixes not corresponding to prepositions:
- roz-
- vy-
Notes:
- The sameness of form alone seems not to guarantee semantic correspondence
- "u" (at, near to) and "u-" (complete the action with an irreversible result, "utopit", "utrhnout").
- Citations missing
German
editPrepositions
editGerman prefixes corresponding to prepositions:
- ab and ab-
- auf and auf-
- an and an-
- bei and bei-
- durch and durch-
- mit and mit-
- nach and nach-
- unter and unter-
- um and um-
- über and über-
- vor and vor-
- zu and zu-
Adverbs
editGerman prefixes corresponding to adverbs (correctness unclear; see the notes below):
- da and da-
- her and her-
- herbei and herbei- (herbei-'s prefixhood is questioned by Prince Kassad)
- herab and herab-
- heran and heran-
- heraus and heraus-
- herein and herein-
- herum and herum-
- herunter and herunter-
- hin and hin-
- nieder and nieder-
- voran and voran-
- voraus and voraus-
- vorbei and vorbei- (vorbeikommen, vorbeilaufen)
- vorher and vorher-
- weg and weg-
- zurück and zurück-
- zusammen and zusammen-
Are these really prefixes? But also, are these really standalone adverbs rather than things always ocurring as part of a separable verb?
Whether these are prefixes or not, they combine with verbs to create separable verbs, such as "heranziehen" used as "Ich ziehe heran".
Secure prefixes
editPrefixes that seem secure from being accused of non-prefixhood:
- be- ("bestellen")
- dar- ("darstellen")
- ent- ("entsprechen")
- er- ("erzeugen")
- un- ("unglaublich")
- wider- ("widerspiegeln")
- zer- ("zerlegen")
Other
editOther prefixes or pseudo-prefixes:
Greek
editModern Greek candidate prefixes corresponding to prepositions:
Latin
editPrefixes vs prepositions in Latin:
- dis- in "discerno" is a prefix; “discern”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- "ad" in "adverbium", however, is considered a standalone preposition, both by EncycloPetey and Century 1911, as Century 1911 writes "ad" + "verbium" instead of "ad-" + "verbium"; “adverb”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.