Upside down goggles: Difference between revisions

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Upside down goggles, also known as "invertoscopes" by Russian researchers,^[1] are optical instruments that invert the image received by the retinas upside down. They are used to study human visual perception, particularly psychological process of building a visual image in the brain. Objects viewed through such a device appear upside down and mirrored. They are constructed using sets of optical right-angle prisms, concave mirrors, or a mirror plus right-angle prisms with unequal cathethus.

Purpose

Upside down goggles can be used to demonstrate human adaptation to inverted vision, and as a method of preventing motion sickness.^[2] Hubert Dolezal recommended using upside down goggles for "nausea adaptation" for space travel.^[3]

They can also be used to train spatial abilities and possibly cognitive functions.^{[Patents of devices 1]}

Effect

Under normal circumstances, an inverted image is formed on the retina of the eye. With the help of upside down goggles, the image on the retina of the observer's eyes is turned back (straightened) and thus the space around the observer looks upside down.^[4]

History

George M. Stratton designed the first upside down goggles for a psychological experiment. His device used short-focus lenses. Stratton used a one-tube, monocular device because this also reverses left and right and he wished to set up an experiment without distortion of depth perception.^[5]

In 1931 Theodor Erismann and Ivo Kohler conducted a series of experiments using mirror-prismatic upside down goggles employing only one mirror.^[6]

After experimenting since 1984, in 1991 Hubert Dolezal procured a US patent for comfortable light weight upside down goggles.^{[Patents of devices 2]}

Modern upside down goggles consist of two prisms fixed onto a comfortable ski mask-like base.

Notes

^ Patent RU2008802 "Training of spatial abilities of human"
^ US Patent 5,042,910 "Prismatic image transposing optical system"

References

^ Logvinenko, A.D. (1974). Perception under the conditions of inversion of the visual field. Dissertation. Russia: MSU. pp. 5–67.
^ Khotinskiy, D.A. (2017). "Vestibulo-ocular stage of human adaptation to inversion or reversion of the field of view as method of preventing motion sickness. pp 64" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 30, 2019. Alt URL
^ Hubert, Dolezal (1982). Living in a World Transformed. Chicago Illinois: Department of Psychology Northeastern Illinois University Chicago. p. 314. ISBN 978-1-932846-02-7.
^ Logvinenko, A.D. (1974). "Adaptation to inverting vision". Questions of Psychology. 12: 101.
^ Stratton, George (1896). "Some preliminary experiments on vision without inversion of the retinal image". APA PsycNET: 1.
^ Sachse, P.; Beermann, U.; Martini, M.; Maran, T.; Domeier, M.; Furtner, M. R. (2017). ""The world is upside down" - The Innsbruck Goggle Experiments of Theodor Erismann (1883-1961) and Ivo Kohler (1915-1985)". Cortex; A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior. 92: 222–232. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2017.04.014. PMID 28521154. S2CID 4636264.

External links

How it looks for childhood perception

[4] Patent RU2008802 "Training of spatial abilities of human"

[8] US Patent 5,042,910 "Prismatic image transposing optical system"

[1] Logvinenko, A.D. (1974). Perception under the conditions of inversion of the visual field. Dissertation. Russia: MSU. pp. 5–67.

[2] Khotinskiy, D.A. (2017). "Vestibulo-ocular stage of human adaptation to inversion or reversion of the field of view as method of preventing motion sickness. pp 64" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 30, 2019. Alt URL

[3] Hubert, Dolezal (1982). Living in a World Transformed. Chicago Illinois: Department of Psychology Northeastern Illinois University Chicago. p. 314. ISBN 978-1-932846-02-7.

[5] Logvinenko, A.D. (1974). "Adaptation to inverting vision". Questions of Psychology. 12: 101.

[6] Stratton, George (1896). "Some preliminary experiments on vision without inversion of the retinal image". APA PsycNET: 1.

[7] Sachse, P.; Beermann, U.; Martini, M.; Maran, T.; Domeier, M.; Furtner, M. R. (2017). ""The world is upside down" - The Innsbruck Goggle Experiments of Theodor Erismann (1883-1961) and Ivo Kohler (1915-1985)". Cortex; A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior. 92: 222–232. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2017.04.014. PMID 28521154. S2CID 4636264.

