librar

See also: librâr

Galician

Alternative forms

• alibrar
• livrar, alivrar (reintegrationist)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /liˈbɾaɾ/ [liˈβ̞ɾaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: li‧brar

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese livrar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin līberāre, present active infinitive of līberō. Doublet of liberar, which was borrowed. Cognate with Portuguese livrar and Spanish librar.

Verb

librar (first-person singular present libro, first-person singular preterite librei, past participle librado)

1. (transitive) to empty

   Synonyms: baleirar, desocupar

   Vamos librar este almacén ― Let's empty this warehouse

2. (archaic) to give birth; to help to give birth
3. (takes a reflexive pronoun or intransitive, of cows) to expel the placenta
4. (intransitive) to fit

   Synonym: caber

   Dálle que libra! (meme) ― Go on, [the car] fits!

5. (transitive) to save, spare, free, acquit, exempt [with de ‘from’]
6. (takes a reflexive pronoun) to get out

   Synonym: zafar

7. (intransitive) to hurry, rush in finishing

Conjugation

    Conjugation of librar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	librar
Personal	librar	librares	librar	librarmos	librardes	libraren
Gerund
	librando
Past participle
Masculine	librado			librados
Feminine	librada			libradas
Indicative
Present	libro	libras	libra	libramos	librades	libran
Imperfect	libraba	librabas	libraba	librabamos	librabades	libraban
Preterite	librei	libraches	librou	libramos	librastes	libraron
Pluperfect	librara	libraras	librara	libraramos	librarades	libraran
Future	librarei	librarás	librará	libraremos	libraredes	librarán
Conditional	libraría	librarías	libraría	librariamos	librariades	librarían
Subjunctive
Present	libre	libres	libre	libremos	libredes	libren
Imperfect	librase	librases	librase	librásemos	librásedes	librasen
Future	librar	librares	librar	librarmos	librardes	libraren
Imperative
Affirmative		libra	libre	libremos	librade	libren
Negative (non)		non libres	non libre	non libremos	non libredes	non libren

Etymology 2

From Latin līberāre, present active infinitive of lībrō.

Verb

librar (first-person singular present libro, first-person singular preterite librei, past participle librado)

1. (transitive, takes a reflexive pronoun) to balance, equilibrate

   Synonyms: balancear, equilibrar

2. (transitive, takes a reflexive pronoun) to suspend, to hang

   Synonyms: suspender, pairar

3. (transitive, takes a reflexive pronoun) to cause to oscillate
4. (transitive, takes a reflexive pronoun) to substantiate, base in

   Synonyms: fundamentar, basear

Conjugation

    Conjugation of librar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	librar
Personal	librar	librares	librar	librarmos	librardes	libraren
Gerund
	librando
Past participle
Masculine	librado			librados
Feminine	librada			libradas
Indicative
Present	libro	libras	libra	libramos	librades	libran
Imperfect	libraba	librabas	libraba	librabamos	librabades	libraban
Preterite	librei	libraches	librou	libramos	librastes	libraron
Pluperfect	librara	libraras	librara	libraramos	librarades	libraran
Future	librarei	librarás	librará	libraremos	libraredes	librarán
Conditional	libraría	librarías	libraría	librariamos	librariades	librarían
Subjunctive
Present	libre	libres	libre	libremos	libredes	libren
Imperfect	librase	librases	librase	librásemos	librásedes	librasen
Future	librar	librares	librar	librarmos	librardes	libraren
Imperative
Affirmative		libra	libre	libremos	librade	libren
Negative (non)		non libres	non libre	non libremos	non libredes	non libren

    Reintegrated conjugation of librar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	librar
Personal	librar	librares	librar	librarmos	librardes	librarem
Gerund
	librando
Past participle
Masculine	librado			librados
Feminine	librada			libradas
Indicative
Present	libro	libras	libra	libramos	librades, librais	libram
Imperfect	librava	libravas	librava	librávamos	librávades, libráveis, librávais1	libravam
Preterite	librei	libraste, librache1	librou	libramos	librastes	librárom, libraram
Pluperfect	librara	libraras	librara	libráramos	librárades, libráreis, librárais1	libraram
Future	librarei	librarás	librará	libraremos	libraredes, librareis	librarám, librarão
Conditional	libraria	librarias	libraria	libraríamos	libraríades, libraríeis, libraríais1	librariam
Subjunctive
Present	libre	libres	libre	libremos	libredes, libreis	librem
Imperfect	librasse	librasses	librasse	librássemos	librássedes, librásseis	librassem
Future	librar	librares	librar	librarmos	librardes	librarem
Imperative
Affirmative		libra	libre	libremos	librade, librai	librem
Negative (nom)		nom libres	nom libre	nom libremos	nom libredes, nom libreis	nom librem

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• librar a boria

Related terms

• equilibrar

References

• Ernesto González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “livrar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “liura”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• “librar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “librar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “librar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• “librar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French libraire, Latin librārius.

