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{{Short description|Genus of palms}}
{{other uses}}
{{other uses}}
{{taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Thrinax radiata0.jpg
|image = Thrinax radiata0.jpg
|image_caption = ''Thrinax radiata''
|image_caption = ''Thrinax radiata''
|display_parents = 2
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
⚫
|taxon = Thrinax
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
⚫
|authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus the Younger|L.f.]] ex [[Olof Swartz|Sw.]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]]
|ordo = [[Arecales]]
|familia = [[Arecaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Coryphoideae]]
|tribus = [[Cryosophileae]]<ref name = Dransfield2005>{{cite journal| last = Dransfield| first = John|author2=Natalie W. Uhl |author3=Conny B. Asmussen |author4=William J. Baker |author5=Madeline M. Harley |author6=Carl E. Lewis | year = 2005| title = A New Phylogenetic Classification of the Palm Family, Arecaceae| journal = Kew Bulletin| volume = 60| issue = 4| pages = 559–69| jstor = 25070242}}</ref>
⚫
|genus = '''''Thrinax'''''
⚫
|genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus the Younger|L.f.]] ex [[Olof Swartz|Sw.]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = ''[[Thrinax ekmaniana]]''<br>
|subdivision =
''[[Thrinax excelsa]]''<br>
''[[Thrinax excelsa]]''<br>
''[[Thrinax parviflora]]''<br>
''[[Thrinax parviflora]]''<br>
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|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?accepted_id=203942&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=203942&status=true|title=''Thrinax''|work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Species|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|accessdate=10 April 2010}}</ref>
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?accepted_id=203942&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=203942&status=true|title=''Thrinax''|work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Species|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|accessdate=10 April 2010}}</ref>
|synonyms = ''Porothrinax'' <small>[[Hermann Wendland|H.Wendl.]] ex [[August Grisebach|Griseb.]]</small>
|synonyms = ''Porothrinax'' <small>[[Hermann Wendland|H.Wendl.]] ex [[August Grisebach|Griseb.]]</small>
|}}
}}
⚫
'''''Thrinax''''' is a [[genus]] in the [[Arecaceae|palm family]], native to the [[Caribbean]]. It is closely related to the genera ''[[Coccothrinax]]'', ''[[Hemithrinax]]'' and ''[[Zombia]]''.<ref name = Henderson>{{cite book |last=Henderson |first=Andrew |authorlink= Andrew Henderson (botanist) |author2=[[Gloria Galeano]] |author3=[[Rodrigo Bernal]] |title=Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas |year=1995 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey | isbn=0-691-08537-4 }}</ref> Flowers are small, bisexual and are borne on small stalks.


⚫
'''''Thrinax''''' is a [[genus]] in the [[Arecaceae|palm family]], native to the [[Caribbean]]. It is closely related to the genera ''[[Coccothrinax]]'', ''[[Hemithrinax]]'' and ''[[Zombia]]''.<ref name = Henderson>{{cite book |last=Henderson |first=Andrew |author-link= Andrew Henderson (botanist) |author2=Gloria Galeano |author2-link=Gloria Galeano |author3=Rodrigo Bernal |author3-link=Rodrigo Bernal |title=Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas |year=1995 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey | isbn=978-0-691-08537-1 }}</ref> Flowers are small, bisexual and are borne on small stalks.
''Thrinax'' consists of four species. Three of them are single-island [[endemic (ecology)|endemics]] - ''[[Thrinax ekmaniana]]'' is restricted to the [[Mogotes de Jumagua]] hills in [[Cuba]], while ''[[Thrinax excelsa]]'' and ''[[Thrinax parviflora]]'' are endemic to [[Jamaica]]. The fourth species, ''[[Thrinax radiata]]'', is more widespread; it is found across the [[Greater Antilles]], [[the Bahamas]], south [[Florida]], [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]].


