Berkeley Marine Corps Recruiting Center protests: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|2007 anti-war protest in Berkeley, California}} |
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{{use mdy dates|date=September 2016}} |
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[[File:Backs of Police and Code Pink.JPG|thumb|right|Code Pink demonstrators in front of Berkeley City Hall on February 12, 2008.]] |
[[File:Backs of Police and Code Pink.JPG|thumb|right|Code Pink demonstrators in front of Berkeley City Hall on February 12, 2008.]] |
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The '''Berkeley Marine Corps Recruiting Center protests''' began in September 2007 when a small group of protesters from [[Code Pink]] began periodically protesting in front of a [[United States Marine Corps]] [[Officer (armed forces)|Officer Selection Office]] located in [[Downtown Berkeley, California|Downtown]] [[Berkeley, California]] at 64 [[Shattuck Avenue]] by standing in front of the office holding banners and placing signs.<ref name="DP Code Pink Protests">{{cite |
The '''Berkeley Marine Corps Recruiting Center protests''' began in September 2007 when a small group of protesters from [[Code Pink]] began periodically protesting in front of a [[United States Marine Corps]] [[Officer (armed forces)|Officer Selection Office]] located in [[Downtown Berkeley, California|Downtown]] [[Berkeley, California]] at 64 [[Shattuck Avenue]] by standing in front of the office holding banners and placing signs.<ref name="DP Code Pink Protests">{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharjee |first1=Riya |title=Code Pink Protests Marine Recruitment Center |url=http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-09-28/article/28097?headline=Code-Pink-Protests-Marine-Recruitment-Center--By-Riya-Bhattacharjee |work=[[Berkeley Daily Planet]] |date=2007-09-28 |accessdate=July 27, 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727090002/http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-09-28/article/28097?headline=Code-Pink-Protests-Marine-Recruitment-Center--By-Riya-Bhattacharjee |archivedate=July 27, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Lawmakers"/> The recruiting center had been located in Berkeley since January 2007. On October 17, 2007, the group [[Move America Forward]] held a counter protest. |
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On January 29, 2008, the Berkeley City Council passed a series of motions concerning the recruiting center. |
On January 29, 2008, the Berkeley City Council passed a series of motions concerning the recruiting center. The most controversial motions ordered the city clerk to draft a letter calling the Berkeley Marines "unwelcome intruders" and another motion gave Code Pink a parking permit on Wednesdays and a noise permit. The motions drew national media coverage. Some veterans groups and conservatives were angered by the motions. National and state laws were drafted to remove funding for Berkeley. The Berkeley City Council changed the wording in the letter February 13, 2008, to remove the most controversial wording and communicate support for the troops but opposition to the war. On the previous day, 2000 protesters at its peak gathered outside city hall to protest against and in support of the motion. The national media coverage of the matter significantly declined following Berkeley's amended language. Legislation backed by [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] members of Congress concerning removing earmarks continued through the legislative process, though with little chance of passing, and Move America Forward launched a new advertisement criticizing the Berkeley City Council. Code Pink continues to collect signatures to put a measure on the ballot to remove the recruiting center. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Berkeley had a previous history of opposition to Marine recruiting. |
Berkeley had a previous history of opposition to Marine recruiting. In 2007, Berkeley High School became the last in the United States to give student contact information to the military without student permission. The school's previous policy required students to give permission for their contact information to be given to the military.<ref name="Protests again"/> |
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In January 2007, the Marine Recruiting Center for the northern [[Bay Area]] relocated from [[Alameda, California|Alameda]] to downtown Berkeley in order to be closer to the [[University of California, Berkeley]].<ref name="Protests again">{{cite |
In January 2007, the Marine Recruiting Center for the northern [[Bay Area]] relocated from [[Alameda, California|Alameda]] to downtown Berkeley in order to be closer to the [[University of California, Berkeley]].<ref name="Protests again">{{cite news |url= http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Code-Pink-finds-Marine-recruiters-in-Berkeley-2499308.php |title=Code Pink finds Marine recruiters in Berkeley - protests begin |last=Jones |first= Carolyn |date= 2007-10-04 |work= [[San Francisco Chronicle]] |accessdate= 2008-02-24}}</ref><ref name="DC Protests Follow">{{cite news |url=http://www.dailycal.org/article/26463/protests_follow_recruiting_center_to_berkeley |title=Protests Follow Recruiting Center to Berkeley |last=Kwong |first=Jessica |date=2007-10-17 |work=[[The Daily Californian]] |accessdate=2008-02-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216033222/http://www.dailycal.org/article/26463/protests_follow_recruiting_center_to_berkeley |archivedate=February 16, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> There were no protests until late September 2007 when protests outside the recruiting office began. Code Pink and [[Grandmothers Against the War]] were among the first groups to protest. Code Pink said it would protest the recruiting center every Wednesday.<ref name="Protests again"/> |
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On Wednesday, October 17, 2007, a protest between those opposing the recruitment center and those who supported it, led by conservative radio talk-show host [[Melanie Morgan]], co-founder of [[Move America Forward]], occurred outside the recruiting center. |
On Wednesday, October 17, 2007, a protest between those opposing the recruitment center and those who supported it, led by conservative radio talk-show host [[Melanie Morgan]], co-founder of [[Move America Forward]], occurred outside the recruiting center. The protest included chants, singing, flag waving, and verbal shouting back and forth. Police separated the two groups for safety.<ref name="Safety">{{cite news |url= http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Supporters-protesters-wage-a-war-of-words-over-2496320.php |title=Supporters, protesters wage a war of words over Berkeley recruiting station |author-link=Henry K. Lee |last=Lee |first=Henry K. |date= 2007-10-18 |work= [[San Francisco Chronicle]] |accessdate= 2008-02-24}}</ref> Some nearby businesses have complained about the noise level. Some motorists have honked in approval adding to the noise level.<ref name="Group">{{cite news |url= http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Group-protests-Marine-recruiters-in-Berkeley-3296176.php |title=Group protests Marine recruiters in Berkeley |last= Fagan |first= Kevin |date= 2008-02-01 |work = [[San Francisco Chronicle]] |accessdate= 2008-02-16}}</ref> |
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On January 29, 2008, Code Pink began collecting the 5,000 signatures necessary to qualify a city measure for the ballot that would require public hearings before military recruiting offices could open near schools.<ref name="Group"/> |
On January 29, 2008, Code Pink began collecting the 5,000 signatures necessary to qualify a city measure for the ballot that would require public hearings before military recruiting offices could open near schools.<ref name="Group"/> Former Marine Staff Sgt. Bill Hamilton, who was involved in several altercations with protestors, told the ''San Francisco Chronicle'' that the recruiting office was only for recruiting college not high school students.<ref name="Group"/> |
