kreischen
German
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German krīschen, from Old High German *krīskan, from Proto-West Germanic *krīskan, from *krīskaną (“to cry out, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *grey- (“to shout”). According to Pfeifer, this is an extension of Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”), which makes it cognate with dated/obsolete German kreißen (“to cry in pain, give birth”). Cognate with Dutch krijsen, Luxembourgish kräischen.
The weak past forms in contemporary German may be due to the formal merger with the early modern German causative kreischen (“to make scream”), from Middle High German *kreischen, attested in erkreischen. An additional reason may be the fact that the verb was non-native to most Upper German dialects.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editkreischen (weak or class 1 strong, third-person singular present kreischt, past tense kreischte or (archaic) krisch, past participle gekreischt or (archaic) gekrischen, auxiliary haben)
- to squeal, to shriek, to scream
- to screech
- Synonyms: quietschen, quieken
- (colloquial, regional) to cry, to weep
- (birdwatching) to squawk
Conjugation
editinfinitive | kreischen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | kreischend | ||||
past participle | gekreischt gekrischen1 | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich kreische | wir kreischen | i | ich kreische | wir kreischen |
du kreischst du kreischt2 |
ihr kreischt | du kreischest | ihr kreischet | ||
er kreischt | sie kreischen | er kreische | sie kreischen | ||
preterite | ich kreischte ich krisch1 |
wir kreischten wir krischen1 |
ii | ich kreischte3 ich krische1,3 |
wir kreischten3 wir krischen1,3 |
du kreischtest du krischst1 |
ihr kreischtet ihr krischt1 |
du kreischtest3 du krischest1,3 du krischst1,3 |
ihr kreischtet3 ihr krischet1,3 ihr krischt1,3 | ||
er kreischte er krisch1 |
sie kreischten sie krischen1 |
er kreischte3 er krische1,3 |
sie kreischten3 sie krischen1,3 | ||
imperative | kreisch (du) kreische (du) |
kreischt (ihr) |
1Archaic.
2Permitted officially in Austria; used colloquially throughout the German-speaking area.
3Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
1Archaic.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editReferences
editFurther reading
edit- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German strong verbs
- German class 1 strong verbs
- German colloquialisms
- Regional German
- de:Birdwatching