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
{{cladogram
{{cladogram|align=left
|caption=Simplified phylogeny of the tribe [[Cryosophileae]] (except ''[[Trithrinax]]'' and ''[[Sabinaria]]'') based on the nuclear genes PRK and RPB2.<ref name = "Roncal2008">{{cite journal| last = Roncal| first = Julissa|author2=Scott Zona |author3=Carl E. Lewis | year = 2008| title = Molecular Phylogenetic Studies of Caribbean Palms (Arecaceae) and Their Relationships to Biogeography and Conservation| journal = Botanical Review| volume = 74| issue = 1| pages = 78–102| doi = 10.1007/s12229-008-9005-9}}</ref>
|caption=Simplified phylogeny of the Cryosophileae based on four [[nuclear gene]]s and the ''[[Maturase K|matK]]'' plastid gene.<ref name = "Cano">{{Cite journal|last1=Cano|first1=Ángela|last2=Bacon|first2=Christine D.|last3=Stauffer|first3=Fred W.|last4=Antonelli|first4=Alexandre|last5=Serrano‐Serrano|first5=Martha L.|last6=Perret|first6=Mathieu|date=2018|title=The roles of dispersal and mass extinction in shaping palm diversity across the Caribbean|journal=Journal of Biogeography|language=en|volume=45|issue=6|pages=1432–1443|doi=10.1111/jbi.13225|s2cid=90347155 |issn=1365-2699}}</ref>
|cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:80%;line-height:75%
|cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%
|label1=Cryosophileae  
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Trithrinax]]''
|1={{clade
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Coccothrinax]]''
|1= ''[[Itaya]]''
|2=''[[Hemithrinax]]''
|2 = ''[[Sabinaria]]''
|3=''[[Leucothrinax]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1= ''[[Chelyocarpus]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|2=''[[Zombia]]''
|1= ''[[Cryosophila]]''
⚫
}}
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1='''''Thrinax'''''
|1={{clade
|2={{clade
|1= ''[[Schippia]]''
|1=''[[Schippia]]''
|2={{clade
|2=''[[Cryosophila]]''
|1= ''Thrinax''
}}
|2={{clade
}}
|1= ''[[Leucothrinax]]''
}}
|2= ''[[Hemithrinax]]''
|2=''[[Itaya]]''
}}
}}
⚫
}}
}}
|2=''[[Chelyocarpus]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1= ''[[Zombia]]''
|align= left
|2= ''[[Coccothrinax]]''
}}
⚫
}}
}}
}}
}}
⚫
}}
}}
}}
}}
In the first edition of ''[[Genera Palmarum]]'' (1987), [[Natalie Uhl]] and [[John Dransfield]] placed the genus ''Thrinax'' in [[subfamily]] [[Coryphoideae]], [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] [[Corypheae]] and [[subtribe]] [[Thrinacinae]].<ref name="GP1">{{cite book |last= Uhl |first= Natalie E. |author2=John Dransfield |title=Genera Palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore Jr |year=1987 |publisher=The L. H. Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society|location=Lawrence, Kansas}}</ref> Subsequent [[phylogeny|phylogenetic]] analyses showed that the [[Old World]] and [[New World]] members of Thrinacinae are not closely related and as a consequence, ''Thrinax'' and related genera were transferred into their own tribe, [[Cryosophileae]].<ref name = "Dransfield2005"/> In 2008, ''[[Leucothrinax|Leucothrinax morrisii]]'' (formerly ''T. morrisii'') was split from ''Thrinax'' after [[phylogeny|phylogenetic]] studies showed that its inclusion in ''Thrinax'' would render that genus [[paraphyletic]].<ref name = Lewis>{{cite journal| last = Lewis| first = Carl E.|author2=Scott Zona | year = 2008| title = ''Leucothrinax morrisii'', a new name for a familiar Caribbean palm| journal = Palms| volume = 52| issue = 2| pages = 84–88}}</ref>
In the first edition of ''[[Genera Palmarum]]'' (1987), [[Natalie Uhl]] and [[John Dransfield]] placed the genus ''Thrinax'' in [[subfamily]] [[Coryphoideae]], [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] [[Corypheae]] and [[subtribe]] [[Thrinacinae]].<ref name="GP1">{{cite book |last= Uhl |first= Natalie E. |author2=John Dransfield |title=Genera Palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore Jr |year=1987 |publisher=The L. H. Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society|location=Lawrence, Kansas}}</ref> Subsequent [[phylogeny|phylogenetic]] analyses showed that the [[Old World]] and [[New World]] members of Thrinacinae are not closely related and as a consequence, ''Thrinax'' and related genera were transferred into their own tribe, [[Cryosophileae]].<ref name = Dransfield2005>{{cite journal| last = Dransfield| first = John|author2=Natalie W. Uhl |author3=Conny B. Asmussen |author4=William J. Baker |author5=Madeline M. Harley |author6=Carl E. Lewis | year = 2005| title = A New Phylogenetic Classification of the Palm Family, Arecaceae| journal = Kew Bulletin| volume = 60| issue = 4| pages = 559–69| jstor = 25070242}}</ref> In 2008, ''[[Leucothrinax|Leucothrinax morrisii]]'' (formerly ''T. morrisii'') was split from ''Thrinax'' after [[phylogeny|phylogenetic]] studies showed that its inclusion in ''Thrinax'' would render that genus [[paraphyletic]].<ref name = Lewis>{{cite journal| last = Lewis| first = Carl E.|author2=Scott Zona | year = 2008| title = ''Leucothrinax morrisii'', a new name for a familiar Caribbean palm| journal = Palms| volume = 52| issue = 2| pages = 84–88}}</ref>
⚫
{{clear}}
===Species===
''Thrinax'' consists of three species.
{| class="wikitable collapsible"
|-
! Image !! Scientific name !! Distribution
|-
|[[File:Thrinax excelsa1.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Thrinax excelsa]]'' || [[Jamaica]]
|-
|[[File:Thrinax-paviflora-var-paviflora.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Thrinax parviflora]]'' || [[Jamaica]]
|-
|[[File:Thrinax Radiata.JPG|120px]] ||''[[Thrinax radiata]]'' || [[Greater Antilles]], [[the Bahamas]], south [[Florida]], [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]].
|-
|}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Arecaceae genera}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q142326}}


