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The Congress of Tucumán was the representative assembly, initially meeting in San Miguel de Tucumán, that declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America (modern-day Argentina, Uruguay, part of Bolivia) on July 9, 1816, from the Spanish Empire.

Overview[edit]

Following the May Revolution of 1810, the Viceroy had been replaced by the Primera Junta. The provinces had been moving towards full independence but royalist forces from the Viceroyalty of Peru have had the upper hand in the Upper Peru and were threatening the revolution.

On April 15, 1815, a revolution ended the mandate of Carlos María de Alvear and called a General Congress. Delegate deputies, each representing 15,000 inhabitants, were sent from all the provinces to the sessions that started on March 24, 1816. Nevertheless, some territories that formerly belonged to the Viceroyalty of the River Plate did not take part in the Congress: the delegates from the Banda Oriental ('Eastern Bank', today Uruguay) and other Liga Federal provinces, faithful to the democratic federalist project of José Gervasio Artigas were rejected based on formalities; Paraguay had already proclaimed its independence from Spain and remained isolated from the United Provinces politics. Representatives from Upper Peru Provinces (current Bolivia) were, however, present.

The congress was inaugurated in the house of Francisca Bazán de Laguna, consisted of 33 deputies, and its presidency rotated on a monthly basis. Because the congress had freedom to select the agenda, there were endless discussions. On July 9, it declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America, a name that was intended to appeal and eventually incorporate other Spanish American independentist regions that were not represented at the Congress.

At that time, the President of the Congress was Francisco Narciso de Laprida, delegate from San Juan Province. Subsequent discussions centred on the form of government that the young state should have and were the Congress and the executive power should reside.

The congress continued its work in Buenos Aires since 1817 and issued a Constitution in 1819, but the Constitution was rejected and the Congress was dissolved in 1820 after the Federal League Provinces of Santa Fe and Entre Ríos defeated a diminished Directorship army at the Battle of Cepeda, that staged the Unitarian (v.g. Centralist) versus Federal conflict on the battlefield.

The house where the declaration was made was rebuilt and is now a museum and monument. It is known as the "House of Tucumán".

Signatories of the declaration[edit]

Francisco Narciso de Laprida, Deputy for San Juan, President
Mariano Boedo, Deputy for Salta, Vice-president
José Mariano Serrano, Deputy for Charcas (present Bolivia), Secretary
Juan José Paso, Deputy for Buenos Aires, Secretary
Dr. Antonio Sáenz, Deputy for Buenos Aires
Dr. José Darragueira, Deputy for Buenos Aires
Friar Cayetano José Rodríguez, Deputy for Buenos Aires
Dr. Pedro Medrano, Deputy for Buenos Aires
Dr. Manuel Antonio Acevedo, Deputy for Catamarca
Dr. José Ignacio de Gorriti, Deputy for Salta
Dr. José Andrés Pacheco de Melo, Deputy for Chichas (present Bolivia)
Dr. Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante, Deputy for Jujuy
Eduardo Pérez Bulnes, Deputy for Córdoba
Tomás Godoy Cruz, Deputy for Mendoza
Dr. Pedro Miguel Aráoz, Deputy for Tucumán
Dr. Esteban Agustín Gazcón, Deputy for Buenos Aires
Pedro Francisco de Uriarte, Deputy for Santiago del Estero
Pedro León Gallo, Deputy for Santiago del Estero
Pedro Ignacio Rivera, Deputy for Mizque (present Bolivia)
Dr. Mariano Sánchez de Loria, Deputy for Charcas (present Bolivia)
Dr. José Severo Malabia, Deputy for Charcas (present Bolivia)
Dr. Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros, Deputy for La Rioja
Lic. Gerónimo Salguero de Cabrera y Cabrera, Deputy for Córdoba
Dr. José Colombres, Deputy for Catamarca
Dr. José Ignacio Thames, Deputy for Tucumán
Friar Justo de Santa María de Oro, Deputy for San Juan
José Antonio Cabrera, Deputy for Córdoba
Dr. Juan Agustín Maza, Deputy for Mendoza
Tomás Manuel de Anchorena, Deputy for Buenos Aires

References[edit]

