USS YP-389: Difference between revisions
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|Ship caption=''USS YP-389 in February 1942.'' |
|Ship caption=''USS YP-389 in February 1942.'' |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox ship career |
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|Ship country=United States |
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|Ship flag={{USN flag|1942}} |
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|Ship name=USS ''YP-389'' |
|Ship name=USS ''YP-389'' |
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|Ship reclassified=AMc-202, 6 February 1942 |
|Ship reclassified=*AMc-202, 6 February 1942 |
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*YP-389, 1 May 1942 |
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|Ship fate=Sunk by U-boat, 19 June 1942 |
|Ship fate=Sunk by U-boat, 19 June 1942 |
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|Ship propulsion=[[Diesel engine]] |
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|Ship armament=1 × [[3 |
|Ship armament=1 × [[3-inch/50-caliber gun|{{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}/50 cal]] [[dual-purpose gun]], 2 × [[M1919 Browning machine gun|.30 cal (7.62 mm)]] [[machine gun]]s |
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'''USS ''YP-389''''' was a [[United States Navy]] yard patrol (YP) boat that served in [[World War II]]. The ship was built in 1941 as the [[fishing trawler]] ''Cohasset'' at the [[Fore River Shipyard]] in [[Quincy, Massachusetts]] for R. O'Brien and Company. |
'''USS ''YP-389''''' was a [[United States Navy]] yard patrol (YP) boat that served in [[World War II]]. The ship was built in 1941 as the [[fishing trawler]] ''Cohasset'' at the [[Fore River Shipyard]] in [[Quincy, Massachusetts]], for R. O'Brien and Company. |
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Acquired by the Navy on 6 February 1942, she was originally designated as a [[coastal minesweeper]], ''AMc-202'', but was reclassified as a District Patrol Craft, ''YP-389'', on 1 May 1942. The {{convert|170|LT|t|lk=in|abbr=on}} ship was equipped with one {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}} [[dual |
Acquired by the Navy on 6 February 1942, she was originally designated as a [[coastal minesweeper]], ''AMc-202'', but was reclassified as a District Patrol Craft, ''YP-389'', on 1 May 1942. The {{convert|170|LT|t|lk=in|abbr=on}} ship was equipped with one {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}} [[dual-purpose gun]] to protect the ship from enemy aircraft and surfaced [[submarine]]s and two [[.30-06 Springfield|{{convert|.30|in|mm|abbr=on}}]] [[machine gun]]s. |
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YP-389 was sunk by a German submarine on 19 June 1942. |
YP-389 was sunk by a German submarine on 19 June 1942. |
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===Background=== |
===Background=== |
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[[German submarine U-701|''U-701'']], under [[Captain Lieutenant]] [[Horst Degen]], was a very successful U-boat during the war. She was a [[German Type VIIC submarine|Type VIIC submarine]], |
[[German submarine U-701|''U-701'']], under [[Captain Lieutenant]] [[Horst Degen]], was a very successful U-boat during the war. She was a [[German Type VIIC submarine|Type VIIC submarine]], displacing 1,070 tons, sent to American waters to destroy allied shipping. An American [[mine (naval)|mine]] field had been laid off [[Cape Hatteras]] to deter U-boat attacks but after an American merchantman struck a mine and sank, the small 170-ton [[naval trawler]] USS ''YP-389'', under [[Lieutenant]] R. J. Phillips, was ordered to patrol the area and warn friendly ships of the mines. |
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The trawler was armed with one 3-inch gun, two [[machine gun]]s and four [[depth charge]]s. However the 3-inch gun had a broken [[firing pin]] which could not be repaired before going out on patrol. The trawler also lacked degaussing equipment and [[sonar]]. This meant she had to be careful around the mines and could only attack a |
The trawler was armed with one 3-inch gun, two [[machine gun]]s and four [[depth charge]]s. However the 3-inch gun had a broken [[firing pin]] which could not be repaired before going out on patrol. The trawler also lacked degaussing equipment and [[sonar]]. This meant she had to be careful around the mines and could only attack a submarine with her machine guns and the depth charges if it was spotted visually. |
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''U-701'' first made contact with ''YP-389'' on or about 10 June 1942 but Captain Degen decided to leave the trawler alone so as to not alert other warships in the area. On 12 June, U-701 mined the channel into Chesapeake Bay.<ref>U-701 History p6</ref> |
''U-701'' first made contact with ''YP-389'' on or about 10 June 1942 but Captain Degen decided to leave the trawler alone so as to not alert other warships in the area. On 12 June, U-701 mined the channel into Chesapeake Bay.<ref>U-701 History p6</ref> |
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For several days afterwards, it seemed as though every time ''U-701'' surfaced each night, the ''YP-389'' was on patrol nearby as if it was following the submarine. However, reports indicate that the Americans had no idea of the Germans' presence until the morning of 19 June. On that day Degen came across the ''YP-389'' accidentally in misty conditions and attacked her to prevent the Americans from giving his position away.<ref |
For several days afterwards, it seemed as though every time ''U-701'' surfaced each night, the ''YP-389'' was on patrol nearby as if it was following the submarine. However, reports indicate that the Americans had no idea of the Germans' presence until the morning of 19 June. On that day Degen came across the ''YP-389'' accidentally in misty conditions and attacked her to prevent the Americans from giving his position away.<ref name="Hickam" /><ref>U-701 history p8</ref> |
