Short S.38: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[Short S.27]] |
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{{Use British English|date=January 2017}} |
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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin |
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| name = Short S.38 |
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| image = RAF Short S.38.jpg |
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| caption = A [[Norman Thompson Flight Company]]-built aircraft with modified landing gear, delivered in 1916 |
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}}{{Infobox aircraft type |
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| type = Coastal patrol, trainer |
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| national origin = [[United Kingdom]] |
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| manufacturer = [[Short Brothers]] |
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| first flight = 30 August 1912 |
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| number built = 48 |
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}} |
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|} |
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The Short S.38 was an early British aircraft built by [[Short Brothers]]. |
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==Design and development== |
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[[Category:British experimental aircraft 1910–1919]] |
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The '''Short S.38''' was originally a [[Short S.27]] with the manufacturer's number S.38. After an accident when hoisting this aircraft aboard {{HMS|London|1899|6}} the remains were returned to Shorts, where the aircraft was rebuilt with extensive modifications, the resulting design becoming known as the '''Short S.38 type'''. |
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[[Category:British military trainer aircraft 1910–1919]] |
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The rebuilt S.38 had the same basic layout as the original aircraft, being an unequal-span [[pusher configuration|pusher]] [[biplane]] with a forward-mounted [[Elevator (aeronautics)|elevator]] and an [[empennage]] carried on wire-braced wooden booms behind the wing. It differed in having new wings of increased span, a [[nacelle]] to accommodate the two crew members seated in tandem, and modified tail surfaces, the tailplane being enlarged and twin rudders fitted. The front elevator was mounted on booms, as on the original aircraft. |
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Production aircraft differed in having the front elevator mounted on an upswept outrigger on the front of the nacelle. Additionally, the outer panels of the upper wing had a swept back leading edge, and were rigged with a slight [[dihedral (aircraft)|dihedral]]. |
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==Service history== |
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The aircraft was first flown by Lt. [[Charles Rumney Samson|C.R. Samson]] on 30 August 1912.<ref>Barnes 1967, p.61</ref> |
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Shorts subsequently built nine production aircraft (c/n S.54-62),<ref>Barnes 1967 pp. 60–61.</ref> with some remaining in use with the RNAS after the outbreak of [[World War I]], being used for coastal patrol work at [[RAF Narborough|RNAS Great Yarmouth]], and later for training purposes at [[RNAS Eastchurch]].<ref>Thetford 1982 p.436</ref> In 1915, the RNAS, pleased with their Short pushers, wanted to place orders for further S.38-type aircraft for use as basic trainers. As Short Brothers was busy building later types, orders were instead placed with subcontractors, twelve aircraft being built by [[Supermarine|Pemberton-Billing Ltd]] and 24 S.38s by [[White and Thompson]], with deliveries continuing until 1916 and the type remaining in service until 1917.<ref name="Bruce Brit p471">Bruce 1957, p. 471.</ref><ref name="Goodall p71-2">Goodall 1995, pp. 71–72.</ref> |
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==Accidents and incidents== |
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The type had two fatal accidents: |
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*12 September 1915 – [[United Kingdom military aircraft serials|Serial number]] ''65'' was destroyed in a midair collision with a Caudron G.III at Eastchurch, pilots of both aircraft killed.<ref>Sturtivant and Page 1992, p. 31</ref> |
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*10 January 1916 – Serial number ''3148'' crashed while low-flying near Eastbourne, two crew killed.<ref name="Times41060">{{Cite newspaper The Times |
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|title= Two Airmen Killed Near Eastbourne |department=News in Brief |date=11 January 1916 |page=9 |issue=41060}}</ref><ref>Sturtivant and Page 1992, p. 87</ref> |
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==Specifications== |
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{{Aircraft specs |
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|ref=Barnes 1967, p.70 |
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|prime units?= imp |
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<!-- |
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General characteristics |
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--> |
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|genhide= |
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|crew=two (pilot and observer) |
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|capacity= |
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|length m= |
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|length ft=35 |
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|length in=6 |
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|length note= |
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|span m= |
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|span ft=52 |
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|span in= |
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|span note= |
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|upper span m= |
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|upper span ft= |
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|upper span in= |
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|upper span note= |
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|mid span m= |
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|mid span ft= |
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|mid span in= |
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|mid span note= |
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|lower span m= |
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|lower span ft= |
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|lower span in= |
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|lower span note= |
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|height m= |
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|height ft= |
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|height in= |
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|height note= |
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|wing area sqm= |
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|wing area sqft=500 |
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|wing area note= |
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|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|airfoil= |
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|empty weight kg= |
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|empty weight lb=1100 |
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|empty weight note= |
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|gross weight kg= |
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|gross weight lb=1500 |
