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'''Joseph Turner''' (c. 1729–1807) was an architect of Welsh origin who worked in the 18th&nbsp;century.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/component/option,com_parksandgardens/task,person/id,1401/Itemid,292/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906095935/http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/component/option,com_parksandgardens/task,person/id,1401/Itemid,292/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 September 2012 |title=Joseph Turner – Summary |accessdateaccess-date=6 November 2011 |publisher=Parks and Gardens Data Services }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Most of his major works were in North Wales, and in [[Chester]], Cheshire. Almost all of them were in [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] style, with at least one work in [[English Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style, in [[Mold, Flintshire|Mold]], Flintshire, Wales.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hubbard|1986|pp=57–58.}}</ref> Turner also designed memorials in [[Chester Cathedral]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Hartwell|Hyde|Hubbard|Pevsner|2011|pp=40, 227, 229.}}</ref> and in the churches of [[St Peter's Church, Prestbury|St&nbsp;Peter, Prestbury]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Hartwell|Hyde|Hubbard|Pevsner|2011|p=547.}}</ref> [[St Margaret's Church, Wrenbury|St&nbsp;Margaret, Wrenbury]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Hartwell|Hyde|Hubbard|Pevsner|2011|p=691.}}</ref> [[Collegiate and Parochial Church of St Peter, Ruthin|St&nbsp;Peter, Ruthin]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Hubbard|1986|p=275.}}</ref> and [[St Collen’s Church, Llangollen|St&nbsp;Collen, [[Llangollen]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Hubbard|1986|p=220.}}</ref> Turner was a member of Chester Assembly.<ref name=ward>{{Harvnb|Ward|2009|p=79.}}</ref>
 
==Major works==
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! Criteria<ref name=engh>{{Citation | url = http://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/what-is-designation/listed-buildings/| title = Listed Buildings | accessdateaccess-date = 27 March 2015| publisher = [[Historic England]]}}</ref>
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|[[File:ChirkCastle1.JPG|100px]]
|align="center"|1760s–1770s
|Alterations, including provision of new windows, a "Green House" in the garden (1767) (later rebuilt), stables (1768–69), the state dining room (c. 1770–71), and a new staircase leading to the state rooms (1778).<ref>{{Harvnb|Hubbard|1986|pp=122–27.}}</ref><ref>{{CitationNational |Historic urlAssets =of http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/cadw/cadw_eng.php?idWales|num=598 | title desc= Chirk Castle | accessdate mode=cs2 7 November 2011|access-date=3 publisher =April [[Cadw]]2019}}</ref>
|align="center" {{Grade I colour}}|I
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|[[File:St Mary's Church, Mold.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|1768–73
|Turner added the tower in "a credible 18th-century attempt at [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] style".<ref>{{Harvnb|Hubbard|1986|p=389.}}</ref><ref>{{CitationNational |Historic urlAssets =of http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/cadw/cadw_eng.php?idWales|num=383 | title desc= Parish Church ofin St Mary, Mold|mode=cs2 accessdate |access-date=3 7April November 20112019| publisher fewer-links= Cadwyes}}</ref>
|align="center" {{Grade I colour}}|I
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|{{centre|—}}
|align="center"|1770
|A five-arched bridge over the [[River Elwy]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Hubbard|1986|pp=441–442.}}</ref><ref>{{CitationNational |Historic urlAssets =of http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/cadw/cadw_eng.php?idWales|num=1445 | title desc= St. Asaph Bridge|mode=cs2 accessdate |access-date=3 7April November 20112019| publisher fewer-links= Cadwyes}}</ref>
|align="center" {{Grade II* colour}}|II*
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|align="center"|1770
|A pair of lodges in [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] style at the entrance to Chirk Park.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hubbard|1986|p=128.}}</ref><ref>{{CitationNational |Historic urlAssets =of http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/cadw/cadw_eng.php?idWales|num=20227 | title desc= New Hall Gate to Chirk Park: Norththe N Lodge |mode=cs2 accessdate |access-date=3 7April November 20112019| publisher fewer-links= Cadwyes}}</ref><ref>{{CitationNational |Historic urlAssets =of http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/cadw/cadw_eng.php?idWales|num=622 | title desc= New Hall Gate to Chirk Park: Souththe S Lodge |mode=cs2 accessdate |access-date=3 7April November 20112019| publisher fewer-links= Cadwyes}}</ref>
|align="center" {{Grade II colour}}|II
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|[[File:Point of Ayr Lighthouse - geograph.org.uk - 613331.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|1777
|A lighthouse at the northernmost point of Wales.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hubbard|1986|pp=444–45.}}</ref><ref>{{CitationNational |Historic urlAssets =of http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/cadw/cadw_eng.php?idWales|num=520 | title desc= Point of Ayr Lighthouse |mode=cs2 accessdate |access-date=3 7April November 20112019| publisher fewer-links= Cadwyes}}</ref>
|align="center" {{Grade II colour}}|II
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|[[File:The Library, Ruthin - geograph.org.uk - 300698.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|1785–90
|Built initially as a record office, it was extended to be the county hall, including a courthouse. It later became the town's library.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hubbard|1986|pp=276–77.}}</ref><ref>{{CitationNational |Historic urlAssets =of http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/cadw/cadw_eng.php?idWales|num=902 | title desc= Ruthin Library |mode=cs2 accessdate |access-date=3 7April November 20112019| publisher fewer-links= Cadwyes}}</ref>
|align="center" {{Grade II* colour}}|II*
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'''Sources'''
{{refbegin}}
*{{Citation |editor1-last= Langtree|editor1-first= Stephen|editor2-last= Comyns|editor2-first= Alan| year = 2001| title = 2000 Years of Building: Chester's Architectural Legacy| publication-place = Chester| place = | publisher = Chester Civic Trust| pages = | page = | format = | id = | isbn = 0-9540152-0-7}}
*{{Citation | last = Hartwell | first = Clare |last2 = Hyde | first2 = Matthew |last3 = Hubbard | first3 = Edward | author3-link=Edward Hubbard | last4 =Pevsner | first4 =Nikolaus | author4-link =Nikolaus Pevsner | series= The Buildings of England| title = Cheshire |edition= | publisher =[[Yale University Press]]| year =2011| origyearorig-year=1971| location =New Haven and London| pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn =978-0-300-17043-6 }}
*{{Citation | last =Hubbard | first =Edward | authorlink = | author2 = | series= The Buildings of Wales |title = Clwyd |edition= | publisher =[[Penguin Books|Penguin]] | year = 1986| location =London | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn =0-14-071052-3 }}
*{{Citation | last =Ward | first =Simon | authorlink = | author2 = | title =Chester: A History |edition= | publisher =Phillimore | year = 2009 | location =Chichester | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn =978-1-86077-499-7 }}
{{refend}}
 