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On February 1, 2008, protesters from [[The World Can't Wait]], chained themselves to the doorway of the recruiting office, blocking the entrance, and preventing people from moving in and out.<ref name=FaceOff>{{cite news | title = |
On February 1, 2008, protesters from [[The World Can't Wait]], chained themselves to the doorway of the recruiting office, blocking the entrance, and preventing people from moving in and out.<ref name=FaceOff>{{cite news | title = Facing off over Marine Corps: 3 war opponents chain selves to door of recruiting station, and right-wing blogosphere goes ballistic |date= February 2, 2008 |author=Rubenstein, Steve |author2=Kevin Fagan |work = San Francisco Chronicle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Facing-off-over-Marine-Corps-3296455.php |accessdate = 2008-02-10}}</ref><ref name="WCW"> |
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{{cite news |title = |
{{cite news |title = Three Chain Themselves to Marine Recruiting Center Doors |author=Scherr, Judith |date=February 1, 2008| work = Berkeley Daily Planet | url=http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2008-02-01/article/29093?status=301 | accessdate = 2008-02-10 }}</ref><ref name="Further protests">{{cite news |url= http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2008-02-05/article/29098?headline=Protesters-Chain-Selves-To-Recruit-Center-Doors&status=301 |title= Protesters Chain Selves To Recruit Center Doors |last= Scherr |first= Judith |date= 2008-02-05 |work = [[Berkeley Daily Planet]] |accessdate= 2008-02-06}}</ref> |
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}}</ref><ref name="Further protests">{{cite web|url= http://www.berkeleydaily.org/article.cfm?issue=02-05-08&storyID=29098|title= Protesters Chain Selves To Recruit Center Doors|accessdate= 2008-02-06|last= Scherr|first= Judith|date= 2008-02-05|work = [[Berkeley Daily Planet]]}}</ref> |
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{{wide image|Code Pink--Green Zone Truck--Berkeley Marine Center Protest--2008 March 14.jpg|800px|[[Code Pink]] protesters on March 14, 2008.}} |
{{wide image|Code Pink--Green Zone Truck--Berkeley Marine Center Protest--2008 March 14.jpg|800px|[[Code Pink]] protesters on March 14, 2008.}} |
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==City Council response== |
==City Council response== |
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On January 29, 2008 the Berkeley [[City Council]] passed two motions regarding the controversy.<ref name="DC City Council Passes Motions">{{cite |
On January 29, 2008 the Berkeley [[City Council]] passed two motions regarding the controversy.<ref name="DC City Council Passes Motions">{{cite news |url=http://www.dailycal.org/article/100144/city_council_passes_motions_criticizing_marines_of |title=City Council Passes Motions Criticizing Marines Office |last=Shalev |first=Asaf |date=2008-01-30 |work=[[The Daily Californian]] |accessdate=2008-02-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080203125457/http://www.dailycal.org/article/100144/city_council_passes_motions_criticizing_marines_of |archivedate=February 3, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> The first motion, passed 8-1, gave anti-war protesters Code Pink a reserved parking space in front of the recruitment center and waived the normally required noise permits so they could operate their loud speaker. Gordon Wozniak of District 8 was the sole opponent of this motion. Since passing this motion, Code Pink has had an almost daily presence outside the recruiting office.<ref name="DC City Council Passes Motions" /><ref name="Offense"/> |
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The Berkeley City Council 6-3, passed a motion to have the city clerk write a letter to the [[U.S. Marine Corps]] to inform them that they were "uninvited and unwelcome intruders" in the city of Berkeley.<ref name="Offense">{{cite news | title = Berkeley's Marines offensive | date= February 5, 2008| author = Debra |
The Berkeley City Council 6-3, passed a motion to have the city clerk write a letter to the [[U.S. Marine Corps]] to inform them that they were "uninvited and unwelcome intruders" in the city of Berkeley.<ref name="Offense">{{cite news | title = Berkeley's Marines offensive | date= February 5, 2008| author = Debra Saunders| author-link = Debra Saunders| work = San Francisco Chronicle | url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Berkeley-s-Marines-offensive-3228257.php | accessdate = 2008-02-10}}</ref><ref name=BerkeleyCC>{{cite web |url=http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/ContentDisplay.aspx?id=11704 |title="12. Marine Recruiting Office in Berkeley" (Includes 3 passed recommendations) |work=Regular Meeting Annotated Agenda |date=January 29, 2008 |publisher=Berkeley City Council |accessdate=2008-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220050956/http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/ContentDisplay.aspx?id=11704 |archive-date=February 20, 2008 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="Rescind">{{cite news |title = In Berkeley, push to rescind letter to Marines |date = February 5, 2008 |author=Jones, Carolyn |work = San Francisco Chronicle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/In-Berkeley-push-to-rescind-letter-to-Marines-3227862.php |accessdate = 2008-02-10}}</ref> The motion stated that the United States had a history of "launching illegal, immoral and unprovoked wars of aggression" and that "military recruiters are salespeople known to lie to and seduce minors and young adults into contracting themselves into military service with false promises regarding jobs, job training, education and other benefits." This motion was opposed by councilmembers Betty Olds, Kriss Worthington and Gordon Wozniak, representing Districts 6, 7 and 8 respectively.<ref name="Rec">{{cite web |author=Steve Freedkin | title = Marine Recruiting Office in Berkeley - Peace and Justice Commission recommendation | publisher = Berkeley City Council |url=http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/uploadedFiles/Clerk/2008-01-29_Item_12_Marine_Recruiting_Office_in_Berkeley.pdf |accessdate = 2008-01-29}}</ref> The Berkeley City Council also asked the city attorney to investigate the possibility of fining the Marines for violating the city's ordinance requiring equal-opportunity hiring without regard to sexual orientation because of the military's [[don't ask, don't tell]] policy.<ref name="DC City Council Passes Motions" /><ref name="Rec"/> |
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{{cite web | title = Marine Recruiting Office in Berkeley - Peace and Justice Commission recommendation | publisher = Berkeley City Council | format = PDF |url=http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/uploadedFiles/Clerk/2008-01-29_Item_12_Marine_Recruiting_Office_in_Berkeley.pdf |accessdate = 2008-01-29}}</ref> |
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The Berkeley City Council also asked the city attorney to investigate the possibility of fining the Marines for violating the city's ordinance requiring equal-opportunity hiring without regard to sexual orientation because of the military's [[don't ask, don't tell]] policy.<ref name="DC City Council Passes Motions" /><ref name="Rec"/> |
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==Responses== |
==Responses== |
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[[File:Guy Houston.JPG|thumb|150px|[[California Assembly|California Assembly member]] [[Guy Houston]] authored legislation to remove over $3 million in transit funding from Berkeley. |
[[File:Guy Houston.JPG|thumb|150px|[[California Assembly|California Assembly member]] [[Guy Houston]] authored legislation to remove over $3 million in transit funding from Berkeley. He also appeared at the February 12 protest.]] |
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The position taken by the Berkeley City Council was interpreted by many across the country as a sign that they did not [[support the troops]].<ref name="DC Revisit Vote">{{cite |