Ministry of Education: Congress of Tucumán (in Spanish)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|1816 assembly in which the United Provinces of South America declared independence from Spain}}
+{{Redirect|Congreso de Tucumán|the subway station|Congreso de Tucumán (Buenos Aires Underground)}}
 {{History of Argentina}}
-The '''Congress of Tucumán''' was the representative assembly, initially meeting in [[San Miguel de Tucumán|Tucumán]], that [[Argentine Declaration of Independence|declared the independence]] of the [[United Provinces of South America]] (modern-day [[Argentina]]) on July 9, 1816, from the [[Spanish Empire]].
+The '''Congress of Tucumán''' was the representative assembly, initially meeting in [[San Miguel de Tucumán]], that [[Argentine Declaration of Independence|declared the independence]] of the [[United Provinces of the Río de la Plata|United Provinces of South America]] (modern-day [[Argentina]], [[Uruguay]], part of [[Bolivia]]) on July 9, 1816, from the [[Spanish Empire]].
 ==Overview==
-Following the [[May Revolution]] of 1810, the [[Viceroyalty of the River Plate]] had been replaced by the [[Primera Junta]]. The provinces had been moving towards full independence but royalist forces had had success in battle in what was the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]] and were threatening [[José de San Martín]] and [[Buenos Aires]].
+Following the [[May Revolution]] of 1810, the [[Viceroyalty of the River Plate|Viceroy]] had been replaced by the [[Primera Junta]]. The provinces had been moving towards full independence but royalist forces from the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]] have had the upper hand in the [[Upper Peru]] and were threatening the revolution.
-[[Image:Casa_de_Tucum%C3%A1n.jpg|left|thumb|Site of the Congress of Tucumán, not long after the event.  Restored in 1941, it was made a National Monument.]]
+[[Image:Casa de Tucumán.jpg|left|thumb|Site of the Congress of Tucumán. Restored in 1941, it was made a National Monument.]]
-On April 15, 1815, a revolution ended the mandate of [[Carlos María de Alvear]] and called a General Congress. Delegate deputies, each representing 15,000 inhabitants, were sent from all the [[provinces of Argentina|provinces]] to the sessions that started on March 24, 1816. Nevertheless, several territories that until then belonged to the Viceroyalty of the River Plate did not send any delegates: the ''[[Banda Oriental]]'' ('Eastern Bank', today [[Uruguay]]) that was faithful to [[Artigas]]; [[Paraguay]], which had already proclaimed its independence; and the provinces of the [[Gran Chaco]] and [[Mesopotamia, Argentina|Mesopotamia]], still fighting the [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|aboriginal resistance]]. Representatives of what is now [[Bolivia]] were however present.
+On April 15, 1815, a revolution ended the mandate of [[Carlos María de Alvear]] and called a General Congress. Delegate deputies, each representing 15,000 inhabitants, were sent from all the [[provinces of Argentina|provinces]] to the sessions that started on March 24, 1816. Nevertheless, some territories that formerly belonged to the Viceroyalty of the River Plate did not take part in the Congress: the delegates from the ''[[Banda Oriental]]'' ('Eastern Bank', today [[Uruguay]]) and other [[Liga Federal]] provinces, faithful to the democratic federalist project of [[José Gervasio Artigas]] were rejected based on formalities; [[Paraguay]] had already proclaimed its independence from Spain and remained isolated from the United Provinces politics. Representatives from Upper Peru Provinces (current [[Bolivia]]) were, however, present.
-The congress was inaugurated in the Tucumán home of Francisca Bazán de Laguna, with 33 deputies, and as had been decided, the presidency of the congress was rotated monthly. Because the congress had freedom to choose the topics to discuss, there were endless discussions.
+The congress was inaugurated in the house of Francisca Bazán de Laguna, consisted of 33 deputies, and its presidency rotated on a monthly basis. Because the congress had freedom to select the agenda, there were endless discussions. On July 9, it [[Argentine Declaration of Independence|declared the independence]] of the [[United Provinces of South America]], a name that was intended to appeal and eventually incorporate other [[Spanish American wars of independence|Spanish American independentist regions]] that were not represented at the Congress.
-Voting finally ended on [[July 9]], with the declaration of independence of the country. At the time the president of the Congress was [[Francisco Narciso de Laprida]], delegate from [[San Juan Province (Argentina)|San Juan Province]]. Subsequent discussions centred on the form of government that the young state should have.
+At that time, the President of the Congress was [[Francisco Narciso de Laprida]], delegate from [[San Juan Province (Argentina)|San Juan Province]]. Subsequent discussions centred on the form of government that the young state should have and were the Congress and the executive power should reside.
