Octopus kaurna: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of mollusc}} |
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| name = Southern sand octopus |
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The '''Southern Sands Octopus''' (''Octopus kaurna'') is an [[octopus]] native to the waters around the [[Great Australian Bight]] and [[Tasmania]]. It has an arm span of up to 50cm with long, unusually thin, tentacles joined at the base by webbing and studded with small suckers. Like most octopi, the it can change shape and color, and is often hard to spot as it spends day buried in the sand, preferring to venture out for food at night. |
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| taxon = Octopus kaurna |
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| authority = Stranks, 1990 <ref>{{ITIS |id=556536 |taxon=''Octopus kaurna''}}</ref> |
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| synonyms = |
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| image = SpeciesHeroThumb 389801.jpg |
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}} |
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'''''Octopus kaurna''''', also known as the '''southern sand octopus''', is an [[octopus]] native to the waters around the [[Great Australian Bight]] and [[Tasmania]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/taxa/Octopus_kaurna |title=Species ''Octopus kaurna'' Stranks, 1990 |work=[[Australian Faunal Directory]] |publisher=[[Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts]] |accessdate=January 29, 2010}}</ref> It has an arm span of up to {{convert|50|cm|abbr=on}} with long, unusually thin [[tentacle]]s joined at the base by webbing and studded with small suckers. The species was first identified by Timothy Nathaniel Stranks. Kaurna is the name of an Australian Aboriginal clan which lived in the Adelaide region of South Australia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://octolab.tv/species/southern-sand-octopus/|title = Southern Sand Octopus}}</ref> |
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== Behaviour == |
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Unlike most octopuses, ''O. kaurna'' lacks color-changing [[Chromatophore|chromatophors]]. However, it is able to hide from predators by burrowing itself in sand. The process begins with the octopus using its [[Siphon (mollusc)|siphon]] to inject water into the sand, creating [[quicksand]]-like conditions which enable burrowing. Then, it uses its arms to burrow into the sand. Two arms will be extended to the surface, creating a ventilation shaft. At the same time, ''O. kaurna'' will use mucus to stabilize the shape of the burrow. Finally, the octopus will retract its two arms and push out loose sand with its siphon, creating a mucus-lined, ventilated burrow to rest in. While many octopuses bury themselves in a shallow layer of sediment for camouflage, ''O. kaurna'' is the only known species to exhibit sub-surface burrowing.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1 = Montana|first1 = Jasper|last2 = Finn|first2 = Julian K.|last3 = Norman|first3 = Mark D.|date = 2015-11-02|title = Liquid sand burrowing and mucus utilisation as novel adaptations to a structurally-simple environment in Octopus kaurnaStranks, 1990|url = http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/1568539x-00003313|journal = Behaviour|volume = 152|issue = 14|pages = 1871–1881|doi = 10.1163/1568539X-00003313|issn = 1568-539X}}</ref> |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q2633536}} |
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[[Category:Octopodidae]] |
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[[Category:Molluscs of the Pacific Ocean]] |
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[[Category:Cephalopods of Australia]] |
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[[Category:Molluscs described in 1990]] |
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{{Octopus-stub}} |
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Revision as of 04:50, 7 February 2022
| Southern sand octopus | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Order: | Octopoda |
| Family: | Octopodidae |
| Genus: | Octopus |
| Species: | O. kaurna
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| Binomial name | |
| Octopus kaurna Stranks, 1990 [1]
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Octopus kaurna, also known as the southern sand octopus, is an octopus native to the waters around the Great Australian Bight and Tasmania.[2] It has an arm span of up to 50 cm (20 in) with long, unusually thin tentacles joined at the base by webbing and studded with small suckers. The species was first identified by Timothy Nathaniel Stranks. Kaurna is the name of an Australian Aboriginal clan which lived in the Adelaide region of South Australia.[3]
Behaviour
Unlike most octopuses, O. kaurna lacks color-changing chromatophors. However, it is able to hide from predators by burrowing itself in sand. The process begins with the octopus using its siphon to inject water into the sand, creating quicksand-like conditions which enable burrowing. Then, it uses its arms to burrow into the sand. Two arms will be extended to the surface, creating a ventilation shaft. At the same time, O. kaurna will use mucus to stabilize the shape of the burrow. Finally, the octopus will retract its two arms and push out loose sand with its siphon, creating a mucus-lined, ventilated burrow to rest in. While many octopuses bury themselves in a shallow layer of sediment for camouflage, O. kaurna is the only known species to exhibit sub-surface burrowing.[4]
References
- ^ "Octopus kaurna". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ^ "Species Octopus kaurna Stranks, 1990". Australian Faunal Directory. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "Southern Sand Octopus".
- ^ Montana, Jasper; Finn, Julian K.; Norman, Mark D. (2015-11-02). "Liquid sand burrowing and mucus utilisation as novel adaptations to a structurally-simple environment in Octopus kaurnaStranks, 1990". Behaviour. 152 (14): 1871–1881. doi:10.1163/1568539X-00003313. ISSN 1568-539X.
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