contribuer
Dalmatian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin contribuere, present active infinitive of contribuō.
Verb
editcontribuer
- to contribute
Conjugation
edit Conjugation of contribuer
French
editEtymology
editFrom Old French contribuir, borrowed from Latin contribuō.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editcontribuer
- to contribute
- Cet utilisateur peut contribuer avec un niveau élémentaire de français.
- This user can contribute with an elementary level of French.
- to help
- Ces pays contribuent à faire progresser le développement durable.
- These countries help advance sustainable development.
Conjugation
editConjugation of contribuer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | contribuer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | contribuant /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | contribué /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥe/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | contribue /kɔ̃.tʁi.by/ |
contribues /kɔ̃.tʁi.by/ |
contribue /kɔ̃.tʁi.by/ |
contribuons /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥɔ̃/ |
contribuez /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥe/ |
contribuent /kɔ̃.tʁi.by/ |
imperfect | contribuais /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥɛ/ |
contribuais /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥɛ/ |
contribuait /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥɛ/ |
contribuions /kɔ̃.tʁi.by.jɔ̃/ |
contribuiez /kɔ̃.tʁi.by.je/ |
contribuaient /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥɛ/ | |
past historic2 | contribuai /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥe/ |
contribuas /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥa/ |
contribua /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥa/ |
contribuâmes /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥam/ |
contribuâtes /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥat/ |
contribuèrent /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥɛʁ/ | |
future | contribuerai /kɔ̃.tʁi.by.ʁe/ |
contribueras /kɔ̃.tʁi.by.ʁa/ |
contribuera /kɔ̃.tʁi.by.ʁa/ |
contribuerons /kɔ̃.tʁi.by.ʁɔ̃/ |
contribuerez /kɔ̃.tʁi.by.ʁe/ |
contribueront /kɔ̃.tʁi.by.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | contribuerais /kɔ̃.tʁi.by.ʁɛ/ |
contribuerais /kɔ̃.tʁi.by.ʁɛ/ |
contribuerait /kɔ̃.tʁi.by.ʁɛ/ |
contribuerions /kɔ̃.tʁi.by.ʁjɔ̃/ |
contribueriez /kɔ̃.tʁi.by.ʁje/ |
contribueraient /kɔ̃.tʁi.by.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | contribue /kɔ̃.tʁi.by/ |
contribues /kɔ̃.tʁi.by/ |
contribue /kɔ̃.tʁi.by/ |
contribuions /kɔ̃.tʁi.by.jɔ̃/ |
contribuiez /kɔ̃.tʁi.by.je/ |
contribuent /kɔ̃.tʁi.by/ |
imperfect2 | contribuasse /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥas/ |
contribuasses /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥas/ |
contribuât /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥa/ |
contribuassions /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥa.sjɔ̃/ |
contribuassiez /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥa.sje/ |
contribuassent /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | - | - | - | ||||
simple | — | contribue /kɔ̃.tʁi.by/ |
— | contribuons /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥɔ̃/ |
contribuez /kɔ̃.tʁi.bɥe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- “contribuer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French
editEtymology
edit1340 contrebuer, 1370 contribuer. Borrowed from Latin contribuere, present active infinitive of contribuō, assimilated into the first conjugation group (regular -er suffixed verbs).
Verb
editcontribuer
- to contribute
- 1370, Oresme, Ethiques:
- […] selon la proporcion des pecunes qui furent contribuees.
- […] ccording to the proportion of the wealth contributed.
Conjugation
edit- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of contribuer
infinitive | simple | contribuer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | contribuant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past participle | contribué | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | contribue | contribues | contribue | contribuons | contribuez | contribuent |
imperfect | contribuois, contribuoys | contribuois, contribuoys | contribuoit, contribuoyt | contribuions, contribuyons | contribuiez, contribuyez | contribuoient, contribuoyent | |
past historic | contribua | contribuas | contribua | contribuasmes | contribuastes | contribuerent | |
future | contribuerai, contribueray | contribueras | contribuera | contribuerons | contribuerez | contribueront | |
conditional | contribuerois, contribueroys | contribuerois, contribueroys | contribueroit, contribueroyt | contribuerions, contribueryons | contribueriez, contribueryez | contribueroient, contribueroyent | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | contribue | contribues | contribue | contribuons | contribuez | contribuent |
imperfect | contribuasse | contribuasses | contribuast | contribuassions | contribuassiez | contribuassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | - | - | - | ||||
simple | — | contribue | — | contribuons | contribuez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
References
edit- contribuer on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)
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