Noun

librar m (plural librari)

1. bookseller

Declension

Declension of librar

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) librar	librarul	(niște) librari	librarii
genitive/dative	(unui) librar	librarului	(unor) librari	librarilor
vocative	librarule		librarilor

Related terms

• librărie

See also

• carte

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin līberāre. Doublet of liberar, which was borrowed.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /liˈbɾaɾ/ [liˈβ̞ɾaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: li‧brar

Verb

librar (first-person singular present libro, first-person singular preterite libré, past participle librado)

1. (transitive) to save, to rescue, to deliver, to preserve

   Synonyms: salvar, rescatar

2. to free, to exempt
3. (transitive) to place, to put (hope, trust)
4. (transitive) to issue (a check, a decree)
5. to make (an appointment)
6. (transitive) to wage, to engage (battle, war)
   • 2022 February 25, Manuel G. Pascual, “La ciberguerra de Rusia contra Ucrania nunca ha acabado [Russia's cyberwar against Ukraine never ended]”, in El País‎^[1]:

     En el entorno digital se libran batallas silenciosas, sin disparos ni muertos, pero capaces de dejar sin calefacción a miles de personas […]

     In the digital environment, silent wars are waged, without gunfire or deaths, but capable of leaving thousands without heat […]

7. (intransitive) to give birth

   Synonym: parir

8. (intransitive) to expel the placenta
9. (intransitive) to be free; to get off

Conjugation

    Conjugation of librar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			librar
gerund			librando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		librado		librada
		plural		librados		libradas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	libro	librastú librásvos	libra	libramos	libráis	libran
	imperfect	libraba	librabas	libraba	librábamos	librabais	libraban
	preterite	libré	libraste	libró	libramos	librasteis	libraron
	future	libraré	librarás	librará	libraremos	libraréis	librarán
	conditional	libraría	librarías	libraría	libraríamos	libraríais	librarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	libre	librestú librésvos2	libre	libremos	libréis	libren
	imperfect (ra)	librara	libraras	librara	libráramos	librarais	libraran
	imperfect (se)	librase	librases	librase	librásemos	libraseis	librasen
	future1	librare	librares	librare	libráremos	librareis	libraren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		libratú librávos	libre	libremos	librad	libren
	negative		no libres	no libre	no libremos	no libréis	no libren

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of librar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive librar
	dative	librarme	librarte	librarle, librarse	librarnos	libraros	librarles, librarse
	accusative	librarme	librarte	librarlo, librarla, librarse	librarnos	libraros	librarlos, librarlas, librarse
with gerund librando
	dative	librándome	librándote	librándole, librándose	librándonos	librándoos	librándoles, librándose
	accusative	librándome	librándote	librándolo, librándola, librándose	librándonos	librándoos	librándolos, librándolas, librándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative libra
	dative	líbrame	líbrate	líbrale	líbranos	not used	líbrales
	accusative	líbrame	líbrate	líbralo, líbrala	líbranos	not used	líbralos, líbralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative librá
	dative	librame	librate	librale	libranos	not used	librales
	accusative	librame	librate	libralo, librala	libranos	not used	libralos, libralas
with formal second-person singular imperative libre
	dative	líbreme	not used	líbrele, líbrese	líbrenos	not used	líbreles
	accusative	líbreme	not used	líbrelo, líbrela, líbrese	líbrenos	not used	líbrelos, líbrelas
with first-person plural imperative libremos
	dative	not used	librémoste	librémosle	librémonos	librémoos	librémosles
	accusative	not used	librémoste	librémoslo, librémosla	librémonos	librémoos	librémoslos, librémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative librad
	dative	libradme	not used	libradle	libradnos	libraos	libradles
	accusative	libradme	not used	libradlo, libradla	libradnos	libraos	libradlos, libradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative libren
	dative	líbrenme	not used	líbrenle	líbrennos	not used	líbrenles, líbrense
	accusative	líbrenme	not used	líbrenlo, líbrenla	líbrennos	not used	líbrenlos, líbrenlas, líbrense

Derived terms

• Dios me libre
• librador
• libramiento
• libranza

 

Related terms

• libración
• libre

 

Further reading

• “librar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014