Lauder Brunton: Difference between revisions

Sir Lauder Brunton
Bt FRS
Sir Lauder Brunton Bt FRS
	Brunton in 1881
Born	14 March 1844; Roxburgh, Scotland
Died	16 September 1916 (aged 72); London, England
Nationality	Scottish
Other names	Lauder Brunton
Known for	Treatment of angina pectoris
Spouse	Louisa Jane Stopford (m. 1879; died 1909)
Awards	Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh (1915)

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Sir Thomas Lauder Brunton, 1st Baronet, FRS (14 March 1844 – 16 September 1916) was a British physician who is most-closely associated with the use of amyl nitrite to treat angina pectoris.

Early life

Brunton was born on 14 March 1844 in Roxburgh in southeastern Scotland, the son of James Brunton (1781–1863) and his second wife Agnes Stenhouse (1807–1848). James's first wife was Euphemia Lauder (1794–1822), which gives explanation for his middle name, although he was not directly related to the Lauder's of the Bass.^[1] He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, beginning research into pharmacology while still a student there, and receiving a gold medal for his 1866 thesis on digitalis.

Career

He left Edinburgh to work in Austria, the Netherlands, and Germany, returning to University College, London, and while there he was selected for a position at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Brunton's clinical use of amyl nitrite to treat angina was inspired by earlier work with the same reagent by Arthur Gamgee and Benjamin Ward Richardson. Brunton reasoned that the pain and discomfort of angina could be reduced by administering amyl nitrite to open the coronary arteries of patients. In 1874, Brunton was made a Fellow of the Royal Society. He delivered the Goulstonian Lecture in 1877 on "Pharmacology and Therapeutics" and the Croonian Lecture in 1889 on "The Chemical structure of Physiological Action", both to the Royal College of Physicians. He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 1900 New Year Honours list, received the knighthood by Queen Victoria at Osborne House on 9 February 1900,^[2] and was made a baronet in 1908.^[3] In 1915, he was awarded the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh.

Diabetes

Brunton favoured a low-carbohydrate high-fat diet to treat diabetes.^[4] In 1874, he recommended a diet consisting of butcher meat, fish, eggs and soup with butter, cheese, cream and oil. All fruit and vegetables apart from cress, lettuce and spinach were forbidden.^[5]

In The Lancet in 1894, Brunton stated that he was the first to use raw meat to treat diabetic patients in 1873. The results were not successful.^[4]

Personal life

Brunton married Louisa Jane, daughter of Edward Stopford, Archdeacon of Meath, in 1879. She died in 1909.

He died in London on 16 September 1916, aged 72, and was buried on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery. His memorial was designed by Sir Robert Lorimer. Lorimer also designed a plaque to Brunton in Bowden in Roxburghshire, erected in 1920.^[6]

He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son Stopford Brunton. Another son, Lt. Edward Brunton, was killed at the Battle of Loos.

Some of Brunton's papers are held at the National Library of Medicine.^[7]

Selected publications

Brunton, T. Lauder (1874). "The Pathology and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus". The British Medical Journal. 1 (686): 221–224. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.686.221. PMC 2293828. PMID 20747395.
Brunton, T. Lauder (1875). Experimental Investigation of the Action of Medicines. London: J. and A. Churchill.
Brunton, T. Lauder (1880). Pharmacology and Therapeutics, or, Medicine Past and Present. London: Macmillan and Company.
Brunton, T. Lauder (1885). A Textbook of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Materia Medica. London: Macmillan and Company.
Brunton, T. Lauder (1886). On Disorders of Digestion, Their Consequences and Treatment. London: Macmillan and Company.
Brunton, T. Lauder (1894). "Organs of Animals in the Treatment of Disease". The Lancet. 143 (3687): 1096–1097. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)40529-0.
Brunton, T. Lauder (1915). Therapeutics of the Circulation (2 ed.). New York: Paul E. Hoeber.

