kingdom

English

English Wikipedia has articles on:

kingdom (biology) and monarchy

Alternative forms

kingdome (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English kingdom, kyngdom, from Old English cyningdōm from Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz, equivalent to king +‎ -dom. Cognate with Scots kingdom, West Frisian keuningdom, Dutch koningdom, German Königtum, Danish kongedømme, Swedish kungadöme, and Icelandic konungdómur.

Etymology tree

Old English cyningdōm

Middle English kingdom

English kingdom

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: kĭng'dəm, IPA^(key): /ˈkɪŋdəm/
Audio (General American): (file)
Rhymes: -ɪŋdəm
Hyphenation: king‧dom

Noun

kingdom (plural kingdoms)

A realm having a king and/or queen as its actual or nominal sovereign.
A realm, region, or conceptual space where something is dominant.
the kingdom of thought

the kingdom of the dead
(taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below domain and above phylum; a taxon at that rank (e.g. the plant kingdom, the animal kingdom).

Synonyms

(realm): kingric (Britain dialectal, obsolete), riche (obsolete)
(taxonomic rank): regnum

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Translations

realm having as supreme ruler a king and/or queen

Acehnese: keurajeuën
Afrikaans: koninkryk (af)
Aghwan: 𐕞𐕡𐕀𐕒𐕡𐕎 (üwxun)
Albanian: mbretëria (sq) f, mretënía f (Gheg)
Arabic: مَمْلَكَة (ar) f (mamlaka)
Egyptian Arabic: مملكة f (mamlaka)
Aramaic:
Classical Syriac: ܡܠܟܘܬܐ f (malkūṯā)

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: מַלְכּוּתָא f (malkūṯā)
Armenian: թագավորություն (hy) (tʻagavorutʻyun), արքայություն (hy) (arkʻayutʻyun)
Aromanian: vãsilii f, amirãrilji f, duvleti f, crat n
Asturian: reinu (ast) m
Azerbaijani: krallıq (az), sultanlıq, padşahlıq
Basque: erresuma
Bavarian: Kinereich
Belarusian: карале́ўства n (karaljéŭstva), ца́рства n (cárstva)
Bengali: রাজ্য (bn) (rajjo), সালতানাত (bn) (saltanat), মুলুক (muluk)
Berber:
Tashelhit: tagldit f
Bikol Central: kahadean
Breton: rouantelezh (br) f
Bulgarian: кра́лство n (králstvo)
Burmese: တိုင်းပြည် (my) (tuing:prany)
Catalan: regne (ca) m
Chechen: элибахам (elibaxam), пачхьалкх (pačḥʳalq)
Chichewa: ufumu
Chinese:
Cantonese: 王國／王国 (wong⁴ gwok³)

Hokkien: 王國／王国 (zh-min-nan) (ông-kok)

Mandarin: 王國／王国 (zh) (wángguó), 君主國／君主国 (zh) (jūnzhǔguó)
Cornish: ruvaneth f
Czech: království (cs) n
Dalmatian: raigno m
Danish: kongerige (da) n, kongedømme n, rige
Dutch: koninkrijk (nl) n
Esperanto: reĝlando
Estonian: kuningriik (et)
Fala: reinu m
Faroese: kongsríki n
Finnish: kuningaskunta (fi)
French: royaume (fr) m
Friulian: ream m
Galician: reino (gl) m
Georgian: სამეფო (samepo)
German: Königreich (de) n, Königtum (de) n
Gothic: 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌹 f (þiudangardi)
Greek: βασίλειο (el) n (vasíleio), βασιλεία (el) f (vasileía)
Ancient: βασιλεία f (basileía)
Greenlandic: kunngeqarfik (kl)
Hawaiian: aupuni mōʻī
Hebrew: מַמְלָכָה (he) f (mamlakhá)
Hindi: राज्य (hi) m (rājya), बादशाहत (hi) f (bādśāhat), सल्तनत (hi) f (saltanat)
Hungarian: királyság (hu)
Hunsrik: Keenichreich n
Icelandic: konungsríki (is) n, konungsdæmi n, konungsveldi n
Ido: rejio (io)
Indonesian: kerajaan (id)
Irish: ríocht f
Italian: regno (it) m, reame (it) m
Japanese: 王国 (ja) (おうこく, ōkoku)
Kannada: ರಾಜ್ಯ (kn) (rājya)
Karelian: suarinmua
Kazakh: корольдік (koroldık), корольдық (koroldyq), бектік (bektık), патшалық (patşalyq)
Khmer: រាជាណាចក្រ (riəciənaacak), ចក្រភព (km) (cakkɑphup), នគរ (km) (nɔkɔɔ)
Korean: 왕국(王國) (ko) (wangguk)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: مەملەکەت (memleket)

