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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox Aircraft
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
⚫
|name =Short S.38
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
|image =Image:RAF Short S.38.jpg
⚫
| name = Short S.38
⚫
|caption = A [[Norman Thompson Flight Company]] built aircraft with modified landing gear delivered in 1916
|type = Coastal patrol, trainer
| image = RAF Short S.38.jpg
⚫
| caption = A [[Norman Thompson Flight Company]]-built aircraft with modified landing gear, delivered in 1916
⚫
|national origin = [[United Kingdom]]
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
⚫
|manufacturer = [[Short Brothers]]
| type = Coastal patrol, trainer
|designer = <!--Only appropriate for single designers, not project leaders-->
⚫
| national origin = [[United Kingdom]]
|first flight = 30 August 1912
⚫
| manufacturer = [[Short Brothers]]
|introduced = <!--Date the aircraft entered or will enter military or revenue service-->
|retired = <!--Date the aircraft left service. If vague or more than a few dates, skip this -->
| first flight = 30 August 1912
|status = <!--In most cases, redundant; use sparingly-->
| number built = 48
|primary user =
|more users = <!-- Limited to THREE (3) 'more users' here (4 total users). Separate users with <br/>. -->
|produced = <!--Years in production (eg. 1970-1999) if still in active use but no longer built -->
|number built = 48
|program cost = <!--Total program cost-->
|unit cost = <!--Incremental or flyaway cost for military or retail price for commercial aircraft-->
|developed from = <!--The aircraft which formed the basis for this aircraft-->
|variants with their own articles = <!--Variants OF this aircraft-->
}}
}}
|}
The Short S.38 was an early British aircraft built by [[Short Brothers]].
The Short S.38 was an early British aircraft built by [[Short Brothers]].


==Design and development==
==Design and development==
The '''Short S.38''' was originally a [[Short S.27]] with the manufacturer's number S.38. After an accident when hoisting this aircraft aboard ''[[HMS London (1899)| HMS London ]]'' the remains were returned to Shorts, where the aircraft was rebuilt with extensive modifications, the resulting design becoming known as the '''Short S.38 type'''
The '''Short S.38''' was originally a [[Short S.27]] with the manufacturer's number S.38. After an accident when hoisting this aircraft aboard {{HMS|London|1899|6}} the remains were returned to Shorts, where the aircraft was rebuilt with extensive modifications, the resulting design becoming known as the '''Short S.38 type'''.


The rebuilt S.38 had the same basic layout as the original aircraft, being an unequal-span [[pusher configuration|pusher]] [[biplane]] with a forward-mounted [[elevator]] and an [[empennage]] carried on wire-braced wooden booms behind the wing. It differed in having new wings of increased span, a [[nacelle]] to accommodate the two crew members seated in tandem, and modified tail surfaces, the tailplane being enlarged and twin rudders fitted. The front elevator was mounted on booms, as in the original aircraft.
The rebuilt S.38 had the same basic layout as the original aircraft, being an unequal-span [[pusher configuration|pusher]] [[biplane]] with a forward-mounted [[Elevator (aeronautics)|elevator]] and an [[empennage]] carried on wire-braced wooden booms behind the wing. It differed in having new wings of increased span, a [[nacelle]] to accommodate the two crew members seated in tandem, and modified tail surfaces, the tailplane being enlarged and twin rudders fitted. The front elevator was mounted on booms, as on the original aircraft.


Production aircraft differed in having the front elevator mounted on an upswept outrigger on the front of the nacelle. Additionally the outer panels of the upper wing had a swept back leading edge, and were rigged with a slight [[dihedral (aircraft)|dihedral]].
Production aircraft differed in having the front elevator mounted on an upswept outrigger on the front of the nacelle. Additionally, the outer panels of the upper wing had a swept back leading edge, and were rigged with a slight [[dihedral (aircraft)|dihedral]].


==Service History==
==Service history==
The aircraft was first flown by Lt. [[Charles Rumney Samson|C.R. Samson]] on 30 August 1912.<ref>Barnes 1967, p.61</ref>.
The aircraft was first flown by Lt. [[Charles Rumney Samson|C.R. Samson]] on 30 August 1912.<ref>Barnes 1967, p.61</ref>