[[Category:Thrinax| ]]
[[Category:Thrinax| ]]
[[Category:Arecaceae genera]]
[[Category:Arecaceae genera]]
[[Category:Coryphoideae]]
[[Category:Trees of the Caribbean]]
[[Category:Trees of the Caribbean]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Olof Swartz]]

⚫
{{-}}
{{Corypheae-stub}}
{{tree-stub}}

Revision as of 04:28, 23 November 2022

For other uses, see Thrinax (disambiguation).

Thrinax
Thrinax radiata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Coryphoideae
Tribe: Cryosophileae
Genus: Thrinax
L.f. ex Sw.
Species

Thrinax excelsa
Thrinax parviflora
Thrinax radiata

Synonyms[1]

Porothrinax H.Wendl. ex Griseb.

Thrinax is a genus in the palm family, native to the Caribbean. It is closely related to the genera Coccothrinax, Hemithrinax and Zombia.[2] Flowers are small, bisexual and are borne on small stalks.

Taxonomy

Cryosophileae  
Simplified phylogeny of the Cryosophileae based on four nuclear genes and the matK plastid gene.[3]

In the first edition of Genera Palmarum (1987), Natalie Uhl and John Dransfield placed the genus Thrinax in subfamily Coryphoideae, tribe Corypheae and subtribe Thrinacinae.[4] Subsequent phylogenetic analyses showed that the Old World and New World members of Thrinacinae are not closely related and as a consequence, Thrinax and related genera were transferred into their own tribe, Cryosophileae.[5] In 2008, Leucothrinax morrisii (formerly T. morrisii) was split from Thrinax after phylogenetic studies showed that its inclusion in Thrinax would render that genus paraphyletic.[6]

Species

Thrinax consists of three species.

Image Scientific name Distribution
Thrinax excelsa Jamaika
Thrinax parviflora Jamaika
Thrinax radiata Greater Antilles, the Bahamas, south Florida, Mexico and Central America.

References

  1. ^ "Thrinax". World Checklist of Selected Plant Species. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  2. ^ Henderson, Andrew; Gloria Galeano; Rodrigo Bernal (1995). Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-08537-1.
  3. ^ Cano, Ángela; Bacon, Christine D.; Stauffer, Fred W.; Antonelli, Alexandre; Serrano‐Serrano, Martha L.; Perret, Mathieu (2018). "The roles of dispersal and mass extinction in shaping palm diversity across the Caribbean". Journal of Biogeography. 45 (6): 1432–1443. doi:10.1111/jbi.13225. ISSN 1365-2699. S2CID 90347155.
  4. ^ Uhl, Natalie E.; John Dransfield (1987). Genera Palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore Jr. Lawrence, Kansas: The L. H. Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society.
  5. ^ Dransfield, John; Natalie W. Uhl; Conny B. Asmussen; William J. Baker; Madeline M. Harley; Carl E. Lewis (2005). "A New Phylogenetic Classification of the Palm Family, Arecaceae". Kew Bulletin. 60 (4): 559–69. JSTOR 25070242.
  6. ^ Lewis, Carl E.; Scott Zona (2008). "Leucothrinax morrisii, a new name for a familiar Caribbean palm". Palms. 52 (2): 84–88.
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