References

^ James Brunton Grave Headstone
^ "No. 27167". The London Gazette. 20 February 1900. p. 1169.
^ "No. 28158". The London Gazette. 14 July 1908. p. 5133.
^ ^a ^b Tattersall, Robert (1995). "Pancreatic organotherapy for diabetes, 1889-1921". Medical History. 39 (3): 288–316. doi:10.1017/s0025727300060087. PMC 1037001. PMID 7643671.
^ Brunton, Thomas Lauder (1874). "The Pathology and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus". The British Medical Journal. 1 (686): 221–224. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.686.221. PMC 2293828. PMID 20747395.
^ Dictionary of Scottish Architects: Robert Lorimer
^ "Sir Thomas Lauder Brunton Correspondence 1881–1912". National Library of Medicine.

External links

Works by Lauder Brunton at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)

Baronetage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Baronet (of Stratford Place) 1908–1916	Succeeded by Stopford Brunton

[1] James Brunton Grave Headstone

[2] "No. 27167". The London Gazette. 20 February 1900. p. 1169.

[3] "No. 28158". The London Gazette. 14 July 1908. p. 5133.

[Tattersall_1995-4] Tattersall, Robert (1995). "Pancreatic organotherapy for diabetes, 1889-1921". Medical History. 39 (3): 288–316. doi:10.1017/s0025727300060087. PMC 1037001. PMID 7643671.

[5] Brunton, Thomas Lauder (1874). "The Pathology and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus". The British Medical Journal. 1 (686): 221–224. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.686.221. PMC 2293828. PMID 20747395.

