Wiktionary

bir

See also: BIR, Bir, and bír

Afar

edit
Temporal adverbs
Previous: ambóyra
Next: a bár

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈbir/ [ˈbɪɾ]
  • Hyphenation: bir

Adverb

edit

bír

  1. last night

Noun

edit

bír m 

  1. last night

Declension

edit
Declension of bír
absolutive bír
predicative bíri
subjective bír
genitive birtí
Postpositioned forms
l-case bíril
k-case bírik
t-case bírit
h-case bírih

References

edit
  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “bir”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 37
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Albanian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Albanian *bira, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (compare Old English byre, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂 (baur, “son”)).[1] Phonetically and semantically close to Messapic *bilia (“daughter”) and *biles (“son”), Matzinger reconstructs two different stems: pre-Albanian *bʰi-ro- and pre-Messapic *bʰi-lo-, both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become”); compare Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, “race, tribe”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

bir m (plural bij, definite biri, definite plural bijtë)

  1. son

Declension

edit
Declension of bir
indefinite definite
singular plural singular plural
nominative bir bij biri bijtë
accusative birin
dative biri bijve birit bijve
ablative bijsh

References

edit
  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “bir”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 26

Azerbaijani

edit
Other scripts
Cyrillic бир
Abjad بیر
Azerbaijani numbers (edit)
10
 ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: bir
    Ordinal: birinci

Etymology

edit

From Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bir (*bīr).[1]

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): [bir]
  • Audio:(file)

Numeral

edit

bir

  1. one

Derived terms

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bir (*bīr)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Bikol Central

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from English beer.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

bir

  1. beer
    Synonym: serbesa

Cimbrian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle High German bier, from Old High German bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą (“beer”). Cognate with German Bier, English beer. Doublet of bira.

Noun

edit

bir n

  1. (Luserna) beer

References

edit

Crimean Tatar

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).

Numeral

edit
Crimean Tatar cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir
    Ordinal : birinci

bir

  1. one

References

edit
  • Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎[3], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

Gagauz

edit
Gagauz cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir
    Ordinal : birinci

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).

Numeral

edit

bir

  1. one

Iban

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from English beer.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

bir

  1. beer

Ili Turki

edit
Ili Turki cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr.

Numeral

edit

bir

  1. one

Indonesian

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from Dutch bier.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

bir (first-person possessive birku, second-person possessive birmu, third-person possessive birnya)

  1. beer

Compounds

edit

Further reading

edit

Javanese

edit

Romanization

edit

bir

  1. Romanization of ꦧꦶꦂ

Jiiddu

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Afroasiatic *bir- (“to burn brightly”)

Noun

edit

bir

  1. lighting

References

edit
  • Ehret, Christopher (1995), Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, →ISBN, page 86

Karaim

edit
Karaim cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir
    Ordinal : birińči

Numeral

edit

bir

  1. one

References

edit
  1. dnathan.com

Malay

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from Dutch bier.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

bir (Jawi spelling بير, informal 1st possessive birku, 2nd possessive birmu, 3rd possessive birnya)

  1. beer
    Synonym: arak

Maltese

edit

Etymology

edit

From Arabic بِئْر (biʔr).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

bir m (plural bjar or birien, diminutive bwejra)

  1. well
    • 1970, Anton Buttigieg, “Il-Pjazza”, in Fl-Arena:
      Kulħadd jimxi, kollox lajma,
      jirkeb biss xi sinjur kbir:
      bini l-għatx u tawni nixrob
      minn ġos-satal fuq il-bir.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Middle English

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Old English byre (“strong wind, storm”).

Noun

edit

bir (plural birs)

  1. A strong or favorable wind.
  2. An armed assault or sally; a clash or encounter; a blow or stroke; an attack or affliction.
    • c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:
      A ᵹonge knight..suet to þe Duke With a bir on þe brest, þat backeward he ᵹode.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  3. Violence; strength; fury.
    • c. 1400, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight:
      With alle þe bur in his body he ber hit on lofte.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  4. An onrush, swiftness.
  5. A charge on an account.
    • 1415, Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham:
      Item in l bir de debito versus Rad'm Forster, 13 d.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

edit
  • English: birr

References

edit

Middle High German

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Old High German bira, from Vulgar Latin pira, plural of Latin pirum.

Noun

edit

bir f

  1. pear

Declension

edit
Declension of bir (feminine, weak)
singular plural
indef. def. noun def. noun
nominative einiu diu bir die birn
genitive einer dër birn dër birn
dative einer dër birn dën birn
accusative eine die birn die birn

Descendants

edit

Old Irish

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Proto-Celtic *beru.

Alternative forms

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

bir n (genitive bero or bera, nominative plural beura)[1]

  1. stake, spit, point; spear, spike
    • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 67b11
      beura glosses sudes (“stake”)
Declension
edit
Neuter u-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative birN, biur birL, biur beuraL, bira
Vocative birN, biur birL, biur beura
Accusative birN, biur birL, biur beura
Genitive beroH, beraH beroN, beraN beraeN
Dative biurL, biur beraib beraib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Derived terms
edit
Descendants
edit

Etymology 2

edit

From Proto-Celtic *beru, *beruro- (“spring, well”), said by Matasović to likely be related to *brutus (“fermentation, boiling heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.[2]

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

bir (gender unknown, genitive unattested, nominative plural beru)[3]

  1. water, spring, well
    • c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 158
      bir .i. uisce ... biror ⁊ inbir ⁊ tobur
      spring i.e. water ... watercress and rivermouth and well

Etymology 3

edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

·bir

  1. second-person singular present indicative conjunct of beirid

Mutation

edit
Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
bir bir
pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/ 		mbir
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

edit
  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bir (‘stake, spit’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “beruro- ‘watercress’”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 63
  3. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 bir (‘water, spring’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Romanian

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from Hungarian bér.