The position taken by the Berkeley City Council was interpreted by many across the country as a sign that they did not [[support the troops]].<ref name="DC Revisit Vote">{{cite news |url=http://www.dailycal.org/article/100233/council_members_to_revisit_vote |title=Council Members to Revisit Vote |last=Shin |first=Jane |date=2008-02-05 |work=[[The Daily Californian]] |accessdate=2008-02-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080330054822/http://www.dailycal.org/article/100233/council_members_to_revisit_vote |archivedate=March 30, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> Berkeley's motion was followed by a backlash in conservative blogs and among conservative lawmakers, including introduction of the "Semper Fi Act" in Congress to cancel several million dollars in specific federal funding for public primary and secondary education programs, the University of California, Berkeley, and key transportation programs including a proposed state-operated ferry service to Albany and Berkeley.<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |title = Berkeley to Marines: You're 'not welcome in our city' |date= February 8, 2008 |author=Drash, Wayne |publisher = CNN | url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/02/07/berkeley.protests/index.html | accessdate = 2008-02-09}}</ref> In response to the council's vote, on February 1, 2008 [[United States Senator|Senator]] [[Jim DeMint]] said that he would introduce legislation that would strip Berkeley of its $2,392,000 in [[federal funding]].<ref name="DC Threat on City Funds">{{cite news |url=http://www.dailycal.org/article/100199/marines_vote_leads_to_threat_on_city_funds |title=Marines Vote Leads to Threat on City Funds: Sen. Jim DeMint, R-S.C., to Introduce Bill To Remove City's $2.3 Million in Earmarks |last=Fife |first=Taylor |author2=Shin, Jane |date=2008-02-04 |work=[[The Daily Californian]] |accessdate=2008-02-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207074421/http://www.dailycal.org/article/100199/marines_vote_leads_to_threat_on_city_funds |archivedate=February 7, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> On February 6, 2008 Jim DeMint was joined by [[Saxby Chambliss]], [[Tom Coburn]], [[John Cornyn]], [[James Inhofe]], and [[David Vitter]] in the Senate to introduce the Semper Fi Act of 2008 which would strip federal funding from Berkeley.<ref name="SJM Lawmakers">{{cite news |url= http://www.mercurynews.com/2008/02/06/lawmakers-aim-to-punish-berkeley-over-anti-marines-stance/ |title= Lawmakers aim to punish Berkeley over anti-Marines stance |last= Oakley |first= Doug |date= 2008-02-07 |work= [[San Jose Mercury News]] |accessdate= 2008-02-07}}</ref> In total, the bill was co-sponsored by 10 senators.<ref name="Lawmakers"/> The bill strips $243,000 from the [[Chez Panisse Foundation]] which provides school lunches to children in Berkeley, and $975,000 allocated to build the Matsui Center for Politics and Public Service at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] which would have created an archive of [[Bob Matsui|Robert Matsui's]] papers and a new endowment.<ref name="Lawmakers"/><ref name="SJM Lawmakers" /> The bill was defeated on March 13, 2008.<ref name="DC NIB Bill" /> |
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{{cite news |title = Berkeley to Marines: You're 'not welcome in our city' |date= February 8, 2008 |author=Drash, Wayne |publisher = CNN | url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/02/07/berkeley.protests/index.html| accessdate = 2008-02-09}}</ref> In response to the council's vote, on February 1, 2008 [[United States Senator|Senator]] [[Jim DeMint]] said that he would introduce legislation that would strip Berkeley of its $2,392,000 in [[federal funding]].<ref name="DC Threat on City Funds">{{cite web|url= http://www.dailycal.org/article/100199/marines_vote_leads_to_threat_on_city_funds|title= Marines Vote Leads to Threat on City Funds: Sen. Jim DeMint, R-S.C., to Introduce Bill To Remove City's $2.3 Million in Earmarks|accessdate= 2008-02-05|last=Fife|first=Taylor|author2=Shin, Jane|date= 2008-02-04|work = [[The Daily Californian]] |
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|publisher=Independent Berkeley Students Publishing Company, Inc.}}</ref> On February 6, 2008 Jim DeMint was joined by [[Saxby Chambliss]], [[Tom Coburn]], [[John Cornyn]], [[James Inhofe]], and [[David Vitter]] in the Senate to introduce the Semper Fi Act of 2008 which would strip federal funding from Berkeley.<ref name="SJM Lawmakers">{{cite web|url= http://www.mercurynews.com/crime/ci_8193511|title= Lawmakers aim to punish Berkeley over anti-Marines stance|accessdate= 2008-02-07|last= Oakley|first= Doug|date= 2008-02-07|work= [[San Jose Mercury News]]|publisher= [[MediaNews Group]]}}</ref> In total, the bill was co-sponsored by 10 senators.<ref name="Lawmakers"/> The bill strips $243,000 from the [[Chez Panisse Foundation]] which provides school lunches to children in Berkeley, and $975,000 allocated to build the Matsui Center for Politics and Public Service at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] which would have created an archive of [[Bob Matsui|Robert Matsui's]] papers and a new endowment.<ref name="Lawmakers"/><ref name="SJM Lawmakers" /> The bill was defeated on March 13, 2008.<ref name="DC NIB Bill" /> |
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UC Berkeley Chancellor [[Robert Birgeneau]] sent a letter to 52 lawmakers in Washington stating that UC Berkeley had no connection to the council's decision, that the UC campus and the city of Berkeley are completely separate institutions, that the Berkeley City Council has no authority over the UC campus, that UC Berkeley has long standing [[Reserve Officer Training Corps|ROTC]] programs, and that he believed the council proposals were "ill advised, intemperate and hurtful, particularly to the young men and women and their families who are sacrificing so much for our country."<ref name="Lawmakers"/> |
UC Berkeley Chancellor [[Robert Birgeneau]] sent a letter to 52 lawmakers in Washington stating that UC Berkeley had no connection to the council's decision, that the UC campus and the city of Berkeley are completely separate institutions, that the Berkeley City Council has no authority over the UC campus, that UC Berkeley has long standing [[Reserve Officer Training Corps|ROTC]] programs, and that he believed the council proposals were "ill advised, intemperate and hurtful, particularly to the young men and women and their families who are sacrificing so much for our country."<ref name="Lawmakers"/> City Council member Gordon Wozniak criticized the act as unfair, stating "These people have nothing to do with the council's action. They should not be penalized just because they happen to live in Berkeley."<ref name="DC Senators Put Forward Act">{{cite news |url=http://www.dailycal.org/article/100282/senators_put_forward_act_to_withhold_funds |title=Senators Put Forward Act to Withhold Funds: Legislation in Response to Recruiting Center Opposition Would Remove Millions in Funds from Local Projects |last=Shin |first=Jane |author2=Kamal, Ameea |date=2008-02-07 |work=[[The Daily Californian]] |accessdate=2008-02-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210153431/http://www.dailycal.org/article/100282/senators_put_forward_act_to_withhold_funds |archivedate=February 10, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] [[John B. T. Campbell III|John Campbell]] sponsored a similar bill in the house that had 71 co-sponsors.<ref name="Lawmakers"/><ref name="SJM Lawmakers" /> The Berkeley Chamber of Commerce, which received 140 emails that stated they would no longer do business in Berkeley if the motions held, considered withholding business licensing taxes.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailycal.org/article/100240 |title=Business Owners React to Marine Corps Vote |last=Brooks |first=Amy |date=2008-02-05 |work=[[The Daily Californian]] |accessdate=2008-02-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209122009/http://www.dailycal.org/article/100240 |archivedate=February 9, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> |
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Republican Assemblyman [[Guy Houston]] of [[San Ramon, California|San Ramon]] announced that he will introduce legislation to withhold state transportation funds from Berkeley until they rescind their "war on the U.S. Marine Corps."<ref name=AP2008-02-08>{{cite news |