[6] Dictionary of Scottish Architects: Robert Lorimer

[7] "Sir Thomas Lauder Brunton Correspondence 1881–1912". National Library of Medicine.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|British physician (1844–1916)}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
-{{Infobox scientist |name =Sir Lauder Brunton, Bt
+{{Infobox scientist
+| name              = Sir Lauder Brunton
+| honorific_suffix  = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|Bt|FRS|size=100%}}
- |image             =Lauder Brunton 1881.jpg
+| image             = Lauder Brunton 1881.jpg
- |image_size       =240px
- |caption           =Lauder Brunton in 1881
+| caption           = Brunton in 1881
- |birth_date        =14 March 1844
+| birth_date        = 14 March 1844
- |birth_place       =[[Roxburgh]], Scotland
+| birth_place       = [[Roxburgh]], Scotland
- |death_date        =16 September 1916 (aged 72)
+| death_date        = 16 September 1916 (aged 72)
- |death_place       = [[London]], England
+| death_place       = [[London]], England
- |residence         =
+| residence         =
- |citizenship       =
+| citizenship       =
- |nationality       =Scottish
+| nationality       = Scottish
- |ethnicity         =
+| other_names       = Lauder Brunton
- |field             =
+| field             =
- |work_institutions =
+| work_institutions =
- |alma_mater        =
+| alma_mater        =
- |doctoral_advisor  =
+| doctoral_advisor  =
- |doctoral_students =
+| doctoral_students =
- |known_for         = Treatment of [[angina pectoris]]
+| known_for         = Treatment of [[angina pectoris]]
+| influences        =
- |author_abbrev_bot =
+| influenced        =
- |author_abbrev_zoo =
+| prizes            = [[Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh]] {{small|(1915)}}
- |influences        =
- |influenced        =
+| footnotes         =
+| spouse            = {{marriage|Louisa Jane Stopford|1879|1909|reason=died}}
- |prizes            =
- |footnotes         =
+| signature         =
+}}
- |spouse =  {{marriage|Louisa Jane Stopford|1879|1909|reason=her death}}
+'''Sir Thomas Lauder Brunton, 1st Baronet''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}} (14 March 1844 – 16 September 1916) was a British physician who is most-closely associated with the use of [[amyl nitrite]] to treat [[angina pectoris]].
- |signature         = }}
-'''Sir Thomas Lauder Brunton, 1st Baronet''', [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (14 March 1844 – 16 September 1916) was a Scottish physician who is most-closely associated with the use of [[amyl nitrite]] to treat [[angina pectoris]].
-==Biography ==
+==Early life==
-Brunton was born in [[Roxburgh]] in southeastern Scotland, the son of James Brunton (1781-1863) and his second wife Agnes Stenhouse (1807-1848). James's first wife was Euphemia Lauder (1794-1822), which gives explanation for his middle name, although he was not directly related to the Lauder's of the Bass.<ref>James Brunton Grave Headstone</ref> He studied medicine at the [[University of Edinburgh]], beginning research into pharmacology while still a student there, and receiving a gold medal for his 1866 thesis on [[digitalis]].  Following additional work in Austria, the Netherlands, and Germany, Brunton returned to [[University College, London]], and while there he was selected for a position at [[St. Bartholomew's Hospital]]. Brunton's clinical use of [[amyl nitrite]] to treat [[Angina pectoris|angina]] was inspired by earlier work with the same reagent by [[Arthur Gamgee]] and [[Benjamin Ward Richardson]].  Brunton reasoned that the pain and discomfort of angina could be reduced by administering amyl nitrite to open the coronary arteries of patients. In 1874, Brunton was made a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]]. He delivered the [[Goulstonian Lecture]] in 1877 on "Pharmacology and Therapeutics" and the [[Croonian Lecture]] in 1889 on "The Chemical structure of Physiological Action", both to the [[Royal College of Physicians]]. He was appointed a [[Knight Bachelor]] in the [[1900 New Year Honours|1900 New Year Honours list]], received the knighthood by [[Queen Victoria]] at [[Osborne House]] on 9 February 1900,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27167 |date=20 February 1900 |page=1169}}</ref> and was made a [[baronet]] in 1908.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28158 |date=14 July 1908 |page=5133}}</ref> Brunton married Louisa Jane, daughter of the Venerable Edward Adderley Stopford, [[Archdeacon]] of Meath, in 1879. She died in 1909.
+Brunton was born on 14 March 1844 in [[Roxburgh]] in southeastern Scotland, the son of James Brunton (1781–1863) and his second wife Agnes Stenhouse (1807–1848). James's first wife was Euphemia Lauder (1794–1822), which gives explanation for his middle name, although he was not directly related to the Lauder's of the Bass.<ref>James Brunton Grave Headstone</ref> He studied medicine at the [[University of Edinburgh]], beginning research into pharmacology while still a student there, and receiving a gold medal for his 1866 thesis on [[digitalis]].
+==Career==
-Brunton died in [[London]] in September 1916, aged 72, and was buried in [[Highgate Cemetery]]. His memorial was designed by Sir [[Robert Lorimer]]. Lorimer also designed a plaque to Brunton in [[Bowden, Scottish Borders|Bowden]] in Roxburghshire, erected in 1920.<ref>Dictionary of Scottish Architects: Robert Lorimer</ref>