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|gross weight note= |
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|max takeoff weight kg= |
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|max takeoff weight lb= |
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|max takeoff weight note= |
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|fuel capacity= |
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|more general= |
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<!-- |
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Powerplant |
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--> |
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|eng1 number=1 |
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|eng1 name=[[Gnome Lambda]] |
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|eng1 type=7-cylinder air-cooled radial |
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|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |
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|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |
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|eng1 shp=<!-- prop engines --> |
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|eng1 note= |
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|power original= |
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|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|prop name= |
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|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|prop dia note= |
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<!-- |
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Performance |
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--> |
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|perfhide= |
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|max speed kmh= |
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|max speed mph=58 |
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|max speed kts= |
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|max speed note= |
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|cruise speed kmh= |
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|cruise speed mph= |
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|cruise speed kts= |
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|cruise speed note= |
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|stall speed kmh= |
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|stall speed mph= |
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|stall speed kts= |
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|stall speed note= |
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|never exceed speed kmh= |
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|never exceed speed mph= |
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|never exceed speed kts= |
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|never exceed speed note= |
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|minimum control speed kmh= |
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|minimum control speed mph= |
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|minimum control speed kts= |
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|minimum control speed note= |
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|range km=464 |
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|range miles=290 |
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|range nmi= |
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|range note= |
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|combat range km= |
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|combat range miles= |
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|combat range nmi= |
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|combat range note= |
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|ferry range km= |
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|ferry range miles= |
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|ferry range nmi= |
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|ferry range note= |
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|endurance=5 hours |
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|ceiling m= |
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|ceiling ft= |
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|ceiling note= |
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|climb rate ftmin= |
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|climb rate note= |
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|time to altitude= |
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|sink rate note= |
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|lift to drag= |
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|wing loading kg/m2= |
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|wing loading lb/sqft=3.0 |
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|wing loading note= |
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|fuel consumption kg/km= |
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|fuel consumption lb/mi= |
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|power/mass= |
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|thrust/weight= |
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|more performance= |
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<!-- |
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Armament |
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--> |
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|armament=<!-- add bulletted list here or if you want to use the following |
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specific parameters, remove this parameter--> |
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|guns= |
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|bombs= |
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|rockets= |
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|missiles= |
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}} |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==References== |
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{{commons category|Short S.38}} |
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*Barnes, C.H. ''Shorts Aircraft Since 1900''. London: Putnam, 1967. |
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*Bruce, J.M. ''British Aeroplanes 1914–18''. London: Putnam, 1957. |
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*Goodall, Michael H. ''The Norman Thompson File''. Tunbridge Wells, UK: Air Britain (Historians), 1995. {{ISBN|0-85130-233-5}}. |
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* Ray Sturtivant and Gordon Page ''Royal Navy Aircraft Serials and Units 1911–1919'' [[Air-Britain]], 1992. {{ISBN|0-85130-191-6}} |
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*Thetford, Owen ''British Naval Aircraft Since 1912''. London: Putnam, 1982. {{ISBN|0-370-30021-1}} |
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{{Short Brothers aircraft}} |
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[[Category:1910s British experimental aircraft]] |
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[[Category:1910s British military trainer aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Short Brothers aircraft|S.38]] |
[[Category:Short Brothers aircraft|S.38]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1912]] |
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[[Category:Biplanes]] |
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Latest revision as of 07:14, 20 May 2022
| Short S.38 | |
|---|---|
| |
| A Norman Thompson Flight Company-built aircraft with modified landing gear, delivered in 1916 | |
| Role | Coastal patrol, trainer |
| National origin | Vereinigtes Königreich |
| Manufacturer | Short Brothers |
| First flight | 30 August 1912 |
| Number built | 48 |
The Short S.38 was an early British aircraft built by Short Brothers.