Republican Assemblyman [[Guy Houston]] of [[San Ramon, California|San Ramon]] announced that he will introduce legislation to withhold state transportation funds from Berkeley until they rescind their "war on the U.S. Marine Corps."<ref name=AP2008-02-08>{{cite news |url=http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2008/02/ap_berkeley_080208/ |title=Penalty eyed for Berkeley stance on Marines |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=2008-02-08 |work=Marine Corps Times |accessdate=2008-02-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210082117/http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2008/02/ap_berkeley_080208/ |archivedate=February 10, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> Houston's proposed bill intends to withhold $3.3 million in state funds from Berkeley.<ref name="Lawmakers"/> Houston's bill failed to pass the California State Assembly Committee on Transportation by one vote.<ref name="DC NIB Bill">{{Cite news | last =Sturla | first =Kate | date = 2008-04-15 | title =Committee Strikes Down Bill Penalizing Berkeley | newspaper = [[The Daily Californian]] | url =http://www.dailycal.org/article/101311 | accessdate = 2008-04-15}}{{dead link|date=September 2016}}</ref> |
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==Council changes letter's language== |
==Council changes letter's language== |
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[[File:Code Pink in Berkeley.jpg|thumb|200px|Code Pink at the February |
[[File:Code Pink in Berkeley.jpg|thumb|200px|Code Pink at the February 12 protest.]] |
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25,000 people wrote to city leaders urging them to rescind the letter.<ref name="Lawmakers"/> |
25,000 people wrote to city leaders urging them to rescind the letter.<ref name="Lawmakers"/> Some members of the city council regretted their vote after the motion passed. Councilwoman Betty Olds said she was ashamed of her vote.<ref name="Group"/> On February 4, 2008, Council members Betty Olds and Laurie Capitelli called on the council to rescind the letter to the Marines and to declare that Berkeley was against the war but supported the troops.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/In-Berkeley-push-to-rescind-letter-to-Marines-3227862.php |title= In Berkeley, push to rescind letter to Marines |last= Jones |first= Carolyn |date= 2008-02-05 |work= [[San Francisco Chronicle]] |accessdate= 2008-02-16}}</ref> On February 12, 2008, the council met to reconsider the Marine Corps Recruiting motions. On this day, at its peak, 2,000 protesters gathered outside city hall, with one group protesting against the city council motion that included [[Move America Forward]], and the other, consisting mainly of Code Pink, protesting in support of the motions.<ref name="Send"/> The two sides faced each other with police separating them on Martin Luther King Jr. Way; both sides exchanged songs, chants, flag waves, yells, and obscenities. The protest lasted 24 hours, ending at around 1:00 am on February 13.<ref name="Lawmakers"/> There were four arrests.<ref name="Send"/> The City of Berkeley spent $93,000 in police overtime on February 12 as part of a large police presence to keep the peace.<ref name="OT">{{cite news |url= http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Marines-protest-cost-93-000-for-police-OT-3294657.php |title= BMarines protest cost $93,000 for police OT |last= Jones |first= Carolyn |date= 2008-02-16 |work= [[San Francisco Chronicle]] |accessdate= 2008-02-17}}</ref> |
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[[File: |
[[File:Protesters against.JPG|thumb|200px|left|Protesters against the Berkeley City Council motions.]] |
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On February 13, 2008, after four hours of debates and public comment that included over one hundred speakers, ending at 1:30 am, the Berkeley city council decided 7-2 not to send the letter they had asked the city clerk to draft to the Marines. |
On February 13, 2008, after four hours of debates and public comment that included over one hundred speakers, ending at 1:30 am, the Berkeley city council decided 7-2 not to send the letter they had asked the city clerk to draft to the Marines. The new letter written by Mayor [[Tom Bates]] and Council members Max Anderson, Linda Maio and Darryl Moore affirmed "the recruiters' right to locate in our city and the right of others to protest or support their presence." The new letter also stated that Berkeley did not support "the recruitment of our young people into this war" but "deeply respect and support the men and women in our armed forces."<ref name="Lawmakers">{{cite news |url= http://www.mercurynews.com/2008/02/14/lawmakers-wont-back-down-following-berkeley-councils-vote-retracting-statement-to-u-s-marine-recruiters/ |title= Lawmakers won't back down following Berkeley council's vote retracting statement to U.S. Marine recruiters |last= Bender |first= Kristin |date= 2008-02-14 |work=[[San Jose Mercury News]] |accessdate= 2008-02-17}}</ref> The council decided 5-4 not to offer an official apology, but some individual members of the council expressed regret.<ref name="Send">{{cite news |url= http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Berkeley-will-not-send-Marines-ldquo-unwelcome-3226468.php |title= Berkeley will not send Marines "unwelcome intruders" letter |last= Jones |first= Carolyn |author2=Heredia, Christopher |author3=Rubenstein, Steve|date= 2008-02-14|work= [[San Francisco Chronicle]] |accessdate= 2008-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/02/14/BAM9V1H00.DTL|title=Council Begins Discussions of November Tax Measure |last=Scherr |first=Judith |date= 2008-02-19 |work= [[The Berkeley Daily Planet]] |accessdate= 2008-02-19}}</ref> |
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The council did not reverse four of its previous motions concerning the Marine Corps recruiting center. |
The council did not reverse four of its previous motions concerning the Marine Corps recruiting center. The council allowed to stand a resolution to "applaud residents and organizations such as Code Pink for "[impeding], passively or actively" military recruiting.<ref name="Lawmakers"/> The parking permit and noise permit for Code Pink was also upheld. Mayor Bates told the ''[[San Jose Mercury News]]'': "The Marines have the right to be in Berkeley. It was bad judgment for them to come here. We wish they would leave. We support their right to be here but we wish they would move on." |
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==After council reversal== |
==After council reversal== |
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Federal and state legislation seeking to remove funding for Berkeley was not dropped and is currently still pending.<ref name="Lawmakers"/> |
Federal and state legislation seeking to remove funding for Berkeley was not dropped and is currently still pending.<ref name="Lawmakers"/> Senator DeMint said after the council's actions: "It's a national embarrassment that these officials refuse to apologize to our troops and their families and continue to support actions against military recruitment."<ref name="Lawmakers"/> On the Senate floor, California US Senator [[Barbara Boxer]] argued against DeMint's amendment, and said that other state and local governments pass resolutions and measures that Congress doesn't agree with, without getting their funding for earmarks removed.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/02/15/MNBDV2MEH.DTL|title=New front in Berkeley-Marines war: U.S. Senate| accessdate= 2008-02-24|last= Coile|first=Zachary|date= 2008-02-15|work= [[San Francisco Chronicle]]}}</ref> Because of Democratic control of the legislatures and fear of voter backlash, it is unlikely that either measure will pass.<ref name="Lawmakers"/> The group supporting Marine recruiting, Move America Forward, sent 3 tons of candy, cookies, hot cocoa, coffee and beef jerky to troops serving in [[Iraq]] and [[Afghanistan]]. Code Pink continued its protests outside the recruiting center.<ref name="OT"/> Code Pink cofounder Medea Benjamin said of the council's decision: "We are really proud of the Berkeley City Council for not buckling under intense pressure from the pro-war '[[Swiftboating|swift-boaters]]."<ref name="Lawmakers"/> |