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===Battle=== |
===Battle=== |
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The battle began at about 2:45 am and occurred five miles off [[Diamond Shoals]] |
The battle began at about 2:45 am and occurred five miles off [[Diamond Shoals]]: the Germans used their 88-millimeter [[deck gun]] and a 20-millimeter [[anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft gun]] instead of torpedoes, because their target was so small, and when they opened fire the Americans were completely surprised. For over an hour and half the engagement was a chase. ''U-701'' pursued the American boat firing with both guns but it was difficult to hit the trawler in the darkness. It was mainly muzzle flashes from the machine guns on ''YP-389'' that gave the Germans something to aim at. Lieutenant Phillips thought that by releasing his depth charges in front of the chasing U-boat he might be able to damage it or at least scare the Germans off so for the last few moments of the engagement, the Americans dropped charges until being overwhelmed by gunfire. When the ''YP-389'' began to sink, Lieutenant Phillips ordered his men to abandon ship and the battle ended.<ref name="Hickam">Hickam 1996, p. 261–266</ref><ref>U-701 History</ref> |
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===Aftermath=== |
===Aftermath=== |
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[[File:USS YP-389 in 2009.jpg|thumb|upright|Photo mosaic of USS ''YP-389''{{'}}s |
[[File:USS YP-389 in 2009.jpg|thumb|upright|Photo mosaic of USS ''YP-389''{{'}}s wreck in 2009.]] |
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Six American sailors were killed in action and eighteen others went into the water without lifeboats because lowering them meant being exposed to accurate enemy fire and the liferafts had all been shot away. The ''U-701'' was slightly damaged though no casualties were sustained |
Six American sailors were killed in action and eighteen others went into the water without lifeboats because lowering them meant being exposed to accurate enemy fire and the liferafts had all been shot away. The ''U-701'' was slightly damaged though no casualties were sustained. ''U-701'' continued to scour the American [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]] for a few more weeks until being sunk by [[United States Army]] [[bomber]]s not far from Diamond Shoals (7 July 1942).<ref name="Hickam" /> |
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In August 2009, a [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]-led team aboard the NOAA [[research ship]] {{ship|NOAAS|Nancy Foster|R 352}} found and photographed a wreck {{convert|20|nmi}} off [[Cape Hatteras]], [[North Carolina]], and on 9 September 2009 the team's leader announced that the wreck had been identified as that of ''YP-389''. The wreck rests in about {{convert|300|ft|m|0}} of water in a region known as the "[[Graveyard of the Atlantic]]," where several U.S. Navy and [[Royal Navy]] vessels, [[merchant ship]]s, and German U-boats were sunk during the [[Battle of the Atlantic]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2009/20090909_battleofatlantic.html |title=NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA Locates U.S. Navy Ship Sunk in World War II Battle |publisher=noaanews.noaa.gov |access-date=2009-11-13 }}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{reflist |
{{reflist}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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*{{cite book|last=Hickam|first=H. Homer| |
*{{cite book |last=Hickam |first=H. Homer |year=1996 |title=Torpedo Junction: U-Boat War Off America's East Coast, 1942 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=1-55750-362-1}} |
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*http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/missions/battleoftheatlantic/pdfs/u701_history.pdf |
*http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/missions/battleoftheatlantic/pdfs/u701_history.pdf |
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*{{navsource|11/03202|USS YP-389}} |
*{{navsource|11/03202|USS YP-389}} |
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{{coord|34|50|0|N|75|19|59|W|display=title}} |
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{{June 1942 shipwrecks}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:YP-389}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:YP-389}} |
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[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean]] |
[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean]] |
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[[Category:Shipwrecks of the Carolina coast]] |
[[Category:Shipwrecks of the Carolina coast]] |
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[[Category:Ships built in Massachusetts]] |
[[Category:Ships built in Quincy, Massachusetts]] |
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[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1942]] |
[[Category:Maritime incidents in June 1942]] |
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[[Category:1941 ships]] |
[[Category:1941 ships]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:23, 15 June 2022
| History | |
|---|---|
 Vereinigte Staaten | |
| Name | USS YP-389 |
| Builder | Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., Quincy, Massachusetts |
| Launched | 1941 |
| Completed | 9 October 1941 |
| Acquired | 6 February 1942 |
| Reclassified |
|
| Fate | Sunk by U-boat, 19 June 1942 |
| General characteristics | |
| Typ | Patrol boat |
| Displacement | 170 long tons (170 t) |
| Propulsion |
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| Armament | 1 × 3 in (76 mm)/50 cal dual-purpose gun, 2 × .30 cal (7.62 mm) machine guns |
USS YP-389 was a United States Navy yard patrol (YP) boat that served in World War II. The ship was built in 1941 as the fishing trawler Cohasset at the Fore River Shipyard in Quincy, Massachusetts, for R. O'Brien and Company.