-The congress continued its work in Buenos Aires in 1817, but it dissolved in 1820 after the [[Battle of Cepeda (1820)|Battle of Cepeda]] that deepened the differences between [[Unitarian Party|Unitarians]] and [[Federales (Argentina)|Federals]].
+The congress continued its work in Buenos Aires since 1817 and issued a [[Argentine Constitution of 1819|Constitution in 1819]], but the Constitution was rejected and the Congress was dissolved in 1820 after the [[Liga Federal|Federal League]] Provinces of Santa Fe and Entre Ríos defeated a [[Arequito Revolt|diminished]] [[Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata|Directorship]] army at the [[Battle of Cepeda (1820)|Battle of Cepeda]], that staged the [[Unitarian Party|Unitarian]] (v.g. ''Centralist'') versus [[Federales (Argentina)|Federal]] conflict on the battlefield.
-The house where the declaration was made was rebuilt and is now a museum and monument, the [[House of Tucumán]].
+The house where the declaration was made was rebuilt and is now a museum and monument. It is known as the "[[House of Tucumán]]".
 ==Signatories of the declaration==
 *[[Francisco Narciso de Laprida]], Deputy for [[San Juan Province (Argentina)|San Juan]], President
 *[[Mariano Boedo]], Deputy for [[Salta Province|Salta]], Vice-president
-*[[José Mariano Serrano]], Deputy for [[Charcas]] (present [[Bolivia]]), Secretary
+*[[José Mariano Serrano]], Deputy for [[Sucre|Charcas]] (present [[Bolivia]]), Secretary
 *[[Juan José Paso]], Deputy for [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]], Secretary
 *Dr. [[Antonio Sáenz]], Deputy for [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]]
 *Dr. [[José Darragueira]], Deputy for [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]]
 *Friar [[Cayetano José Rodríguez]], Deputy for [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]]
 *Dr. [[Pedro Medrano]], Deputy for [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]]
 *Dr. [[Manuel Antonio Acevedo]], Deputy for [[Catamarca Province|Catamarca]]
 *Dr. [[José Ignacio de Gorriti]], Deputy for [[Salta Province|Salta]]
 *Dr. [[José Andrés Pacheco de Melo]], Deputy for Chichas (present [[Bolivia]])
 *Dr. [[Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante]], Deputy for [[Jujuy Province|Jujuy]]
 *[[Eduardo Pérez Bulnes]], Deputy for [[Córdoba Province (Argentina)|Córdoba]]
 *[[Tomás Godoy Cruz]], Deputy for [[Mendoza Province|Mendoza]]
 *Dr. [[Pedro Miguel Aráoz]], Deputy for [[Tucumán Province|Tucumán]]
 *Dr. [[Esteban Agustín Gazcón]], Deputy for [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]]
 *[[Pedro Francisco de Uriarte]], Deputy for [[Santiago del Estero Province|Santiago del Estero]]
 *[[Pedro León Gallo]], Deputy for [[Santiago del Estero Province|Santiago del Estero]]
 *[[Pedro Ignacio Rivera]], Deputy for [[Mizque Province|Mizque]] (present [[Bolivia]])
-*Dr. [[Mariano Sánchez de Loria]], Deputy for [[Charcas]] (present [[Bolivia]])
+*Dr. [[Mariano Sánchez de Loria]], Deputy for [[Sucre|Charcas]] (present [[Bolivia]])
-*Dr. [[José Severo Malabia]], Deputy for [[Charcas]] (present [[Bolivia]])
+*Dr. [[José Severo Malabia]], Deputy for [[Sucre|Charcas]] (present [[Bolivia]])
 *Dr. [[Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros]], Deputy for [[La Rioja Province (Argentina)|La Rioja]]
 *Lic. [[Gerónimo Salguero de Cabrera y Cabrera]], Deputy for [[Córdoba Province (Argentina)|Córdoba]]
 *Dr. [[José Colombres]], Deputy for [[Catamarca Province|Catamarca]]
 *Dr. [[José Ignacio Thames]], Deputy for  [[Tucumán Province|Tucumán]]
 *Friar [[Justo de Santa María de Oro]], Deputy for [[San Juan Province (Argentina)|San Juan]]
 *[[José Antonio Cabrera]], Deputy for [[Córdoba Province (Argentina)|Córdoba]]
 *Dr. [[Juan Agustín Maza]], Deputy for [[Mendoza Province|Mendoza]]
 *[[Tomás Manuel de Anchorena]], Deputy for [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]]
 ==References==
+{{Commons category|Congreso de Tucumán}}
-*[http://www.me.gov.ar/efeme/9dejulio/congreso.html Ministry of Education: Congress of Tucumán {{es icon}}]
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090224144926/http://www.me.gov.ar/efeme/9dejulio/congreso.html Ministry of Education: Congress of Tucumán {{in lang|es}}]
 {{Congreso de Tucumán}}
+{{Authority control}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Congress of Tucuman}}
 [[Category:Argentine War of Independence]]
 [[Category:Argentine historical congresses]]
-[[Category:History of Bolivia]]
+[[Category:1816 in Bolivia]]
 [[Category:San Miguel de Tucumán]]
-[[Category:1816 establishments in Argentina]]
+[[Category:1816 in Argentina]]
-[[Category:1820 disestablishments]]
 [[Category:Defunct unicameral legislatures]]
-[[de:Kongress von Tucumán]]
-[[es:Congreso de Tucumán]]
-[[fr:Congrès de Tucumán]]
-[[oc:Congrès de Tucumán]]
-[[tr:Tucumán Kongresi]]
-[[zh:图库曼议会]]

Authority control databases
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