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On February 20, the Associated Students of the University of California at Berkeley passed a resolution against the Berkeley City Council's rhetoric and methods against the Marine Corps recruiting center. The resolution also urged the City Council to submit a letter of apology to U.S. servicemen and women. While mostly a symbolic measure, the resolution nonetheless shows the historically anti-war campus voices support for the troops and adds pressure from Berkeley residents.<ref>Kunert, Chad. |
On February 20, the Associated Students of the University of California at Berkeley passed a resolution against the Berkeley City Council's rhetoric and methods against the Marine Corps recruiting center. The resolution also urged the City Council to submit a letter of apology to U.S. servicemen and women. While mostly a symbolic measure, the resolution nonetheless shows the historically anti-war campus voices support for the troops and adds pressure from Berkeley residents.<ref>Kunert, Chad. "A Resolution Against the City of Berkeley’s Positions Concerning the Marine Recruiting Station." The Associated Students of the University of California at Berkeley website. February 12, 2008. The Associated Students of the University of California at Berkeley. June 26, 2008. {{cite web |url=http://www.asuc.org/documentation/view.php?type=bills&id=1139 |title=Senate Bills |accessdate=2008-06-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717072751/http://www.asuc.org/documentation/view.php?type=bills&id=1139 |archivedate=July 17, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> |
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In the aftermath of the controversy, City Councilmember Gordon Wozniak planned to present a proposal to the City Council in its February 26 meeting requiring that all recommendations/resolutions |
In the aftermath of the controversy, City Councilmember Gordon Wozniak planned to present a proposal to the City Council in its February 26 meeting requiring that all recommendations/resolutions coming from the city's Peace and Justice Commission (PJC) be heard twice by the City Council before they are approved. The PJC, the author of the January 2008 resolutions, is the most prolific and controversial of the 45 bodies that makes recommendations to the city council.<ref>{{cite news |
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|url=http://www.insidebayarea.com/trivalleyherald/localnews/ci_8344830 |
|url=http://www.insidebayarea.com/trivalleyherald/localnews/ci_8344830 |
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|work=Tri-Valley Herald |
|work=Tri-Valley Herald |
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|title=Berkeley council member wants to rein in commission: Statements like the one on Marine recruiting would need two hearings |
|title=Berkeley council member wants to rein in commission: Statements like the one on Marine recruiting would need two hearings |
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|author=Oakley, Doug |
|author=Oakley, Doug |
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|date=2008-02-23}}</ref> |
|date=2008-02-23 |
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|accessdate=2008-02-24}}</ref> However, Councilmember Wozniak withdrew it from the agenda and referred it for rescheduling.<ref name=BerkeleyCouncil26Feb>{{cite web |
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On February 23, 2008, a scuffle occurred between about 25 activists and police that resulted in 2 arrests and sprained fingers and bruises for police after ''The World Can't Wait'' activists violated the rules by chaining themselves together and marched with bullhorns.<ref>{{cite |
On February 23, 2008, a scuffle occurred between about 25 activists and police that resulted in 2 arrests and sprained fingers and bruises for police after ''The World Can't Wait'' activists violated the rules by chaining themselves together and marched with bullhorns.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/02/23/BA7GV7H6L.DTL|title=BERKELEY Scuffle, arrests at Marine office| accessdate= 2008-02-24|last= May|first=Meredith|date= 2008-02-23|work= [[San Francisco Chronicle]]}}</ref> |
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==Move America Forward advertisement== |
==Move America Forward advertisement== |
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On February 21, 2008, [[Move America Forward]] screened a [[television advertisement]] on the University of California, Berkeley campus that was critical of the Berkeley council.<ref name="DC New Ad">{{cite news |
On February 21, 2008, [[Move America Forward]] screened a [[television advertisement]] on the University of California, Berkeley campus that was critical of the Berkeley council.<ref name="DC New Ad">{{cite news |
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|url= |
|url=http://www.dailycal.org/article/100497/new_ads_target_city_council_over_marines_vote |
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|title=New Ads Target City Council Over Marines Vote |
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⚫ | }}</ref> The sixty second advertisement shows council members and the mayor saying that they had no reason to apologize followed footage of two former Marines asking the viewers to sign an online petition to persuade the city council to apologize.<ref name="DC New Ad" /><ref name=YouTubeAd>{{cite |
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|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225193624/http://www.dailycal.org/article/100497/new_ads_target_city_council_over_marines_vote |
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⚫ | }}</ref> The sixty second advertisement shows council members and the mayor saying that they had no reason to apologize followed footage of two former Marines asking the viewers to sign an online petition to persuade the city council to apologize.<ref name="DC New Ad" /><ref name=YouTubeAd>{{cite AV media |
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|title=Move America Forward advertisement |
|title=Move America Forward advertisement |
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|publisher=YouTube |
|publisher=YouTube |
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}}</ref> The advertisement will run on [[Bay Area]] and [[Sacramento]] news programs as well as nationally on [[Fox News]] and [[CNN]].<ref name="DC New Ad" /> In response to the advertisement Council member Max Anderson said that the council will not be bullied or coerced into action.<ref name="DC New Ad" /> |
}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}</ref> The advertisement will run on [[Bay Area]] and [[Sacramento]] news programs as well as nationally on [[Fox News]] and [[CNN]].<ref name="DC New Ad" /> In response to the advertisement Council member Max Anderson said that the council will not be bullied or coerced into action.<ref name="DC New Ad" /> |
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==Code Pink ends protests== |
==Code Pink ends protests== |
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On |
On September 24, 2008, after nearly a year of regular protest, Code Pink announced that "Major protest operations at the (Marine Corps Recruiting Center) have been ended."<ref>[http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2008/09/19/18540073.php Mission Accomplished: One Year Testimonies at the MRS: Indybay.com]</ref> Approximately one month later, the offices of the East Bay chapter of Code Pink closed down when the lease on the building that housed the organization expired and the group was unable to secure funds to renew the lease.<ref>{{cite news |
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|url= |
|url=http://www.dailycal.org/article/103332/lacking_funds_code_pink_to_close_east_bay_office |
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|title=Lacking Funds, Code Pink to Close East Bay Office |
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|last=Williams |
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|first=Zach |
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|date=2008-10-30 |
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|work=[[The Daily Californian]] |
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|archivedate=July 13, 2009 |
