Cafundó language: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
StarTrekker (talk | contribs) |
||
| (48 intermediate revisions by 38 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Secret language}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
{{About|an Afro-Brazilian language variety|the film|Cafundó (film)}} |
|||
{{Infobox language |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| name = Cafundó |
|||
The speaker community is very small (40 people in 1978). They live in a rural area, 150km from the city of [[São Paulo (city)|São Paulo]], and are mostly of [[Africa]]n descent. They also speak Portuguese, and use Cafundó as a "secret language". A Cafundó speaker and an African-born Bantu ([[Angola]]n or [[Mozambique | Mozambican]]) speaking Portuguese and Bantu languages can understand each other, because [[Angolan Portuguese | Angolan]] and Mozambican dialects also added many Bantu words. |
|||
| nativename = {{lang|ccd|Cupópia}} |
|||
| states = Brazil |
|||
| region = [[Cafundó, São Paulo]] |
|||
| speakers = 40 |
|||
| date = 1978 |
|||
| ref = e18 |
|||
| familycolor = Indo-European |
|||
| fam2 = [[Italic languages|Italic]] |
|||
| fam3 = [[Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]] |
|||
| fam4 = [[Romance language|Romance]] |
|||
| fam5 = [[Western Romance languages|Western]] |
|||
| fam6 = [[Ibero-Romance languages|Ibero-Romance]] |
|||
| fam7 = [[West Iberian languages|West Iberian]] |
|||
| fam8 = [[Galician-Portuguese]] |
|||
| fam9 = [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] |
|||
| fam10 = [[Brazilian Portuguese#Diglossia|Vernacular Brazilian]] |
|||
| fam11 = [[Caipira dialect|Caipira]] |
|||
| ancestor = [[Old Latin]] |
|||
| ancestor2 = [[Classical Latin]] |
|||
| ancestor3 = [[Vulgar Latin]] |
|||
| ancestor4 = [[Galician-Portuguese]] |
|||
| ancestor5 = [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] |
|||
| iso3 = ccd |
|||
| glotto = cafu1238 |
|||
| glottorefname = Cafundo |
|||
}} |
|||
| ⚫ | '''''Cafundó''''' ({{IPA-pt|kafũˈdɔ}}), or '''{{lang|ccd|Cupópia}}''' ({{IPA-pt|kuˈpɔpjɐ|}}), is an [[argot]] ("secret language") spoken in the [[Brazil]]ian village of [[Cafundó, São Paulo]], now a suburb of [[Salto de Pirapora]]. The language is [[Portuguese grammar|structurally similar to Portuguese]], with many [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] words in its lexicon. |
||
Cafundó was at first thought to be an African language, but a later study (1986) by [[Carlos Vogt]] and [[Peter Fry]] showed that its grammatical and morphological structure are those of Portuguese, specifically the Southeast countryside (''[[Caipira Portuguese language|Caipira]]'') variety; whereas its lexicon is heavily drawn from some [[Bantu languages|Bantu language]]. |
|||
Cafundó was at first thought to be an African language, but a later study (1996) by [[Carlos Vogt]] and Peter Fry showed that its grammatical and morphological structure are those of [[Brazilian Portuguese]], specifically the rural hinterland Southeastern variety, ''[[caipira dialect|caipira]]''. Whereas its lexicon is heavily drawn from some Bantu language(s). It is therefore not a [[creole language]], as it is sometimes considered. In contrast to Vogt and Fry (1996), Álvarez López and Jon-And (2017) suggests that when speakers code-switch from Cafundó Portuguese to Cupópia, they produce something different from a contemporary regional variety of Portuguese with a number of African-derived words.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Álvarez López|first=Laura|last2=Jon-and|first2=Anna|date=2017-06-17|title=Afro-Brazilian Cupópia|journal=Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages|language=en|volume=32|issue=1|pages=75–103|doi=10.1075/jpcl.32.1.03alv|issn=0920-9034}}</ref> Rather, the passages in which Cupópia is used comprise specific grammatical features, suggesting that the variety has its own grammar. |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
==History== |
|||
| ⚫ | * [[Sílvio Vieira de Andrade Filho]] (2000) ''Um Estudo Sociolingüístico das Comunidades Negras do Cafundó, do Antigo Caxambu e de seus Arredores''. Secretaria da Educação e Cultura of [[Sorocaba]]. Also Ph.D. diss., [[University of São Paulo]]. ISBN |
||
The name {{lang|pt-BR|cafundó}} means "a remote place" or "a hard-to-reach place", referring to the [[quilombo]] of Cafundó. The [[Brazilian cinema|Brazilian film]] ''[[Cafundó (film)|Cafundó]]'' also takes its name from the same location. |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