Northern Kurdish: keyîtî (ku), qiralî (ku), padîşahî (ku), şahitî (ku)
Kven: kuninkhaanriiki, kuningasriikki
Kyrgyz: королевство (korolevstvo), падышалык (padışalık)
Lao: ອານາຈັກ (lo) (ʼā nā chak), ພຣະຣາຊອານາຈັກ (pha ra rāt ʼā nā chak)
Latgalian: kieneste f
Latin: rēgnum (la) n
Latvian: karaliste f, valstība f, valstība f
Ligurian: régno
Lingala: bokonzi class 14
Lithuanian: karalystė (lt) f
Low German:
German Low German: Königriek n
Luganda: olubiri
Lule Sami: gånågisrijkka
Luxembourgish: Kinnekräich (lb) n
Macedonian: кралство n (kralstvo)
Malay: kerajaan (ms), kedatuan, mamlakat
Maltese: renju
Manx: reeriaght f
Maori: kīngitanga, rangatiratanga (mi)
Maranao: ndato'an, ndatoan, ilian
Marathi: राज्य (mr) n (rājya)
Middle French: royaulme m
Moksha: оцязорксши (oćazorksši)
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: вант улс (vant uls)
Nahuatl: hueyitlahtohcayotl
Nepali: अधिराज्य (ne) (adhirājya)
Norman: rouoyaume m (Jersey), reyoume m (continental Normandy), rouoyanme m (Guernsey), royaûme m (Guernsey)
North Frisian: kiningrik
Northern Sami: gonagasriika
Norwegian:
Bokmål: kongerike (no) n, kongedømme (no) n
Occitan: reialme (oc) m, reiaume (oc) m
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: цѣсарьство n (cěsarĭstvo)
Old English: rīċe n
Old French: reaume m
Old Saxon: kuningdom m, rīki n
Papiamentu: reino
Pashto: پاچايي (ps) f (pāčāyi), بادشاهي f (bādšāhi), باچاهي (ps) f (bāčāhi), باچايي f (bāčāyi), پاچاهي f (pāčāhi), سلطنت (ps) m (səltanat, soltanat)
Persian: پادشاهی (fa) (pâdešâhi), سلطنت (fa) (saltanat)
Polabian: ťenądztwü n
Polish: królestwo (pl) n
Portuguese: reino (pt) m
Romanian: regat (ro) n
Romansch: reginavel m, reginam m, raginam m, reginom m
Russian: короле́вство (ru) n (korolévstvo), ца́рство (ru) n (cárstvo) (tsardom)
Sardinian: regnu, aregnu, rennu
Saterland Frisian: Köönichriek
Scots: kingdom, kinrick
Scottish Gaelic: rìoghachd f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: кра́љевство n, кра́љевина f

Roman: králjevstvo (sh) n, králjevina (sh) f
Silesian: krōlestwo
Sinhalese: රාජ්යය (rājyaya)
Slovak: kráľovstvo (sk) n
Slovene: kraljevina (sl) f, kraljestvo (sl) n
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: kralojstwo n

Upper Sorbian: kralestwo n
Southern Sami: gånkarijhke
Spanish: reino (es) m
Sranan Tongo: kownukondre
Swahili: ufalme, milki
Swedish: kungarike (sv) n, konungarike (sv) n, kungadöme (sv) n, konungadöme (sv) n
Tagalog: kaharian
Tajik: подшоҳӣ (podšohi), подишоҳӣ (podišohi), салтанат (saltanat)
Tamil: இராஜ்யம் (ta) (irājyam), அரசு (ta) (aracu)
Tatar: патшалык (tt) (patşalıq)
Telugu: రాజ్యము (te) (rājyamu)
Thai: อาณาจักร (th) (aa-naa-jàk)
Tumbuka: ufumu
Turkish: krallık (tr)
Turkmen: şalyk, patyşalyk
Ukrainian: королі́вство (uk) n (korolívstvo), ца́рство (uk) n (cárstvo)
Urdu: بادْشاہَت f (bādśāhat), سَلْطَنَت f (saltanat), مملکت (mamlikat)
Uyghur: پادىشاھلىق (padishahliq), خانلىق (xanliq), سەلتەنەت (seltenet)
Uzbek: qirollik (uz), podsholik (uz), podshohlik (uz)
Vietnamese: vương quốc (vi) (王國)
Vilamovian: kyngrajch
Welsh: teyrnas (cy) f
West Frisian: keninkryk
Yiddish: קעניגרײַך (kenigraykh)
Zhuang: vangzgoz, vuengzguek