{{authority control}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Turner, Joseph}}
[[Category:Welsh architects]]
[[Category:NeoclassicalBritish neoclassical architects]]
[[Category:1807 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]

Revision as of 12:47, 23 July 2022

Joseph Turner (c. 1729–1807) was an architect of Welsh origin who worked in the 18th century.[1] Most of his major works were in North Wales, and in Chester, Cheshire. Almost all of them were in Georgian style, with at least one work in Gothic style, in Mold, Flintshire, Wales.[2] Turner also designed memorials in Chester Cathedral,[3] and in the churches of St Peter, Prestbury,[4] St Margaret, Wrenbury,[5] St Peter, Ruthin,[6] and St Collen, Llangollen.[7] Turner was a member of Chester Assembly.[8]

Major works

Key

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Grade Criteria[9]
I Buildings of exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important
II* Particularly important buildings of more than special interest
II Buildings of national importance and special interest
Name Location Photograph Date Notes Grade
Chirk Castle Chirk, Wrexham, Wales
52°56′07″N 3°05′23″W / 52.9352°N 3.0897°W / 52.9352; -3.0897 (Chirk Castle) 		1760s–1770s Alterations, including provision of new windows, a "Green House" in the garden (1767) (later rebuilt), stables (1768–69), the state dining room (c. 1770–71), and a new staircase leading to the state rooms (1778).[10][11] I
St Mary's Church, Mold Mold, Flintshire, Wales
53°10′09″N 3°08′35″W / 53.1691°N 3.1430°W / 53.1691; -3.1430 (St Mary's Church, Mold) 		1768–73 Turner added the tower in "a credible 18th-century attempt at Georgian style".[12][13] I
Bridge St Asaph, Denbighshire, Wales
53°15′23″N 3°26′51″W / 53.2564°N 3.4476°W / 53.2564; -3.4476 (St Asaph Bridge)
—
 1770 A five-arched bridge over the River Elwy.[14][15] II*
New Hall Lodge, Chirk Castle Chirk, Wrexham, Wales
52°56′29″N 3°04′48″W / 52.9414°N 3.0801°W / 52.9414; -3.0801 (New Hall Lodge, Chirk Castle)
—
 1770 A pair of lodges in Georgian style at the entrance to Chirk Park.[16][17][18] II
Entrance gates, lodge and screen Oulton Estate, Cheshire
53°11′01″N 2°36′49″W / 53.1837°N 2.6136°W / 53.1837; -2.6136 (Oulton Park Gates) 		c. 1775 The entrance to the former country house on Oulton Estate.[19][20] II*
Lighthouse Point of Ayr, Flintshire, Wales
53°21′25″N 3°19′20″W / 53.3570°N 3.3222°W / 53.3570; -3.3222 (Point of Ayr Lighthouse) 		1777 A lighthouse at the northernmost point of Wales.[21][22] II
Dyffryn Aled Llansannan, Conwy, Wales 1777 A house demolished in about 1920.[23]
—
10–28 Nicholas Street Chester, Cheshire
53°11′21″N 2°53′42″W / 53.1891°N 2.8951°W / 53.1891; -2.8951 (10–28 Nicholas Street, Chester)
—
 1780 A terrace of ten town houses in Georgian style.[24][25] II
Bridgegate Chester, Cheshire
53°11′10″N 2°53′21″W / 53.1862°N 2.8893°W / 53.1862; -2.8893 (Bridgegate, Chester) 		1781 A replacement for an earlier gateway at the southern entrance to the city. It is in Neoclassical style.[8][26][27][28] I
Flintshire County Gaol Flint Castle, Flint, Flintshire, Wales
—
 1784–85 Built in the outer ward of the castle, this was demolished in 1969.[29]
—
Ruthin Library Record Street, Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales
53°06′49″N 3°18′34″W / 53.1135°N 3.3095°W / 53.1135; -3.3095 (Ruthin Library) 		1785–90 Built initially as a record office, it was extended to be the county hall, including a courthouse. It later became the town's library.[30][31] II*
Watergate Chester, Cheshire
53°11′22″N 2°53′51″W / 53.1894°N 2.8974°W / 53.1894; -2.8974 (Watergate, Chester) 		1788 A replacement for an earlier gateway at the western entrance to the city.[8][27][32][33] I
Bridge of Sighs Chester, Cheshire
53°11′38″N 2°53′37″W / 53.1939°N 2.8937°W / 53.1939; -2.8937 (Bridge of Sighs, Chester)
1793 A bridge linking the former gaol to the chapel of Bluecoat School.[34][35] II

References

Citations

  1. ^ Joseph Turner – Summary, Parks and Gardens Data Services, archived from the original on 6 September 2012, retrieved 6 November 2011
  2. ^ Hubbard 1986, pp. 57–58.
  3. ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, pp. 40, 227, 229.
  4. ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 547.
  5. ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 691.
  6. ^ Hubbard 1986, p. 275.
  7. ^ Hubbard 1986, p. 220.
  8. ^ a b c Ward 2009, p. 79.
  9. ^ Listed Buildings, Historic England, retrieved 27 March 2015
  10. ^ Hubbard 1986, pp. 122–27.
  11. ^ Cadw, "Chirk Castle (598)", National Historic Assets of Wales, retrieved 3 April 2019
  12. ^ Hubbard 1986, p. 389.
  13. ^ Cadw, "Parish Church in St Mary (383)", National Historic Assets of Wales, retrieved 3 April 2019
  14. ^ Hubbard 1986, pp. 441–442.
  15. ^ Cadw, "St. Asaph (1445)", National Historic Assets of Wales, retrieved 3 April 2019
  16. ^ Hubbard 1986, p. 128.
  17. ^ Cadw, "New Hall Gate to Chirk Park: the N Lodge (20227)", National Historic Assets of Wales, retrieved 3 April 2019
  18. ^ Cadw, "New Hall Gate to Chirk Park: the S Lodge (622)", National Historic Assets of Wales, retrieved 3 April 2019
  19. ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 432.
  20. ^ Historic England, "Screen, lodges and gates at Oulton Park (1138435)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 November 2011
  21. ^ Hubbard 1986, pp. 444–45.
  22. ^ Cadw, "Point of Ayr Lighthouse (520)", National Historic Assets of Wales, retrieved 3 April 2019
  23. ^ Hubbard 1986, p. 241.
  24. ^ Langtree & Comyns 2001, p. 131.
  25. ^ Historic England, "Number 10–28 and steps, railings and lamp holder, Nicholas Street, Chester (1376327)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 November 2011
  26. ^ Langtree & Comyns 2001, p. 132.
  27. ^ a b Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 254.
  28. ^ Historic England, "The Bridgegate, Chester (1376320)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 November 2011
  29. ^ Hubbard 1986, p. 349.
  30. ^ Hubbard 1986, pp. 276–77.
  31. ^ Cadw, "Ruthin Library (902)", National Historic Assets of Wales, retrieved 3 April 2019
  32. ^ Langtree & Comyns 2001, p. 133.
  33. ^ Historic England, "The Watergate, Chester (1376468)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 November 2011
  34. ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 270.
  35. ^ Historic England, "Bridge of Sighs, Chester (1375967)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 November 2011

Sources

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