The speaker community is very small (40 people in 1978). They live in a rural area, 150 km from the city of [[São Paulo]], and are mostly [[Afro-Brazilian|of African descent]]. They also speak Portuguese, and use ''cafundó'' as a "secret" [[home language]]. |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
{{reflist}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | * [[Sílvio Vieira de Andrade Filho]] (2000) ''Um Estudo Sociolingüístico das Comunidades Negras do Cafundó, do Antigo Caxambu e de seus Arredores''. Secretaria da Educação e Cultura of [[Sorocaba]]. Also Ph.D. diss., [[University of São Paulo]]. {{ISBN|85-89017-01-X}}. [https://web.archive.org/web/20051117074103/http://paginas.terra.com.br/educacao/cafundo/Livro.htm Available on-line]. |
||
* Laura Álvarez López and Anna Jon-And (2017) 'Afro-Brazilian Cupópia: Lexical and morphosyntactic features of a lexically driven in-group code'. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 32:1 (75-103). |
|||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
*[http:// |
*[http://www.cafundo.site.br.com/ Web page on Cafundó (in Portuguese)] |
||
*[http://cienciaecultura.bvs.br/scielo.php?pid=S0009-67252005000200019&script=sci_arttext Explanation and examples of the Cafundó language (in Portuguese)] |
|||
*[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_language.asp?code=ccd Ethnologue listing: CCD] |
|||
{{Languages of Brazil}} |
|||
{{Portuguese dialects}} |
{{Portuguese dialects}} |
||
| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Languages of the African diaspora]] |
|||
{{pidgincreole-lang-stub}} |
|||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cafundo language}} |
|||
[[gl:Lingua cupopia]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
[[pt:Cupópia]] |
|||
[[Category:Afro-Brazilian culture]] |
|||
[[Category:São Paulo (state)]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 23:02, 4 October 2022
| Cafundó | |
|---|---|
| Cupópia | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Cafundó, São Paulo |
Native speakers | (40 cited 1978)[1] |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ccd |
| Glottolog | cafu1238 |
Cafundó (Portuguese pronunciation: [kafũˈdɔ]), or Cupópia ([kuˈpɔpjɐ]), is an argot ("secret language") spoken in the Brazilian village of Cafundó, São Paulo, now a suburb of Salto de Pirapora. The language is structurally similar to Portuguese, with many Bantu words in its lexicon.
Cafundó was at first thought to be an African language, but a later study (1996) by Carlos Vogt and Peter Fry showed that its grammatical and morphological structure are those of Brazilian Portuguese, specifically the rural hinterland Southeastern variety, caipira. Whereas its lexicon is heavily drawn from some Bantu language(s). It is therefore not a creole language, as it is sometimes considered. In contrast to Vogt and Fry (1996), Álvarez López and Jon-And (2017) suggests that when speakers code-switch from Cafundó Portuguese to Cupópia, they produce something different from a contemporary regional variety of Portuguese with a number of African-derived words.[2] Rather, the passages in which Cupópia is used comprise specific grammatical features, suggesting that the variety has its own grammar.
History
[edit]The name cafundó means "a remote place" or "a hard-to-reach place", referring to the quilombo of Cafundó. The Brazilian film Cafundó also takes its name from the same location.
Speakers
[edit]The speaker community is very small (40 people in 1978). They live in a rural area, 150 km from the city of São Paulo, and are mostly of African descent. They also speak Portuguese, and use cafundó as a "secret" home language.
References
[edit]- ^ Cafundó at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Álvarez López, Laura; Jon-and, Anna (2017-06-17). "Afro-Brazilian Cupópia". Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages. 32 (1): 75–103. doi:10.1075/jpcl.32.1.03alv. ISSN 0920-9034.
- Peter Fry and Carlos Vogt (1996) Cafundó, a África no Brasil: Linguagem e Sociedade. São Paulo, Companhia das Letras. ISBN 85-7164-585-X.
- Sílvio Vieira de Andrade Filho (2000) Um Estudo Sociolingüístico das Comunidades Negras do Cafundó, do Antigo Caxambu e de seus Arredores. Secretaria da Educação e Cultura of Sorocaba. Also Ph.D. diss., University of São Paulo. ISBN 85-89017-01-X. Available on-line.
- Laura Álvarez López and Anna Jon-And (2017) 'Afro-Brazilian Cupópia: Lexical and morphosyntactic features of a lexically driven in-group code'. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 32:1 (75-103).