+He left Edinburgh to work in Austria, the Netherlands, and Germany, returning to [[University College, London]], and while there he was selected for a position at [[St. Bartholomew's Hospital]]. Brunton's clinical use of [[amyl nitrite]] to treat [[Angina pectoris|angina]] was inspired by earlier work with the same reagent by [[Arthur Gamgee]] and [[Benjamin Ward Richardson]].  Brunton reasoned that the pain and discomfort of angina could be reduced by administering amyl nitrite to open the coronary arteries of patients. In 1874, Brunton was made a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]]. He delivered the [[Goulstonian Lecture]] in 1877 on "Pharmacology and Therapeutics" and the [[Croonian Lecture]] in 1889 on "The Chemical structure of Physiological Action", both to the [[Royal College of Physicians]]. He was appointed a [[Knight Bachelor]] in the [[1900 New Year Honours|1900 New Year Honours list]], received the knighthood by [[Queen Victoria]] at [[Osborne House]] on 9 February 1900,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27167 |date=20 February 1900|page=1169}}</ref> and was made a [[baronet]] in 1908.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28158 |date=14 July 1908 |page=5133}}</ref> In 1915, he was awarded the [[Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh]].
+==Diabetes==
-He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son Stopford Brunton. Another son, Lt. Edward Brunton, was killed at the [[Battle of Loos]].
+Brunton favoured a [[Low-carbohydrate diet|low-carbohydrate]] high-fat diet to treat [[diabetes]].<ref name="Tattersall 1995">{{cite journal|author=Tattersall, Robert|year=1995|title=Pancreatic organotherapy for diabetes, 1889-1921|journal=Medical History|volume=39|issue=3|pages=288–316|pmc=1037001|pmid=7643671|doi=10.1017/s0025727300060087}}</ref> In 1874, he recommended a diet consisting of butcher meat, fish, eggs and soup with butter, cheese, cream and oil. All fruit and vegetables apart from [[Garden cress|cress]], lettuce and spinach were forbidden.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Brunton, Thomas Lauder|year=1874|title=The Pathology and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=686|pages=221–224|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.686.221 |pmid=20747395|pmc=2293828 }}</ref>
-Some of Brunton's papers are held at the National Library of Medicine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oculus.nlm.nih.gov/brunton073|title=Sir Thomas Lauder Brunton Correspondence 1881-1912|publisher=National Library of Medicine}}</ref>
+In ''[[The Lancet]]'' in 1894, Brunton stated that he was the first to use [[raw meat]] to treat diabetic patients in 1873. The results were not successful.<ref name="Tattersall 1995"/>
-Lauder Brunton would convert to Islam and took up the name '''Jalaluddin Lauder Brunton'''.<ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=uz09BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA269|title=Islam in Victorian Britain: The Life and Times of Abdullah Quilliam|author= Ron Geaves|page=269|isbn=9781847740380|date=2010-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=105vAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT63|title=Why did they become muslims?|author=M. Sıddık Gümüş}}</ref>
+==Personal life==
-== Selected works ==
+Brunton married Louisa Jane, daughter of [[Edward Stopford (priest)|Edward Stopford]], [[Archdeacon of Meath]], in 1879. She died in 1909.
-* {{cite book | author = Brunton, T. Lauder | title = Experimental Investigation of the Action of Medicines | year = 1875 | publisher = J. and A. Churchill | location = London | url = https://books.google.com/?id=SD_WM9ax61YC&pg=PA1}}
-* {{cite book | author = Brunton, T. Lauder | title = Pharmacology and Therapeutics, or, Medicine Past and Present | year = 1880 | publisher = Macmillan and Company | location = London | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LR4JAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover}}
+He died in [[London]] on 16 September 1916, aged 72, and was buried on the eastern side of [[Highgate Cemetery]]. His memorial was designed by Sir [[Robert Lorimer]]. Lorimer also designed a plaque to Brunton in [[Bowden, Scottish Borders|Bowden]] in Roxburghshire, erected in 1920.<ref>Dictionary of Scottish Architects: Robert Lorimer</ref>
-* {{cite book | author = Brunton, Thomas Lauder | title = A Textbook of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Materia Medica | year = 1885 | publisher = Macmillan and Company | location = London | url = }}
+[[File:Family grave of Sir Thomas Lauder Brunton in Highgate Cemetery.jpg|thumb|Family grave of Sir Thomas Lauder Brunton in [[Highgate Cemetery]]]]
-* {{cite book | author = Brunton, T. Lauder | title = On Disorders of Digestion, Their Consequences and Treatment | year = 1886 | publisher = Macmillan and Company | location = London | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HVcQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover }}
+He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son Stopford Brunton<!-- Full name: James Stopford Lauder Brunton -->. Another son, Lt. Edward Brunton, was killed at the [[Battle of Loos]].