Shorts subsequently built nine production aircraft (c/n S.54-62),<ref>Barnes 1967 pp. 60–61.</ref> with some remaining in use with the RNAS after the outbreak of [[World War One]], being used for coastal patrol work at [[RAF Narborough| RNAS Great Yarmouth]] and later for training purpoes at [[RNAS Eastchurch]].<ref>Thetford 1982 p.436</ref> In 1915, the RNAS, pleased with their Short pushers, wanted to place orders for further S.38 type aircraft for use as basic trainers. As Short Brothers was busy building later types, orders were instead placed with subcontractors, twelve aircraft being built by [[Supermarine|Pemberton-Billing Ltd]] and 24 S.38s by [[White and Thompson]], with deliveries continuing until 1916 and the type remaining in service until 1917.<ref name="Bruce Brit p471">Bruce 1957, p. 471.</ref><ref name="Goodall p71-2">Goodall 1995, pp. 71–72.</ref>
Shorts subsequently built nine production aircraft (c/n S.54-62),<ref>Barnes 1967 pp. 60–61.</ref> with some remaining in use with the RNAS after the outbreak of [[World War I]], being used for coastal patrol work at [[RAF Narborough|RNAS Great Yarmouth]], and later for training purposes at [[RNAS Eastchurch]].<ref>Thetford 1982 p.436</ref> In 1915, the RNAS, pleased with their Short pushers, wanted to place orders for further S.38-type aircraft for use as basic trainers. As Short Brothers was busy building later types, orders were instead placed with subcontractors, twelve aircraft being built by [[Supermarine|Pemberton-Billing Ltd]] and 24 S.38s by [[White and Thompson]], with deliveries continuing until 1916 and the type remaining in service until 1917.<ref name="Bruce Brit p471">Bruce 1957, p. 471.</ref><ref name="Goodall p71-2">Goodall 1995, pp. 71–72.</ref>


==Accidents and incidents==
==Accidents and incidents==
The type had two fatal accidents:
The type had two fatal accidents:
*12 September 1915 - [[United Kingdom military aircraft serials|Serial number]] ''65'' was destroyed in a mid-air collision with a Caudron G.III at Eastchurch, pilot killed.<ref>Sturtivant and Page 1992, p. 31</ref>
*12 September 1915 – [[United Kingdom military aircraft serials|Serial number]] ''65'' was destroyed in a midair collision with a Caudron G.III at Eastchurch, pilots of both aircraft killed.<ref>Sturtivant and Page 1992, p. 31</ref>
*10 January 1916 - Serial number ''3148'' crashed while low-flying near Eastbourne, two crew killed.<ref name="Times41060">{{Cite newspaper The Times
*10 January 1916 – Serial number ''3148'' crashed while low-flying near Eastbourne, two crew killed.<ref name="Times41060">{{Cite newspaper The Times
|articlename= Two Airmen Killed Near Eastbourne |section=News in Brief |day_of_week=Tuesday |date=11 January 1916 |page_number=9 |issue=41060}}</ref>
|title= Two Airmen Killed Near Eastbourne |department=News in Brief |date=11 January 1916 |page=9 |issue=41060}}</ref><ref>Sturtivant and Page 1992, p. 87</ref>
<ref>Sturtivant and Page 1992, p. 87</ref>


==Specifications==
==Specifications==
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|genhide=
|genhide=


|crew=2 (pilot and observer)
|crew=two (pilot and observer)
|capacity=
|capacity=
|length m=
|length m=
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|eng1 note=
|eng1 note=
|power original=
|power original=




|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
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|minimum control speed kts=
|minimum control speed kts=
|minimum control speed note=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=
|range km=464
|range miles=
|range miles=290
|range nmi=
|range nmi=
|range note=
|range note=
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==Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==References==
==References==
{{commons category|Short S.38}}
*Barnes, C.H. ''Shorts Aircraft Since 1900''. London: Putnam, 1967.
*Barnes, C.H. ''Shorts Aircraft Since 1900''. London: Putnam, 1967.
*Bruce, J.M. ''British Aeroplanes 1914–18''. London: Putnam, 1957.
*Bruce, J.M. ''British Aeroplanes 1914–18''. London: Putnam, 1957.
*Goodall, Michael H. ''The Norman Thompson File''. Tunbridge Wells, UK: Air Britain (Historians), 1995. ISBN 0 85130 233 5.
*Goodall, Michael H. ''The Norman Thompson File''. Tunbridge Wells, UK: Air Britain (Historians), 1995. {{ISBN|0-85130-233-5}}.
* Ray Sturtivant and Gordon Page ''Royal Navy Aircraft Serials and Units 1911-1919'' [[Air-Britain]], 1992. ISBN 0 85130 191 6
* Ray Sturtivant and Gordon Page ''Royal Navy Aircraft Serials and Units 1911–1919'' [[Air-Britain]], 1992. {{ISBN|0-85130-191-6}}
*Thetford, Owen ''British Naval Aircraft Since 1912''. London: Putnam, 1982. ISBN 0 370 3002 1
*Thetford, Owen ''British Naval Aircraft Since 1912''. London: Putnam, 1982. {{ISBN|0-370-30021-1}}