realm, region, or conceptual space where something is dominant

Finnish: valtakunta (fi)

taxonomic division, below Domain and above Phylum

Afrikaans: koninkryk (af)
Arabic: مَمْلَكَة (ar) f (mamlaka)
Armenian: թագավորություն (hy) (tʻagavorutʻyun)
Asturian: reinu (ast) m
Basque: erreinu
Bavarian: kinereich
Belarusian: ца́рства n (cárstva), свет m (svjet)
Bulgarian: ца́рство (bg) n (cárstvo)
Burmese: လောက (my) (lau:ka.)
Catalan: regne (ca) m
Chinese:
Cantonese: 界 (yue) (gaai³)

Hokkien: 界 (kài)

Mandarin: 界 (zh) (jiè)
Czech: říše (cs) f
Danish: rige n
Dutch: rijk (nl) n, plantenrijk (nl) n, dierenrijk (nl) n
Estonian: riik (et)
Finnish: kunta (fi)
French: règne (fr) m
Georgian: სამეფო (samepo)
German: Reich (de) n
Greek: βασίλειο (el) n (vasíleio)
Hebrew: ממלכה (he) f (mamlakha)
Hungarian: -világ (hu)
Indonesian: kerajaan (id)
Italian: regno (it) m
Japanese: 界 (ja) (かい, kai)
Kazakh: дүние (kk) (dünie)
Khmer: រជ្ជៈ (km) (raccĕəʼ)
Korean: 계(界) (ko) (gye)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: cîhan (ku) f
Latin: rēgnum (la) n
Latvian: valsts (lv) f
Lithuanian: karalystė (lt) f
Macedonian: ца́рство n (cárstvo)
Malay: alam (ms)
Maori: mātāmuatanga
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: аймаг (mn) (ajmag)
Persian: فرمانرو (farmânrow)
Polish: królestwo (pl) n
Portuguese: reino (pt) m
Romanian: regn (ro) n
Russian: ца́рство (ru) n (cárstvo), мир (ru) m (mir)
Scottish Gaelic: rìoghachd f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ца̑рство n

Roman: cȃrstvo (sh) n
Slovak: ríša f
Slovene: kraljestvo (sl) n
Swedish: rike (sv) n
Tagalog: anyuhay
Telugu: రాజ్యము (te) (rājyamu)
Thai: อาณาจักร (th) (aa-naa-jàk)
Turkish: alem (tr)
Ukrainian: ца́рство (uk) n (cárstvo), світ (uk) m (svit)
Vietnamese: giới (vi) (界 (vi))
Yakut: са́арыстыба (sáarıstıba)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} regno (eo), ^{(please verify)} reĝlando
Galician: ^{(please verify)} reino (gl) m
Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} regno
Volapük: ^{(please verify)} regän (vo)

Middle English

Alternative forms

kyngdom, kyngdoom, kengdam, kyngdam, kyngedome, küngdom, kyngdome, kyngdan

Etymology

From Old English cyningdōm, from Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz. Equivalent to king +‎ -dom.

Etymology tree

Old English cyningdōm

Middle English kingdom

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkiŋɡdoːm/, /ˈkiŋɡdɔm/

Noun

kingdom (plural kingdoms)

dominion, lordship, rulership
(Christianity) The dominion and authority of God
kingdom, monarchy
state, realm
tribe, clan
region, domain, zone
(astrology) The region where a planet's influence predominates

Related terms

king

Descendants

English: kingdom
Scots: kingdom

References

“MED24300, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-31.

kingdom

Contents

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Translations

See also

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Related terms

Descendants

References