Thrinax: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Genus of palms}} |
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{{other uses}} |
{{other uses}} |
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{{taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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|image = Thrinax radiata0.jpg |
|image = Thrinax radiata0.jpg |
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|image_caption = ''Thrinax radiata'' |
|image_caption = ''Thrinax radiata'' |
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|display_parents = 2 |
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|regnum = [[Plantae]] |
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|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]] |
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|unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]] |
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|ordo = [[Arecales]] |
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|familia = [[Arecaceae]] |
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|subfamilia = [[Coryphoideae]] |
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|tribus = [[Cryosophileae]]<ref name = Dransfield2005>{{cite journal| last = Dransfield| first = John|author2=Natalie W. Uhl |author3=Conny B. Asmussen |author4=William J. Baker |author5=Madeline M. Harley |author6=Carl E. Lewis | year = 2005| title = A New Phylogenetic Classification of the Palm Family, Arecaceae| journal = Kew Bulletin| volume = 60| issue = 4| pages = 559–69| jstor = 25070242}}</ref> |
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|subdivision_ranks = Species |
|subdivision_ranks = Species |
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|subdivision = |
|subdivision = |
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''[[Thrinax excelsa]]''<br> |
''[[Thrinax excelsa]]''<br> |
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''[[Thrinax parviflora]]''<br> |
''[[Thrinax parviflora]]''<br> |
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|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?accepted_id=203942&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=203942&status=true|title=''Thrinax''|work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Species|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|accessdate=10 April 2010}}</ref> |
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?accepted_id=203942&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=203942&status=true|title=''Thrinax''|work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Species|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|accessdate=10 April 2010}}</ref> |
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|synonyms = ''Porothrinax'' <small>[[Hermann Wendland|H.Wendl.]] ex [[August Grisebach|Griseb.]]</small> |
|synonyms = ''Porothrinax'' <small>[[Hermann Wendland|H.Wendl.]] ex [[August Grisebach|Griseb.]]</small> |
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}} |
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⚫ | '''''Thrinax''''' is a [[genus]] in the [[Arecaceae|palm family]], native to the [[Caribbean]]. It is closely related to the genera ''[[Coccothrinax]]'', ''[[Hemithrinax]]'' and ''[[Zombia]]''.<ref name = Henderson>{{cite book |last=Henderson |first=Andrew | |
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⚫ | '''''Thrinax''''' is a [[genus]] in the [[Arecaceae|palm family]], native to the [[Caribbean]]. It is closely related to the genera ''[[Coccothrinax]]'', ''[[Hemithrinax]]'' and ''[[Zombia]]''.<ref name = Henderson>{{cite book |last=Henderson |first=Andrew |author-link= Andrew Henderson (botanist) |author2=Gloria Galeano |author2-link=Gloria Galeano |author3=Rodrigo Bernal |author3-link=Rodrigo Bernal |title=Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas |year=1995 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey | isbn=978-0-691-08537-1 }}</ref> Flowers are small, bisexual and are borne on small stalks. |
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''Thrinax'' consists of four species. Three of them are single-island [[endemic (ecology)|endemics]] - ''[[Thrinax ekmaniana]]'' is restricted to the [[Mogotes de Jumagua]] hills in [[Cuba]], while ''[[Thrinax excelsa]]'' and ''[[Thrinax parviflora]]'' are endemic to [[Jamaica]]. The fourth species, ''[[Thrinax radiata]]'', is more widespread; it is found across the [[Greater Antilles]], [[the Bahamas]], south [[Florida]], [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]]. |
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==Taxonomy== |
==Taxonomy== |
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{{cladogram |
{{cladogram|align=left |
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|caption=Simplified phylogeny of the |
|caption=Simplified phylogeny of the Cryosophileae based on four [[nuclear gene]]s and the ''[[Maturase K|matK]]'' plastid gene.<ref name = "Cano">{{Cite journal|last1=Cano|first1=Ángela|last2=Bacon|first2=Christine D.|last3=Stauffer|first3=Fred W.|last4=Antonelli|first4=Alexandre|last5=Serrano‐Serrano|first5=Martha L.|last6=Perret|first6=Mathieu|date=2018|title=The roles of dispersal and mass extinction in shaping palm diversity across the Caribbean|journal=Journal of Biogeography|language=en|volume=45|issue=6|pages=1432–1443|doi=10.1111/jbi.13225|s2cid=90347155 |issn=1365-2699}}</ref> |
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|cladogram={{clade|style=font-size: |
|cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:85%;line-height:85% |
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|label1=Cryosophileae |
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|1={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Trithrinax]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1= ''[[Itaya]]'' |
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|2 = ''[[Sabinaria]]'' |
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}} |
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|2={{clade |
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|1= ''[[Chelyocarpus]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1= ''[[Cryosophila]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1= ''[[Schippia]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1= ''Thrinax'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1= ''[[Leucothrinax]]'' |
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|2= ''[[Hemithrinax]]'' |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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|2=''[[Chelyocarpus]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1= ''[[Zombia]]'' |
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|align= left |