Design and development
[edit]The Short S.38 was originally a Short S.27 with the manufacturer's number S.38. After an accident when hoisting this aircraft aboard HMS London the remains were returned to Shorts, where the aircraft was rebuilt with extensive modifications, the resulting design becoming known as the Short S.38 type.
The rebuilt S.38 had the same basic layout as the original aircraft, being an unequal-span pusher biplane with a forward-mounted elevator and an empennage carried on wire-braced wooden booms behind the wing. It differed in having new wings of increased span, a nacelle to accommodate the two crew members seated in tandem, and modified tail surfaces, the tailplane being enlarged and twin rudders fitted. The front elevator was mounted on booms, as on the original aircraft.
Production aircraft differed in having the front elevator mounted on an upswept outrigger on the front of the nacelle. Additionally, the outer panels of the upper wing had a swept back leading edge, and were rigged with a slight dihedral.
Service history
[edit]The aircraft was first flown by Lt. C.R. Samson on 30 August 1912.[1]
Shorts subsequently built nine production aircraft (c/n S.54-62),[2] with some remaining in use with the RNAS after the outbreak of World War I, being used for coastal patrol work at RNAS Great Yarmouth, and later for training purposes at RNAS Eastchurch.[3] In 1915, the RNAS, pleased with their Short pushers, wanted to place orders for further S.38-type aircraft for use as basic trainers. As Short Brothers was busy building later types, orders were instead placed with subcontractors, twelve aircraft being built by Pemberton-Billing Ltd and 24 S.38s by White and Thompson, with deliveries continuing until 1916 and the type remaining in service until 1917.[4][5]
Accidents and incidents
[edit]The type had two fatal accidents:
- 12 September 1915 – Serial number 65 was destroyed in a midair collision with a Caudron G.III at Eastchurch, pilots of both aircraft killed.[6]
- 10 January 1916 – Serial number 3148 crashed while low-flying near Eastbourne, two crew killed.[7][8]
Specifications
[edit]Data from Barnes 1967, p.70
General characteristics
- Crew: two (pilot and observer)
- Length: 35 ft 6 in (10.82 m)
- Wingspan: 52 ft (16 m)
- Wing area: 500 sq ft (46 m2)
- Empty weight: 1,100 lb (499 kg)
- Gross weight: 1,500 lb (680 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Gnome Lambda 7-cylinder air-cooled radial
Performance
- Maximum speed: 58 mph (93 km/h, 50 kn)
- Range: 290 mi (464 km, 250 nmi)
- Endurance: 5 hours
- Wing loading: 3.0 lb/sq ft (15 kg/m2)
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Short S.38.
- Barnes, C.H. Shorts Aircraft Since 1900. London: Putnam, 1967.
- Bruce, J.M. British Aeroplanes 1914–18. London: Putnam, 1957.
- Goodall, Michael H. The Norman Thompson File. Tunbridge Wells, UK: Air Britain (Historians), 1995. ISBN 0-85130-233-5.
- Ray Sturtivant and Gordon Page Royal Navy Aircraft Serials and Units 1911–1919 Air-Britain, 1992. ISBN 0-85130-191-6
- Thetford, Owen British Naval Aircraft Since 1912. London: Putnam, 1982. ISBN 0-370-30021-1