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|url=http://www.dailycal.org/article/103514/berkeley_college_republicans_crash_anti-war_protes |
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|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125184709/http://www.dailycal.org/article/103514/berkeley_college_republicans_crash_anti-war_protes |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area}} |
{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area}} |
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{{Commons category}} |
{{Commons category|Berkeley Marine Corps Recruiting Center protests}} |
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*[[Counter-recruitment]] |
*[[Counter-recruitment]] |
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*[[Military recruitment]] |
*[[Military recruitment]] |
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==References== |
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{{Protests against the Iraq War}} |
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[[Category:Protests against the Iraq War]] |
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[[Category:Political controversies in the United States]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:21st century in Berkeley, California]] |
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[[Category:United States Marine Corps in the 21st century]] |
[[Category:United States Marine Corps in the 21st century]] |
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[[Category:2007 protests]] |
[[Category:2007 protests]] |
Latest revision as of 18:00, 23 August 2022
The Berkeley Marine Corps Recruiting Center protests began in September 2007 when a small group of protesters from Code Pink began periodically protesting in front of a United States Marine Corps Officer Selection Office located in Downtown Berkeley, California at 64 Shattuck Avenue by standing in front of the office holding banners and placing signs.[1][2] The recruiting center had been located in Berkeley since January 2007. On October 17, 2007, the group Move America Forward held a counter protest.
On January 29, 2008, the Berkeley City Council passed a series of motions concerning the recruiting center. The most controversial motions ordered the city clerk to draft a letter calling the Berkeley Marines "unwelcome intruders" and another motion gave Code Pink a parking permit on Wednesdays and a noise permit. The motions drew national media coverage. Some veterans groups and conservatives were angered by the motions. National and state laws were drafted to remove funding for Berkeley. The Berkeley City Council changed the wording in the letter February 13, 2008, to remove the most controversial wording and communicate support for the troops but opposition to the war. On the previous day, 2000 protesters at its peak gathered outside city hall to protest against and in support of the motion. The national media coverage of the matter significantly declined following Berkeley's amended language. Legislation backed by Republican members of Congress concerning removing earmarks continued through the legislative process, though with little chance of passing, and Move America Forward launched a new advertisement criticizing the Berkeley City Council. Code Pink continues to collect signatures to put a measure on the ballot to remove the recruiting center.
History
[edit]Berkeley had a previous history of opposition to Marine recruiting. In 2007, Berkeley High School became the last in the United States to give student contact information to the military without student permission. The school's previous policy required students to give permission for their contact information to be given to the military.[3]
In January 2007, the Marine Recruiting Center for the northern Bay Area relocated from Alameda to downtown Berkeley in order to be closer to the University of California, Berkeley.[3][4] There were no protests until late September 2007 when protests outside the recruiting office began. Code Pink and Grandmothers Against the War were among the first groups to protest. Code Pink said it would protest the recruiting center every Wednesday.[3]
On Wednesday, October 17, 2007, a protest between those opposing the recruitment center and those who supported it, led by conservative radio talk-show host Melanie Morgan, co-founder of Move America Forward, occurred outside the recruiting center. The protest included chants, singing, flag waving, and verbal shouting back and forth. Police separated the two groups for safety.[5] Some nearby businesses have complained about the noise level. Some motorists have honked in approval adding to the noise level.[6]
On January 29, 2008, Code Pink began collecting the 5,000 signatures necessary to qualify a city measure for the ballot that would require public hearings before military recruiting offices could open near schools.[6] Former Marine Staff Sgt. Bill Hamilton, who was involved in several altercations with protestors, told the San Francisco Chronicle that the recruiting office was only for recruiting college not high school students.[6]
On February 1, 2008, protesters from The World Can't Wait, chained themselves to the doorway of the recruiting office, blocking the entrance, and preventing people from moving in and out.[7][8][9]
City Council response
[edit]On January 29, 2008 the Berkeley City Council passed two motions regarding the controversy.[10] The first motion, passed 8-1, gave anti-war protesters Code Pink a reserved parking space in front of the recruitment center and waived the normally required noise permits so they could operate their loud speaker. Gordon Wozniak of District 8 was the sole opponent of this motion. Since passing this motion, Code Pink has had an almost daily presence outside the recruiting office.[10][11]
The Berkeley City Council 6-3, passed a motion to have the city clerk write a letter to the U.S. Marine Corps to inform them that they were "uninvited and unwelcome intruders" in the city of Berkeley.[11][12][13] The motion stated that the United States had a history of "launching illegal, immoral and unprovoked wars of aggression" and that "military recruiters are salespeople known to lie to and seduce minors and young adults into contracting themselves into military service with false promises regarding jobs, job training, education and other benefits." This motion was opposed by councilmembers Betty Olds, Kriss Worthington and Gordon Wozniak, representing Districts 6, 7 and 8 respectively.[14] The Berkeley City Council also asked the city attorney to investigate the possibility of fining the Marines for violating the city's ordinance requiring equal-opportunity hiring without regard to sexual orientation because of the military's don't ask, don't tell policy.[10][14]
Responses
[edit]The position taken by the Berkeley City Council was interpreted by many across the country as a sign that they did not support the troops.[15] Berkeley's motion was followed by a backlash in conservative blogs and among conservative lawmakers, including introduction of the "Semper Fi Act" in Congress to cancel several million dollars in specific federal funding for public primary and secondary education programs, the University of California, Berkeley, and key transportation programs including a proposed state-operated ferry service to Albany and Berkeley.[16] In response to the council's vote, on February 1, 2008 Senator Jim DeMint said that he would introduce legislation that would strip Berkeley of its $2,392,000 in federal funding.[17] On February 6, 2008 Jim DeMint was joined by Saxby Chambliss, Tom Coburn, John Cornyn, James Inhofe, and David Vitter in the Senate to introduce the Semper Fi Act of 2008 which would strip federal funding from Berkeley.[18] In total, the bill was co-sponsored by 10 senators.[2] The bill strips $243,000 from the Chez Panisse Foundation which provides school lunches to children in Berkeley, and $975,000 allocated to build the Matsui Center for Politics and Public Service at the University of California, Berkeley which would have created an archive of Robert Matsui's papers and a new endowment.[2][18] The bill was defeated on March 13, 2008.[19]