-* {{cite book | author = Brunton, Lauder | title = Therapeutics of the Circulation | edition = 2 | year = 1915 | publisher = Paul E. Hoeber | location = New York | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9k51uT_-ED4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Lauder+Brunton#PPR3,M1 }}
+Some of Brunton's papers are held at the National Library of Medicine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oculus.nlm.nih.gov/brunton073|title=Sir Thomas Lauder Brunton Correspondence 1881–1912|publisher=National Library of Medicine}}</ref>
+== Selected publications ==
+*{{cite journal|author=Brunton, T. Lauder|year=1874|title=The Pathology and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=686|pages=221–224|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.686.221 |pmid=20747395|pmc=2293828 }}
+* {{cite book | author = Brunton, T. Lauder | title = Experimental Investigation of the Action of Medicines | year = 1875 | publisher = J. and A. Churchill | location = London | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SD_WM9ax61YC&pg=PA1}}
+* {{cite book | author = Brunton, T. Lauder | title = Pharmacology and Therapeutics, or, Medicine Past and Present | year = 1880 | publisher = Macmillan and Company | location = London | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_LR4JAAAAIAAJ}}
+* {{cite book | author = Brunton, T. Lauder | title = A Textbook of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Materia Medica | year = 1885 | publisher = Macmillan and Company | location = London }}
+* {{cite book | author = Brunton, T. Lauder | title = On Disorders of Digestion, Their Consequences and Treatment | year = 1886 | publisher = Macmillan and Company | location = London | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HVcQAAAAYAAJ}}
+*{{cite journal|author=Brunton, T. Lauder|year=1894|title=Organs of Animals in the Treatment of Disease|journal=The Lancet|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=iau.31858021447093&view=2up&seq=221&size=200|volume=143|issue=3687|pages=1096–1097|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)40529-0 }}
+* {{cite book | author = Brunton, T. Lauder | title = Therapeutics of the Circulation | edition = 2 | year = 1915 | publisher = Paul E. Hoeber | location = New York | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9k51uT_-ED4C}}
 == References ==
-{{Commons category}}
 <references />
 == Further reading ==
+{{Commons category}}
-{{Wikisource|Author:Thomas Lauder Brunton}}
+{{Wikisource author|Thomas Lauder Brunton}}
-* {{cite journal | author = Fye, W. Bruce | title = T. Lauder Brunton and Amyl Nitrite: A Victorian Vasodilator | year = 1986 | volume = 74 | pages = 222–229 | url = http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/74/2/222.pdf | issue=2 | doi=10.1161/01.cir.74.2.222 | pmid = 3524895 | journal=Circulation}}
-* {{cite journal | author = C. A. | title = Thomas Lauder Brunton, 1844–1916 | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | year = 1917 | volume = 89 | issue = 622 | pages = xliv – xlviii|department=Obituary Notices of Fellows Deceased|url=https://archive.org/details/philtrans07268028|doi=10.1098/rspb.1917.0010}}
+* {{cite journal | author = Fye, W. Bruce | title = T. Lauder Brunton and Amyl Nitrite: A Victorian Vasodilator | year = 1986 | volume = 74 | pages = 222–229 | url = http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/74/2/222.pdf | issue=2 | doi=10.1161/01.cir.74.2.222 | pmid = 3524895 | journal=Circulation| doi-access = free }}
+* {{cite journal | author = C.&nbsp;A. | title = Thomas Lauder Brunton, 1844–1916 | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | year = 1917 | volume = 89 | issue = 622 | pages = xliv – xlviii|department=Obituary Notices of Fellows Deceased|url=https://archive.org/details/philtrans07268028|doi=10.1098/rspb.1917.0010| doi-access = free }}
 * [http://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst2023.html Brief summary of Brunton's work]
-* [http://www.leighrayment.com/baronetage/baronetsB6.htm Baronetcy of Brunton and his successors]
+* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080501224814/http://www.leighrayment.com/baronetage/baronetsB6.htm Baronetcy of Brunton and his successors]}}
+==External links==
+* {{Librivox author |id=16498}}
 {{s-start}}
 {{s-reg|uk-bt}}
+{{s-new|creation}}
-{{succession box | title=[[Brunton baronets|Baronet]]<br>'''(of Stratford Place)''' | years=1908–1916  | before= New creation |  after= James Stopford Lauder Brunton }}
+{{s-ttl|title=[[Brunton baronets|Baronet]]<br>'''(of Stratford Place)'''|years=1908–1916}}
+{{s-aft|after=Stopford Brunton}}
 {{s-end}}
+{{Low-carbohydrate diets}}
 {{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Brunton, Thomas Lauder}}
 [[Category:1844 births]]
 [[Category:1916 deaths]]
+[[Category:19th-century Scottish medical doctors]]
 [[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
 [[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom]]
+[[Category:British diabetologists]]
+[[Category:Burials at Highgate Cemetery]]
 [[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
 [[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
-[[Category:Burials at Highgate Cemetery]]
+[[Category:Low-carbohydrate diet advocates]]
-[[Category:19th-century Scottish medical doctors]]
+[[Category:Scottish medical writers]]

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