Acquired by the Navy on 6 February 1942, she was originally designated as a coastal minesweeper, AMc-202, but was reclassified as a District Patrol Craft, YP-389, on 1 May 1942. The 170 long tons (170 t) ship was equipped with one 3 in (76 mm) dual-purpose gun to protect the ship from enemy aircraft and surfaced submarines and two .30 in (7.6 mm) machine guns.
YP-389 was sunk by a German submarine on 19 June 1942.
Loss
[edit]Background
[edit]U-701, under Captain Lieutenant Horst Degen, was a very successful U-boat during the war. She was a Type VIIC submarine, displacing 1,070 tons, sent to American waters to destroy allied shipping. An American mine field had been laid off Cape Hatteras to deter U-boat attacks but after an American merchantman struck a mine and sank, the small 170-ton naval trawler USS YP-389, under Lieutenant R. J. Phillips, was ordered to patrol the area and warn friendly ships of the mines. The trawler was armed with one 3-inch gun, two machine guns and four depth charges. However the 3-inch gun had a broken firing pin which could not be repaired before going out on patrol. The trawler also lacked degaussing equipment and sonar. This meant she had to be careful around the mines and could only attack a submarine with her machine guns and the depth charges if it was spotted visually.
U-701 first made contact with YP-389 on or about 10 June 1942 but Captain Degen decided to leave the trawler alone so as to not alert other warships in the area. On 12 June, U-701 mined the channel into Chesapeake Bay.[1]
For several days afterwards, it seemed as though every time U-701 surfaced each night, the YP-389 was on patrol nearby as if it was following the submarine. However, reports indicate that the Americans had no idea of the Germans' presence until the morning of 19 June. On that day Degen came across the YP-389 accidentally in misty conditions and attacked her to prevent the Americans from giving his position away.[2][3]
Battle
[edit]The battle began at about 2:45 am and occurred five miles off Diamond Shoals: the Germans used their 88-millimeter deck gun and a 20-millimeter anti-aircraft gun instead of torpedoes, because their target was so small, and when they opened fire the Americans were completely surprised. For over an hour and half the engagement was a chase. U-701 pursued the American boat firing with both guns but it was difficult to hit the trawler in the darkness. It was mainly muzzle flashes from the machine guns on YP-389 that gave the Germans something to aim at. Lieutenant Phillips thought that by releasing his depth charges in front of the chasing U-boat he might be able to damage it or at least scare the Germans off so for the last few moments of the engagement, the Americans dropped charges until being overwhelmed by gunfire. When the YP-389 began to sink, Lieutenant Phillips ordered his men to abandon ship and the battle ended.[2][4]
Aftermath
[edit]
Six American sailors were killed in action and eighteen others went into the water without lifeboats because lowering them meant being exposed to accurate enemy fire and the liferafts had all been shot away. The U-701 was slightly damaged though no casualties were sustained. U-701 continued to scour the American East Coast for a few more weeks until being sunk by United States Army bombers not far from Diamond Shoals (7 July 1942).[2]
In August 2009, a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-led team aboard the NOAA research ship NOAAS Nancy Foster (R 352) found and photographed a wreck 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and on 9 September 2009 the team's leader announced that the wreck had been identified as that of YP-389. The wreck rests in about 300 feet (91 m) of water in a region known as the "Graveyard of the Atlantic," where several U.S. Navy and Royal Navy vessels, merchant ships, and German U-boats were sunk during the Battle of the Atlantic.[5]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- Hickam, H. Homer (1996). Torpedo Junction: U-Boat War Off America's East Coast, 1942. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-362-1.
- http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/missions/battleoftheatlantic/pdfs/u701_history.pdf
- Photo gallery of USS YP-389 at NavSource Naval History
34°50′0″N 75°19′59″W / 34.83333°N 75.33306°W