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|2= ''[[Coccothrinax]]'' |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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In the first edition of ''[[Genera Palmarum]]'' (1987), [[Natalie Uhl]] and [[John Dransfield]] placed the genus ''Thrinax'' in [[subfamily]] [[Coryphoideae]], [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] [[Corypheae]] and [[subtribe]] [[Thrinacinae]].<ref name="GP1">{{cite book |last= Uhl |first= Natalie E. |author2=John Dransfield |title=Genera Palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore Jr |year=1987 |publisher=The L. H. Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society|location=Lawrence, Kansas}}</ref> Subsequent [[phylogeny|phylogenetic]] analyses showed that the [[Old World]] and [[New World]] members of Thrinacinae are not closely related and as a consequence, ''Thrinax'' and related genera were transferred into their own tribe, [[Cryosophileae]].<ref name = |
In the first edition of ''[[Genera Palmarum]]'' (1987), [[Natalie Uhl]] and [[John Dransfield]] placed the genus ''Thrinax'' in [[subfamily]] [[Coryphoideae]], [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] [[Corypheae]] and [[subtribe]] [[Thrinacinae]].<ref name="GP1">{{cite book |last= Uhl |first= Natalie E. |author2=John Dransfield |title=Genera Palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore Jr |year=1987 |publisher=The L. H. Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society|location=Lawrence, Kansas}}</ref> Subsequent [[phylogeny|phylogenetic]] analyses showed that the [[Old World]] and [[New World]] members of Thrinacinae are not closely related and as a consequence, ''Thrinax'' and related genera were transferred into their own tribe, [[Cryosophileae]].<ref name = Dransfield2005>{{cite journal| last = Dransfield| first = John|author2=Natalie W. Uhl |author3=Conny B. Asmussen |author4=William J. Baker |author5=Madeline M. Harley |author6=Carl E. Lewis | year = 2005| title = A New Phylogenetic Classification of the Palm Family, Arecaceae| journal = Kew Bulletin| volume = 60| issue = 4| pages = 559–69| jstor = 25070242}}</ref> In 2008, ''[[Leucothrinax|Leucothrinax morrisii]]'' (formerly ''T. morrisii'') was split from ''Thrinax'' after [[phylogeny|phylogenetic]] studies showed that its inclusion in ''Thrinax'' would render that genus [[paraphyletic]].<ref name = Lewis>{{cite journal| last = Lewis| first = Carl E.|author2=Scott Zona | year = 2008| title = ''Leucothrinax morrisii'', a new name for a familiar Caribbean palm| journal = Palms| volume = 52| issue = 2| pages = 84–88}}</ref> |
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===Species=== |
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''Thrinax'' consists of three species. |
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{| class="wikitable collapsible" |
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|- |
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! Image !! Scientific name !! Distribution |
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|[[File:Thrinax excelsa1.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Thrinax excelsa]]'' || [[Jamaica]] |
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|[[File:Thrinax-paviflora-var-paviflora.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Thrinax parviflora]]'' || [[Jamaica]] |
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|[[File:Thrinax Radiata.JPG|120px]] ||''[[Thrinax radiata]]'' || [[Greater Antilles]], [[the Bahamas]], south [[Florida]], [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]]. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Arecaceae genera}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q142326}} |
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[[Category:Thrinax| ]] |
[[Category:Thrinax| ]] |
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[[Category:Arecaceae genera]] |
[[Category:Arecaceae genera]] |
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[[Category:Coryphoideae]] |
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[[Category:Trees of the Caribbean]] |
[[Category:Trees of the Caribbean]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Olof Swartz]] |
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{{Corypheae-stub}} |
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{{tree-stub}} |
Revision as of 04:28, 23 November 2022
Thrinax | |
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![]() | |
Thrinax radiata | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Clade: | Commelinids |
Order: | Arecales |
Family: | Arecaceae |
Subfamily: | Coryphoideae |
Tribe: | Cryosophileae |
Genus: | Thrinax L.f. ex Sw. |
Species | |
Synonyms[1] | |
Thrinax is a genus in the palm family, native to the Caribbean. It is closely related to the genera Coccothrinax, Hemithrinax and Zombia.[2] Flowers are small, bisexual and are borne on small stalks.
Taxonomy
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Simplified phylogeny of the Cryosophileae based on four nuclear genes and the matK plastid gene.[3] |
In the first edition of Genera Palmarum (1987), Natalie Uhl and John Dransfield placed the genus Thrinax in subfamily Coryphoideae, tribe Corypheae and subtribe Thrinacinae.[4] Subsequent phylogenetic analyses showed that the Old World and New World members of Thrinacinae are not closely related and as a consequence, Thrinax and related genera were transferred into their own tribe, Cryosophileae.[5] In 2008, Leucothrinax morrisii (formerly T. morrisii) was split from Thrinax after phylogenetic studies showed that its inclusion in Thrinax would render that genus paraphyletic.[6]
Species
Thrinax consists of three species.
Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
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Thrinax excelsa | Jamaika |
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Thrinax parviflora | Jamaika |
Thrinax radiata | Greater Antilles, the Bahamas, south Florida, Mexico and Central America. |
References
- ^ "Thrinax". World Checklist of Selected Plant Species. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
- ^ Henderson, Andrew; Gloria Galeano; Rodrigo Bernal (1995). Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-08537-1.
- ^ Cano, Ángela; Bacon, Christine D.; Stauffer, Fred W.; Antonelli, Alexandre; Serrano‐Serrano, Martha L.; Perret, Mathieu (2018). "The roles of dispersal and mass extinction in shaping palm diversity across the Caribbean". Journal of Biogeography. 45 (6): 1432–1443. doi:10.1111/jbi.13225. ISSN 1365-2699. S2CID 90347155.
- ^ Uhl, Natalie E.; John Dransfield (1987). Genera Palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore Jr. Lawrence, Kansas: The L. H. Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society.
- ^ Dransfield, John; Natalie W. Uhl; Conny B. Asmussen; William J. Baker; Madeline M. Harley; Carl E. Lewis (2005). "A New Phylogenetic Classification of the Palm Family, Arecaceae". Kew Bulletin. 60 (4): 559–69. JSTOR 25070242.
- ^ Lewis, Carl E.; Scott Zona (2008). "Leucothrinax morrisii, a new name for a familiar Caribbean palm". Palms. 52 (2): 84–88.