Pseudophilautus schmarda: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Species of frog}} |
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<!-- This article was auto-generated by [[User:Polbot]]. --> |
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{{Speciesbox |
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{{Taxobox |
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| image = Pseudophilautus_schmarda.jpg |
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| name = ''Philautus schmarda'' |
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| image = |
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| status = EN |
| status = EN |
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| status_system = |
| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi, Rohan Pethiyagoda, Anslem de Silva, Deepthi Wickramasinghe |date=2004 |title=''Pseudophilautus schmarda'' |volume=2004 |page=e.T58900A11852110 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58900A11852110.en |access-date=15 November 2021}}</ref> |
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| regnum = [[Animalia]] |
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| taxon = Pseudophilautus schmarda |
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| phylum = [[Chordata]] |
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| classis = [[Amphibia]] |
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| ordo = [[Anura]] |
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''Philautus schmarda'' <small>(Kelaart, 1854)</small><br /> |
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| familia = [[Rhacophoridae]] |
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''Ixalus poecilopleurus'' <small>Lichtenstein and Martens, 1856</small> |
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| genus = ''[[Philautus]]'' |
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| synonyms_ref = <ref name=Frost/> |
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| species = '''''P. schmarda''''' |
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| range_map = Pseudophilautus schmarda map-fr.svg |
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}} |
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'''''Philautus schmarda''''' is a species of [[frog]] in the [[Rhacophoridae]] family. |
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It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Sri Lanka]]. |
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Its natural [[habitat]]s are subtropical or tropical moist lowland [[forest]]s, subtropical or tropical moist [[montane forest]]s, and [[plantation]]s . |
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It is threatened by [[habitat loss]]. |
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==Source==<!-- THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2005 Supplement No. 12: 163–303 --> |
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* Manamendra-Arachchi, K., Pethiyagoda, R., de Silva, A. & Wickramasinghe, D. 2004. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/58900/all Philautus schmarda]. [http://www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. ] Downloaded on 23 July 2007. |
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'''''Pseudophilautus schmarda''''' is a species of [[frog]] in the family [[Rhacophoridae]]. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the central hills of [[Sri Lanka]]<ref name=Frost/><ref name="Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda 2005"/> and is known from the [[Peak Wilderness Sanctuary]], Agra Bopath, [[Horton Plains National Park|Horton Plains]], and Pedro.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /><ref name="Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda 2005"/> The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''schmarda'' honours [[Ludwig Karl Schmarda]], an Austrian physician, naturalist, and traveler.<ref name="Beolens et al. 2013"/> Common names '''Sri Lanka bug-eyed frog''' and '''Schmarda's shrub frog''' have been coined for it.<ref name=Frost/> |
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{{Rhacophoridae-stub}} |
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[[Category:Philautus]] |
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==Description== |
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[[ca:Philautus schmarda]] |
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Adult males measure {{convert|18|-|27|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} and adult females, based on only two specimens, {{convert|20|-|30|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length. The body is stout. The snout is obtusely pointed. The [[Tympanum (anatomy)|tympanum]] is visible and the supratympanic fold is prominent. The fingers have lateral dermal fringes and only rudimentary webbing, whereas the toes are medially webbed. Skin of the upper side is rough with glandular folds, glandular warts, and horn-like spinules. The upper parts are dark green and red-brown; the flanks grade from yellow through dark brown to light brown. The chest and abdomen are yellow and bear bright-yellow spots.<ref name="Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda 2005"/> |
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[[pt:Philautus schmarda]] |
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==Habitat and conservation== |