{{Short Brothers aircraft}}


[[Category:British experimental aircraft 1910–1919]]
[[Category:1910s British experimental aircraft]]
[[Category:British military trainer aircraft 1910–1919]]
[[Category:1910s British military trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:Short Brothers aircraft|S.38]]
[[Category:Short Brothers aircraft|S.38]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1912]]
[[Category:Biplanes]]

Latest revision as of 07:14, 20 May 2022

Short S.38
A Norman Thompson Flight Company-built aircraft with modified landing gear, delivered in 1916
Role Coastal patrol, trainer
National origin Vereinigtes Königreich
Manufacturer Short Brothers
First flight 30 August 1912
Number built 48

The Short S.38 was an early British aircraft built by Short Brothers.

Design and development

[edit]

The Short S.38 was originally a Short S.27 with the manufacturer's number S.38. After an accident when hoisting this aircraft aboard HMS London the remains were returned to Shorts, where the aircraft was rebuilt with extensive modifications, the resulting design becoming known as the Short S.38 type.

The rebuilt S.38 had the same basic layout as the original aircraft, being an unequal-span pusher biplane with a forward-mounted elevator and an empennage carried on wire-braced wooden booms behind the wing. It differed in having new wings of increased span, a nacelle to accommodate the two crew members seated in tandem, and modified tail surfaces, the tailplane being enlarged and twin rudders fitted. The front elevator was mounted on booms, as on the original aircraft.

Production aircraft differed in having the front elevator mounted on an upswept outrigger on the front of the nacelle. Additionally, the outer panels of the upper wing had a swept back leading edge, and were rigged with a slight dihedral.

Service history

[edit]

The aircraft was first flown by Lt. C.R. Samson on 30 August 1912.[1]

Shorts subsequently built nine production aircraft (c/n S.54-62),[2] with some remaining in use with the RNAS after the outbreak of World War I, being used for coastal patrol work at RNAS Great Yarmouth, and later for training purposes at RNAS Eastchurch.[3] In 1915, the RNAS, pleased with their Short pushers, wanted to place orders for further S.38-type aircraft for use as basic trainers. As Short Brothers was busy building later types, orders were instead placed with subcontractors, twelve aircraft being built by Pemberton-Billing Ltd and 24 S.38s by White and Thompson, with deliveries continuing until 1916 and the type remaining in service until 1917.[4][5]

Accidents and incidents

[edit]

The type had two fatal accidents:

  • 12 September 1915 – Serial number 65 was destroyed in a midair collision with a Caudron G.III at Eastchurch, pilots of both aircraft killed.[6]
  • 10 January 1916 – Serial number 3148 crashed while low-flying near Eastbourne, two crew killed.[7][8]

Specifications

[edit]

Data from Barnes 1967, p.70

General characteristics

  • Crew: two (pilot and observer)
  • Length: 35 ft 6 in (10.82 m)
  • Wingspan: 52 ft (16 m)
  • Wing area: 500 sq ft (46 m2)
  • Empty weight: 1,100 lb (499 kg)
  • Gross weight: 1,500 lb (680 kg)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Gnome Lambda 7-cylinder air-cooled radial

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 58 mph (93 km/h, 50 kn)
  • Range: 290 mi (464 km, 250 nmi)
  • Endurance: 5 hours
  • Wing loading: 3.0 lb/sq ft (15 kg/m2)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Barnes 1967, p.61
  2. ^ Barnes 1967 pp. 60–61.
  3. ^ Thetford 1982 p.436
  4. ^ Bruce 1957, p. 471.
  5. ^ Goodall 1995, pp. 71–72.
  6. ^ Sturtivant and Page 1992, p. 31
  7. ^ "Two Airmen Killed Near Eastbourne". News in Brief. The Times. No. 41060. London. 11 January 1916. p. 9.
  8. ^ Sturtivant and Page 1992, p. 87

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Short S.38.
  • Barnes, C.H. Shorts Aircraft Since 1900. London: Putnam, 1967.
  • Bruce, J.M. British Aeroplanes 1914–18. London: Putnam, 1957.
  • Goodall, Michael H. The Norman Thompson File. Tunbridge Wells, UK: Air Britain (Historians), 1995. ISBN 0-85130-233-5.
  • Ray Sturtivant and Gordon Page Royal Navy Aircraft Serials and Units 1911–1919 Air-Britain, 1992. ISBN 0-85130-191-6
  • Thetford, Owen British Naval Aircraft Since 1912. London: Putnam, 1982. ISBN 0-370-30021-1
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