Noun

edit

bir n (plural biruri)

  1. tribute
  2. tax

Declension

edit
Declension of bir
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) bir birul (niște) bire birele
genitive/dative (unui) bir birului (unor) bire birelor
vocative birule birelor

Salar

edit
Salar cardinal numbers
 <  - 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr.

Pronunciation

edit
  • (Jiezi, Gaizi, Xunhua) IPA(key): [pəɹ]
  • (Chahandusi, Hanbahe, Jiezi, Gaizi, Dazhuang, Mengda, Xunhua, Ili, Samuyuzi, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA(key): [pir], [piɹ]
  • (Chahandusi, Ejia, Daowei, Xunhua) IPA(key): [per], [peɹ]

Numeral

edit

bir

  1. one

References

edit
  • 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985) “bir”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar]‎[4], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 14
  • Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “bir”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, pages 302, 444
  • 马伟 [Ma Wei], 朝克 [Chao Ke] (2014) “bir”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader]‎[5], 1st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Literature Press], →ISBN, page 115

Scottish Gaelic

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Interjection

edit

bir

  1. onomatopoeic alarm noise of a gannet when attacked at night

References

edit
  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “bir”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[6], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

Sumerian

edit

Romanization

edit

bir

  1. Romanization of 𒄵 (bir)

Tagalog

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from English beer.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

bir (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜇ᜔)

  1. (colloquial) beer
    Synonym: (dated or formal) serbesa

Derived terms

edit

Turkish

edit
Turkish numbers (edit)
10
 ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: bir
    Ordinal: birinci
    Distributive: birer

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /⁠bir⁠/).

Pronunciation

edit
  • Standard:
    • IPA(key): (all meanings) /bir/, [biɾ̞̊]
  • Colloquial:
    • IPA(key): (determiner and pronoun) /bɪ/, [bɪ]
    • IPA(key): (adjective) /bɪr/, [bɪr]
  • Audio:(file)

Numeral

edit

bir

  1. one

Adjective

edit

bir

  1. one

Adverb

edit

bir

  1. only, solely, merely

Determiner

edit

bir

  1. a, an
    Synonyms: (colloquial) bi', bi

Pronoun

edit

bir

  1. some

Noun

edit

bir (definite accusative biri, plural birler)

  1. mono
  2. single

Declension

edit
Inflection
Nominative bir
Definite accusative biri
Singular Plural
Nominative bir birler
Definite accusative biri birleri
Dative bire birlere
Locative birde birlerde
Ablative birden birlerden
Genitive birin birlerin
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular birim birlerim
2nd singular birin birlerin
3rd singular biri birleri
1st plural birimiz birlerimiz
2nd plural biriniz birleriniz
3rd plural birleri birleri
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular birimi birlerimi
2nd singular birini birlerini
3rd singular birini birlerini
1st plural birimizi birlerimizi
2nd plural birinizi birlerinizi
3rd plural birlerini birlerini
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular birime birlerime
2nd singular birine birlerine
3rd singular birine birlerine
1st plural birimize birlerimize
2nd plural birinize birlerinize
3rd plural birlerine birlerine
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular birimde birlerimde
2nd singular birinde birlerinde
3rd singular birinde birlerinde
1st plural birimizde birlerimizde
2nd plural birinizde birlerinizde
3rd plural birlerinde birlerinde
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular birimden birlerimden
2nd singular birinden birlerinden
3rd singular birinden birlerinden
1st plural birimizden birlerimizden
2nd plural birinizden birlerinizden
3rd plural birlerinden birlerinden
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular birimin birlerimin
2nd singular birinin birlerinin
3rd singular birinin birlerinin
1st plural birimizin birlerimizin
2nd plural birinizin birlerinizin
3rd plural birlerinin birlerinin
Predicative forms
Singular Plural
1st singular birim birlerim
2nd singular birsin birlersin
3rd singular bir
birdir 		birler
birlerdir
1st plural biriz birleriz
2nd plural birsiniz birlersiniz
3rd plural birler birlerdir

Further reading

edit
  • bir in Reverso (Turkish-English)

Turkmen

edit
Turkmen numbers (edit)
10
 ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: bir
    Ordinal: birinji

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).[1] Azerbaijani bir, Turkish bir.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /bɪɾ/
  • Hyphenation: bir

Numeral

edit

bir[2]

  1. one

Declension

edit
Declension of bir
singular plural
nominative bir birler
accusative biri birleri
genitive biriň birleriň
dative bire birlere
locative birde birlerde
ablative birden birlerden

References

edit
  1. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “bi:r”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 353
  2. ^ bir at Ene dilim

Uzbek

edit
Uzbek numbers (edit)
10
 ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: bir
    Ordinal: birinchi

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).

Pronunciation

edit

Numeral

edit

bir

  1. one

Volapük

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Reformed in the 1920s from bil, to make it more like its etymons.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

bir (nominative plural birs)

  1. beer

Declension

edit
declension of bir
singular plural
nominative bir birs
genitive bira biras
dative bire bires
accusative biri biris
vocative 1 o bir! o birs!
predicative 2 biru birus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=bir&oldid=80737882"