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''Pseudophilautus schmarda'' occurs primarily in [[cloud forest]]s at elevations of {{convert|810|–|2300|m|abbr=on}} [[above sea level]], but has also been recorded in pine and abandoned tea plantations. While juveniles have been observed on the forest floor, adults occur in the understorey vegetation some {{convert|1|-|2|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} above the ground. The eggs are deposited in a deep hole that the female excavates in the forest floor.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /><ref name="Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda 2005"/> |
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''Pseudophilautus schmarda'' is a common frog. While much of its range lies within protected areas, habitat deterioration is taking place because of illegal firewood collection, clear-cutting for timber, and conversion to agricultural land such as tea plantations. Additional potential threats are forest fires and agro-chemical pollution.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist|30em|refs= |
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<ref name="Beolens et al. 2013">{{cite book |last1 = Beolens | first1 = Bo | last2 = Watkins | first2 = Michael | last3 = Grayson | first3 = Michael |name-list-style=amp |title=The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJY3BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA192 |date=2013 |publisher=Pelagic Publishing |isbn=978-1-907807-42-8 |page=192}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Rhacophoridae/Rhacophorinae/Pseudophilautus/Pseudophilautus-schmarda |title=''Pseudophilautus schmarda'' (Kelaart, 1854) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2018 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda 2005">{{Cite journal | last1 = Manamendra-Arachchi | first1 = Kelum | last2 = Pethiyagoda |first2 = Rohan | name-list-style = amp | year = 2005| title = The Sri Lankan shrub-frogs of the genus ''Philautus'' Gistel, 1848 (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae), with description of 27 new species| volume = Suppl. 12| pages = 163–303| journal = Raffles Bulletin of Zoology| url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s12/s12rbz163-303.pdf}} (''Philautus schmarda'': p. 171–174)</ref> |
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}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q28061766}} |
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[[Category:Pseudophilautus|schmarda]] |
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[[Category:Endemic fauna of Sri Lanka]] |
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[[Category:Amphibians described in 1854]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Frederick Kelaart]] |
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[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:31, 15 November 2021
| Pseudophilautus schmarda | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Rhacophoridae |
| Genus: | Pseudophilautus |
| Species: | P. schmarda
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| Binomial name | |
| Pseudophilautus schmarda (Kelaart, 1854)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Polypedates (?) schmardanus Kelaart, 1854 | |
Pseudophilautus schmarda is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to the central hills of Sri Lanka[2][3] and is known from the Peak Wilderness Sanctuary, Agra Bopath, Horton Plains, and Pedro.[1][3] The specific name schmarda honours Ludwig Karl Schmarda, an Austrian physician, naturalist, and traveler.[4] Common names Sri Lanka bug-eyed frog and Schmarda's shrub frog have been coined for it.[2]
Description
[edit]Adult males measure 18–27 mm (0.7–1.1 in) and adult females, based on only two specimens, 20–30 mm (0.8–1.2 in) in snout–vent length. The body is stout. The snout is obtusely pointed. The tympanum is visible and the supratympanic fold is prominent. The fingers have lateral dermal fringes and only rudimentary webbing, whereas the toes are medially webbed. Skin of the upper side is rough with glandular folds, glandular warts, and horn-like spinules. The upper parts are dark green and red-brown; the flanks grade from yellow through dark brown to light brown. The chest and abdomen are yellow and bear bright-yellow spots.[3]
Habitat and conservation
[edit]Pseudophilautus schmarda occurs primarily in cloud forests at elevations of 810–2,300 m (2,660–7,550 ft) above sea level, but has also been recorded in pine and abandoned tea plantations. While juveniles have been observed on the forest floor, adults occur in the understorey vegetation some 1–2 m (3–7 ft) above the ground. The eggs are deposited in a deep hole that the female excavates in the forest floor.[1][3]
Pseudophilautus schmarda is a common frog. While much of its range lies within protected areas, habitat deterioration is taking place because of illegal firewood collection, clear-cutting for timber, and conversion to agricultural land such as tea plantations. Additional potential threats are forest fires and agro-chemical pollution.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi, Rohan Pethiyagoda, Anslem de Silva, Deepthi Wickramasinghe (2004). "Pseudophilautus schmarda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T58900A11852110. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58900A11852110.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Pseudophilautus schmarda (Kelaart, 1854)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
- ^ a b c d Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum & Pethiyagoda, Rohan (2005). "The Sri Lankan shrub-frogs of the genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae), with description of 27 new species" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 12: 163–303. (Philautus schmarda: p. 171–174)
- ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 192. ISBN 978-1-907807-42-8.