UC Berkeley Chancellor Robert Birgeneau sent a letter to 52 lawmakers in Washington stating that UC Berkeley had no connection to the council's decision, that the UC campus and the city of Berkeley are completely separate institutions, that the Berkeley City Council has no authority over the UC campus, that UC Berkeley has long standing ROTC programs, and that he believed the council proposals were "ill advised, intemperate and hurtful, particularly to the young men and women and their families who are sacrificing so much for our country."[2] City Council member Gordon Wozniak criticized the act as unfair, stating "These people have nothing to do with the council's action. They should not be penalized just because they happen to live in Berkeley."[20] Representative John Campbell sponsored a similar bill in the house that had 71 co-sponsors.[2][18] The Berkeley Chamber of Commerce, which received 140 emails that stated they would no longer do business in Berkeley if the motions held, considered withholding business licensing taxes.[21]
Republican Assemblyman Guy Houston of San Ramon announced that he will introduce legislation to withhold state transportation funds from Berkeley until they rescind their "war on the U.S. Marine Corps."[22] Houston's proposed bill intends to withhold $3.3 million in state funds from Berkeley.[2] Houston's bill failed to pass the California State Assembly Committee on Transportation by one vote.[19]
Council changes letter's language
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Code_Pink_in_Berkeley.jpg/200px-Code_Pink_in_Berkeley.jpg)
25,000 people wrote to city leaders urging them to rescind the letter.[2] Some members of the city council regretted their vote after the motion passed. Councilwoman Betty Olds said she was ashamed of her vote.[6] On February 4, 2008, Council members Betty Olds and Laurie Capitelli called on the council to rescind the letter to the Marines and to declare that Berkeley was against the war but supported the troops.[23] On February 12, 2008, the council met to reconsider the Marine Corps Recruiting motions. On this day, at its peak, 2,000 protesters gathered outside city hall, with one group protesting against the city council motion that included Move America Forward, and the other, consisting mainly of Code Pink, protesting in support of the motions.[24] The two sides faced each other with police separating them on Martin Luther King Jr. Way; both sides exchanged songs, chants, flag waves, yells, and obscenities. The protest lasted 24 hours, ending at around 1:00 am on February 13.[2] There were four arrests.[24] The City of Berkeley spent $93,000 in police overtime on February 12 as part of a large police presence to keep the peace.[25]
On February 13, 2008, after four hours of debates and public comment that included over one hundred speakers, ending at 1:30 am, the Berkeley city council decided 7-2 not to send the letter they had asked the city clerk to draft to the Marines. The new letter written by Mayor Tom Bates and Council members Max Anderson, Linda Maio and Darryl Moore affirmed "the recruiters' right to locate in our city and the right of others to protest or support their presence." The new letter also stated that Berkeley did not support "the recruitment of our young people into this war" but "deeply respect and support the men and women in our armed forces."[2] The council decided 5-4 not to offer an official apology, but some individual members of the council expressed regret.[24][26]
The council did not reverse four of its previous motions concerning the Marine Corps recruiting center. The council allowed to stand a resolution to "applaud residents and organizations such as Code Pink for "[impeding], passively or actively" military recruiting.[2] The parking permit and noise permit for Code Pink was also upheld. Mayor Bates told the San Jose Mercury News: "The Marines have the right to be in Berkeley. It was bad judgment for them to come here. We wish they would leave. We support their right to be here but we wish they would move on."
After council reversal
[edit]Federal and state legislation seeking to remove funding for Berkeley was not dropped and is currently still pending.[2] Senator DeMint said after the council's actions: "It's a national embarrassment that these officials refuse to apologize to our troops and their families and continue to support actions against military recruitment."[2] On the Senate floor, California US Senator Barbara Boxer argued against DeMint's amendment, and said that other state and local governments pass resolutions and measures that Congress doesn't agree with, without getting their funding for earmarks removed.[27] Because of Democratic control of the legislatures and fear of voter backlash, it is unlikely that either measure will pass.[2] The group supporting Marine recruiting, Move America Forward, sent 3 tons of candy, cookies, hot cocoa, coffee and beef jerky to troops serving in Iraq and Afghanistan. Code Pink continued its protests outside the recruiting center.[25] Code Pink cofounder Medea Benjamin said of the council's decision: "We are really proud of the Berkeley City Council for not buckling under intense pressure from the pro-war 'swift-boaters."[2]
On February 20, the Associated Students of the University of California at Berkeley passed a resolution against the Berkeley City Council's rhetoric and methods against the Marine Corps recruiting center. The resolution also urged the City Council to submit a letter of apology to U.S. servicemen and women. While mostly a symbolic measure, the resolution nonetheless shows the historically anti-war campus voices support for the troops and adds pressure from Berkeley residents.[28]
In the aftermath of the controversy, City Councilmember Gordon Wozniak planned to present a proposal to the City Council in its February 26 meeting requiring that all recommendations/resolutions coming from the city's Peace and Justice Commission (PJC) be heard twice by the City Council before they are approved. The PJC, the author of the January 2008 resolutions, is the most prolific and controversial of the 45 bodies that makes recommendations to the city council.[29] However, Councilmember Wozniak withdrew it from the agenda and referred it for rescheduling.[30]
On February 23, 2008, a scuffle occurred between about 25 activists and police that resulted in 2 arrests and sprained fingers and bruises for police after The World Can't Wait activists violated the rules by chaining themselves together and marched with bullhorns.[31]
Move America Forward advertisement
[edit]On February 21, 2008, Move America Forward screened a television advertisement on the University of California, Berkeley campus that was critical of the Berkeley council.[32] The sixty second advertisement shows council members and the mayor saying that they had no reason to apologize followed footage of two former Marines asking the viewers to sign an online petition to persuade the city council to apologize.[32][33] The advertisement will run on Bay Area and Sacramento news programs as well as nationally on Fox News and CNN.[32] In response to the advertisement Council member Max Anderson said that the council will not be bullied or coerced into action.[32]
Code Pink ends protests
[edit]On September 24, 2008, after nearly a year of regular protest, Code Pink announced that "Major protest operations at the (Marine Corps Recruiting Center) have been ended."[34] Approximately one month later, the offices of the East Bay chapter of Code Pink closed down when the lease on the building that housed the organization expired and the group was unable to secure funds to renew the lease.[35] However, anti-war protests organized by The World Can't Wait still continue at, and in the vicinity of, the Marine Corps Recruiting Center on Shattuck Avenue.[36]
See also
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
References
[edit]- ^ Bhattacharjee, Riya (September 28, 2007). "Code Pink Protests Marine Recruitment Center". Berkeley Daily Planet. Archived from the original on July 27, 2015. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bender, Kristin (February 14, 2008). "Lawmakers won't back down following Berkeley council's vote retracting statement to U.S. Marine recruiters". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved February 17, 2008.
