brón

See also: bron, broń, bróń, and bròn

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /bˠɾˠoːn̪ˠ/, [bˠɾˠõːn̪ˠ]
• (Aran) IPA^(key): /bˠɾˠoːn/
• (Cois Fharraige) IPA^(key): /bˠɾˠuːn̪ˠ/
• (Mayo, Ulster) IPA^(key): /bˠɾˠoːnˠ/, /bˠɾˠoːn̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish brón.

Nomen

brón m (genitive singular bróin)

1. sorrow

   Tá brón orm

   I'm sorry

   (literally, “Sorrow is on me”)

Declension

Declension of brón

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun) Case Singular Nominative brón Vocative a bhróin Genitive bróin Dative brón

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Nominative an brón Genitive an bhróin Dative leis an mbrón don bhrón

Derived terms

• brat bróin (“pall”)
• brónach (“sorrowful”, adjective)
• mo bhrón (“alas”)
• tá brón orm (“I'm sorry”)

Related terms

• brónaí f (“sorrowfulness”)

Verb

brón (present analytic brónann, future analytic brónfaidh, verbal noun brónadh, past participle brónta)

1. (transitive) grieve

   An ní nach bhfeiceann súil ní bhrónann croí. (proverb)

   What the eye sees not the heart rues not.

Conjugation

conjugation of brón (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	brónaim	brónann tú; brónair†	brónann sé, sí	brónaimid	brónann sibh	brónann siad; brónaid†	a bhrónann; a bhrónas / a mbrónann*; a mbrónas*	bróntar
	past	bhrón mé; bhrónas	bhrón tú; bhrónais	bhrón sé, sí	bhrónamar; bhrón muid	bhrón sibh; bhrónabhair	bhrón siad; bhrónadar	a bhrón / ar bhrón*	brónadh
	past habitual	bhrónainn / mbrónainn‡‡	bhróntá / mbróntᇇ	bhrónadh sé, sí / mbrónadh sé, s퇇	bhrónaimis; bhrónadh muid / mbrónaimis‡‡; mbrónadh muid‡‡	bhrónadh sibh / mbrónadh sibh‡‡	bhrónaidís; bhrónadh siad / mbrónaidís‡‡; mbrónadh siad‡‡	a bhrónadh / a mbrónadh*	bhróntaí / mbrónta퇇
future		brónfaidh mé; brónfad	brónfaidh tú; brónfair†	brónfaidh sé, sí	brónfaimid; brónfaidh muid	brónfaidh sibh	brónfaidh siad; brónfaid†	a bhrónfaidh; a bhrónfas / a mbrónfaidh*; a mbrónfas*	brónfar
conditional		bhrónfainn / mbrónfainn‡‡	bhrónfá / mbrónfᇇ	bhrónfadh sé, sí / mbrónfadh sé, s퇇	bhrónfaimis; bhrónfadh muid / mbrónfaimis‡‡; mbrónfadh muid‡‡	bhrónfadh sibh / mbrónfadh sibh‡‡	bhrónfaidís; bhrónfadh siad / mbrónfaidís‡‡; mbrónfadh siad‡‡	a bhrónfadh / a mbrónfadh*	bhrónfaí / mbrónfa퇇
subjunctive	present	go mbróna mé; go mbrónad†	go mbróna tú; go mbrónair†	go mbróna sé, sí	go mbrónaimid; go mbróna muid	go mbróna sibh	go mbróna siad; go mbrónaid†	—	go mbróntar
	past	dá mbrónainn	dá mbróntá	dá mbrónadh sé, sí	dá mbrónaimis; dá mbrónadh muid	dá mbrónadh sibh	dá mbrónaidís; dá mbrónadh siad	—	dá mbróntaí
imperative		brónaim	brón	brónadh sé, sí	brónaimis	brónaigí; brónaidh†	brónaidís	—	bróntar
verbal noun		brónadh
past participle		brónta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Descendants

• →⇒ Yola: murreen

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Nomen

brón

1. (dialectal, archaic) genitive singular of bró

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
brón	bhrón	mbrón
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “brón”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “brón”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “brón”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 51
• “brón”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
• Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 88

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”) (also reconstructible as *bruginos, *broginos, *brognos), of uncertain further origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-, from the root *gʷrewHǵʰ- (“to bite”) + *-nós, though the laryngeal makes this problematic; alternatively from *bʰreg- (“to break”) or another root.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /broːn/

Nomen

brón m (genitive bróin, no plural)

1. sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress, burden
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5^d25

     "brón caích bad brón dúibsi" glosses flete cum flentibus

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16^b8

     "ni far mbrón si ..." glosses contristati

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 129^c6

     "in brón" glosses mestitudinem

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	brón	brónL	bróinL
Vocative	bróin	brónL	brónuH
Accusative	brónN	brónL	brónuH
Genitive	bróinL	brón	brónN
Dative	brónL	brónaib	brónaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• brónach (“sorrowful, grieving, sad”)

Descendants

• Irish: brón
• Scottish Gaelic: bròn

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
brón	brón pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/	mbrón
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “brón”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 62