Wiktionary:Sindhi transliteration

These are the rules concerning transliteration in Sindhi entries. The transliteration of Devanagari for Sindhi corresponds mostly to the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration, while transcriptions of phonemes unique to Sindhi adhere to R. L. Turner's A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages.

Perso-Arabic

No.	Letter	Name of letter	Transcription	IPA
1	ا, آ	ʾalif	ā, ', –	/aː, ʔ/, ∅
2	ب	be	b	/b/
3	ٻ	ḇe	ḇ	/ɓ/
4	ڀ	bhe	bh	/bʱ/
5	ت	te	t	/t̪/
6	ٺ	the	th	/t̪ʰ/
7	ٽ	ṭe	ṭ	/ʈ/
8	ٺ	ṭhe	ṭh	/ʈʰ/
9	ث	se	s	/s/
10	پ	pe	p	/p/
11	ج	jīm	j	/d͡ʒ/
12	ڄ	j̄īm	j̄	/ʄ/
13	جھ	jhīm	jh	/d͡ʒʱ/
14	ڃ	ñe	ñ	/ɲ/
15	چ	ce	c	/t͡ʃ/
16	ڇ	che	ch	/t͡ʃʰ/
17	ح	he	h	/ɦ/
18	خ	xe	x	/x/
19	د	dāl	d	/d̪/
20	ڌ	dhāl	dh	/d̪ʱ/
21	ڊ	ḍāl	ḍ	/ɖ/
22	ڏ	ḍ̠āl	ḍ̠	/ɗ/
23	ڍ	ḍhāl	ḍh	/ɖʱ/
24	ذ	zāl	z	/z/
25	ر	re	r	/r/
26	ڙ	ṛe	ṛ	/ɽ/
27	ز	ze	z	/z/
28	س	sīn	s	/s/
29	ش	śīn	ś	/ʃ/
30	ص	su'ād	s	/s/
31	ض	zu'ād	z	/z/
32	ط	to'e	t	/t/
33	ظ	zo'e	z	/z/
34	ع	ʿain	ā, o, e, ',	/aː, oː, eː, ʔ/, ∅
35	غ	ġain	ġ	/ɣ/
36	ف	fe	f	/f/
37	ڦ	phe	ph	/pʰ/
38	ق	qāf	q	/q/
39	ڪ	kāf	k	/k/
40	ک	khāf	kh	/kʰ/
41	گ	gāf	g	/ɡ/
42	ڳ	g̠āf	g̠	/ɠ/
43	گهہ‎	ghāf	gh	/ɡʱ/
42	ڱ‎	ṅe	ṅ	/ŋ/
43	ل	lām	l	/l/
44	م	mīm	m	/m/
45	ن	nūn	n, ◌̃	/n, ◌̃/
46	ڻ‎	ṇūn	ṇ	/ɳ/
47	و	va'o	v, u, o, au, ū	/ʋ, ʊ, oː, ɔː, uː/
48	ء	hamzā	', –	/ʔ/, Ø
49	ى	ye	y, ī, e	/j, iː, eː/
52	ه	he	h	/ɦ/ or /h/
51	ھ	do caśmī he	h	/ʰ/ or /ʱ/

Devanagari

Vowels

		1	2	3	4	5	6
short	independent	अ	इ	उ	ऋ	ए	ओ
	diacritic	inherent	ि	ु	ृ	े	ो
	trans.	a	i	u	ŕ	e	o
	IPA	[ə]	[ɪ]	[ʊ]	[rɪ]	[eː]	[oː]
long	independent	आ	ई	ऊ		ऐ	औ
	diacritic	ा	ी	ू		ै	ौ
	trans.	ā	ī	ū		ai	au
	IPA	[ɑː]	[iː]	[uː]		[ɛː]	[ɔː]

Consonants

		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
velar	deva.	क	ख	ग	ॻ	घ	ङ			ह
	trans.	k	kh	g	g̠	gh	ṅ			h
	IPA	[k]	[kʰ]	[ɡ]	[ɠ]	[ɡʱ]	[ŋ]			[h]/[ɦ]
palatal	deva.	च	छ	ज	ॼ	झ	ञ	य	श
	trans.	c	ch	j	j̄	jh	ñ	y	ś
	IPA	[tʃ]	[tʃʰ]	[dʒ]	[ɟ]	[dʒʱ]	[ɲ]	[j]	[ʃ]
retroflex	deva.	ट	ठ	ड	ॾ	ढ	ण	र	ष
	trans.	ṭ	ṭh	ḍ	ḍ̠	ḍh	ṇ	r	ṣ
	IPA	[ʈ]	[ʈʰ]	[ɖ]	[ɖɦ]	[ɖʱ]	[ɳ]	[ɾ]	[ʂ]
dental	deva.	त	थ	द		ध	न	ल	स
	trans.	t	th	d		dh	n	l	s
	IPA	[t̪]	[t̪ʰ]	[d̪]		[d̪ʱ]	[n]	[l]	[s]
labial	deva.	प	फ	ब	ॿ	भ	म	व
	trans.	p	ph	b	ḇ	bh	m	v
	IPA	[p]	[pʰ]	[b]	[ɓ]	[bʱ]	[m]	[ʋ]/[v]/[w]

Diacritics

Nuqtā

The ़ (नुक़्ता, nuqtā) diacritic describes sounds not found in Sanskrit, and therefore not represented by standard Devanagari. Most of these sounds are found in Persian and English loanwords.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
deva.	क़	ख़	ग़	ज़	फ़	ड़	ढ़
trans.	q	x	ġ	z	f	ṛ	ṛh
IPA	[q]	[x]	[ɣ]	[z]	[f]	[ɽ]	[ɽʱ]

Anusvara

The (अनुस्वार, anusvara) is "transliterated" according to its context in a word. Basically, the consonant (or lack thereof) immediately following the nasal vowel determines exactly how the transliteration will occur.

1. First, a tilde diacritic is added to the nasalized vowel

   ã, ā̃, ẽ, ĩ, ī̃, ũ, ū̃, etc.

2. If a consonant follows the nasalized vowel, the transliteration of the consonant's corresponding nasal consonant follows.

   Gutturals (क, ख, ग, घ, ह) will use ṅ (for ङ)

   Dentals (त, थ, द, ध, ल, स) will use n (for न)

   Labials (प, फ, ब, भ, व) will use m (for म), etc.

   — 'n' and 'm' are disambiguated from न and म.