- ^ a b c Jones, Carolyn (October 4, 2007). "Code Pink finds Marine recruiters in Berkeley - protests begin". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
- ^ Kwong, Jessica (October 17, 2007). "Protests Follow Recruiting Center to Berkeley". The Daily Californian. Archived from the original on February 16, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
- ^ Lee, Henry K. (October 18, 2007). "Supporters, protesters wage a war of words over Berkeley recruiting station". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
- ^ a b c d Fagan, Kevin (February 1, 2008). "Group protests Marine recruiters in Berkeley". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 16, 2008.
- ^ Rubenstein, Steve; Kevin Fagan (February 2, 2008). "Facing off over Marine Corps: 3 war opponents chain selves to door of recruiting station, and right-wing blogosphere goes ballistic". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 10, 2008.
- ^ Scherr, Judith (February 1, 2008). "Three Chain Themselves to Marine Recruiting Center Doors". Berkeley Daily Planet. Retrieved February 10, 2008.
- ^ Scherr, Judith (February 5, 2008). "Protesters Chain Selves To Recruit Center Doors". Berkeley Daily Planet. Retrieved February 6, 2008.
- ^ a b c Shalev, Asaf (January 30, 2008). "City Council Passes Motions Criticizing Marines Office". The Daily Californian. Archived from the original on February 3, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
- ^ a b Debra Saunders (February 5, 2008). "Berkeley's Marines offensive". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 10, 2008.
- ^ ""12. Marine Recruiting Office in Berkeley" (Includes 3 passed recommendations)". Regular Meeting Annotated Agenda. Berkeley City Council. January 29, 2008. Archived from the original on February 20, 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2008.
- ^ Jones, Carolyn (February 5, 2008). "In Berkeley, push to rescind letter to Marines". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 10, 2008.
- ^ a b Steve Freedkin. "Marine Recruiting Office in Berkeley - Peace and Justice Commission recommendation" (PDF). Berkeley City Council. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
- ^ Shin, Jane (February 5, 2008). "Council Members to Revisit Vote". The Daily Californian. Archived from the original on March 30, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
- ^ Drash, Wayne (February 8, 2008). "Berkeley to Marines: You're 'not welcome in our city'". CNN. Retrieved February 9, 2008.
- ^ Fife, Taylor; Shin, Jane (February 4, 2008). "Marines Vote Leads to Threat on City Funds: Sen. Jim DeMint, R-S.C., to Introduce Bill To Remove City's $2.3 Million in Earmarks". The Daily Californian. Archived from the original on February 7, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
- ^ a b c Oakley, Doug (February 7, 2008). "Lawmakers aim to punish Berkeley over anti-Marines stance". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved February 7, 2008.
- ^ a b Sturla, Kate (April 15, 2008). "Committee Strikes Down Bill Penalizing Berkeley". The Daily Californian. Retrieved April 15, 2008.[dead link]
- ^ Shin, Jane; Kamal, Ameea (February 7, 2008). "Senators Put Forward Act to Withhold Funds: Legislation in Response to Recruiting Center Opposition Would Remove Millions in Funds from Local Projects". The Daily Californian. Archived from the original on February 10, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
- ^ Brooks, Amy (February 5, 2008). "Business Owners React to Marine Corps Vote". The Daily Californian. Archived from the original on February 9, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-24.
- ^ "Penalty eyed for Berkeley stance on Marines". Marine Corps Times. Associated Press. February 8, 2008. Archived from the original on February 10, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
- ^ Jones, Carolyn (February 5, 2008). "In Berkeley, push to rescind letter to Marines". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 16, 2008.
- ^ a b c Jones, Carolyn; Heredia, Christopher; Rubenstein, Steve (February 14, 2008). "Berkeley will not send Marines "unwelcome intruders" letter". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 16, 2008.
- ^ a b Jones, Carolyn (February 16, 2008). "BMarines protest cost $93,000 for police OT". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 17, 2008.
- ^ Scherr, Judith (February 19, 2008). "Council Begins Discussions of November Tax Measure". The Berkeley Daily Planet. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
- ^ Coile, Zachary (February 15, 2008). "New front in Berkeley-Marines war: U.S. Senate". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
- ^ Kunert, Chad. "A Resolution Against the City of Berkeley’s Positions Concerning the Marine Recruiting Station." The Associated Students of the University of California at Berkeley website. February 12, 2008. The Associated Students of the University of California at Berkeley. June 26, 2008. "Senate Bills". Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved June 27, 2008.
- ^ Oakley, Doug (February 23, 2008). "Berkeley council member wants to rein in commission: Statements like the one on Marine recruiting would need two hearings". Tri-Valley Herald. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
- ^ "29. Second Reading for Peace and Justice Commission Resolutions". Annotated Agenda, Berkeley City Council Meeting. February 26, 2006. Archived from the original on August 7, 2008. Retrieved March 2, 2008.
- ^ May, Meredith (February 23, 2008). "BERKELEY Scuffle, arrests at Marine office". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
- ^ a b c d Trott, Ashley (January 22, 2008). "New Ads Target City Council Over Marines Vote". The Daily Californian. Archived from the original on February 25, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-22.
- ^ Move America Forward advertisement. YouTube. Retrieved February 24, 2008.[dead YouTube link]
- ^ Mission Accomplished: One Year Testimonies at the MRS: Indybay.com
- ^ Williams, Zach (October 30, 2008). "Lacking Funds, Code Pink to Close East Bay Office". The Daily Californian. Archived from the original on July 13, 2009. Retrieved 2008-11-12.
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