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[2]

[3]

[Patents of devices 1]

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[5]

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[Patents of devices 2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Eyewear that inverts the wearer's view}}
-[[File:Upside down goggles.png|alt=upside down goggles|thumb|wide angle modern upside down goggles (147°x68° field of view) ]]
+[[File:Upside down goggles.png|alt=upside down goggles|thumb|Modern wide angle upside down goggles (147° x 68° field of view) ]]
-'''Upside down goggles''', also known as "invertoscope" by Russian researchers,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Perception under the conditions of inversion of the visual field. Dissertation|last=Logvinenko|first=A.D.|publisher=MSU|year=1974|isbn=|location=Russia|pages=5-67}}</ref> are an optical instrument that inverts the image received by the retinas upside down. It is used to study human [[visual perception]], particularly psychological process of building a visual image in the brain. Objects viewed through the device appear upside down and mirrored. They are constructed using sets of optical right-angle prisms, [[Dove prism]]s, or a mirror plus right-angle prisms with unequal catetus.
+'''Upside down goggles''', also known as "invertoscopes" by Russian researchers,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Perception under the conditions of inversion of the visual field. Dissertation|last=Logvinenko|first=A.D.|publisher=MSU|year=1974|location=Russia|pages=5–67}}</ref> are optical instruments that invert the image received by the retinas upside down. They are used to study human [[visual perception]], particularly psychological process of building a visual image in the brain. Objects viewed through such a device appear upside down and mirrored. They are constructed using sets of optical right-angle prisms, [[Dove prism|concave mirrors]], or a mirror plus right-angle prisms with unequal cathethus.
 == Purpose ==
-Upside down goggles can be used to demonstrate human adaptation to inverted vision, and as a method of preventing motion sickness.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://main.sportedu.ru/sites/all/modules/gdv/gdv.php?url=http://www.extreme-edu.ru/sites/extreme-edu.ru/files/book_02_2017.pdf|title=Vestibulo-ocular stage of human adaptation to inversion or reversion of the field of view as method of preventing motion sickness. pp 64|last=Khotinskiy|first=D.A.|date=2017|website=|archive-url=http://www.extreme-edu.ru/sites/extreme-edu.ru/files/book_02_2017.pdf|archive-date=2017|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Hubert Dolezal recommended to use upside down goggles for "nausea adaptation" for space travel.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Living in a World Transformed|last=Hubert|first=Dolezal|publisher=Departament of Psychology Northeastern Illinois Universiity Chicago|year=1982|isbn=978-1-932846-02-7|location=Chicago Illinois|pages=314}}</ref>
+Upside down goggles can be used to demonstrate human adaptation to inverted vision, and as a method of preventing motion sickness.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://main.sportedu.ru/sites/all/modules/gdv/gdv.php?url=http://www.extreme-edu.ru/sites/extreme-edu.ru/files/book_02_2017.pdf|title=Vestibulo-ocular stage of human adaptation to inversion or reversion of the field of view as method of preventing motion sickness. pp 64|last=Khotinskiy|first=D.A.|date=2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130051331/http://main.sportedu.ru/sites/all/modules/gdv/gdv.php?url=http://www.extreme-edu.ru/sites/extreme-edu.ru/files/book_02_2017.pdf|archive-date=November 30, 2019}} [http://www.extreme-edu.ru/sites/extreme-edu.ru/files/book_02_2017.pdf Alt URL]</ref> Hubert Dolezal recommended using upside down goggles for "nausea adaptation" for space travel.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Living in a World Transformed|last=Hubert|first=Dolezal|publisher=Department of Psychology Northeastern Illinois University Chicago|year=1982|isbn=978-1-932846-02-7|location=Chicago Illinois|pages=314}}</ref>
-They can also be used to train spatial abilities and possibly cognitive functions.<ref group="Patents of devices">Patent  RU2008802 "Trainig of spatial abilities of human"</ref>
+They can also be used to train spatial abilities and possibly cognitive functions.<ref group="Patents of devices">Patent&nbsp; RU2008802 "Training of spatial abilities of human"</ref>
 == Effect ==
-[[File:Blinking in Upside Down Goggles.gif|alt=man blinking in Upside Down Goggles|thumb|How human blinking looks in upside down goggles]]
+[[File:Blinking in Upside Down Goggles.gif|alt=man blinking in Upside Down Goggles|thumb|How a human looks blinking in upside down goggles]]
-Under normal circumstances, an inverted image is formed on the [[retina]] of the eye. With the help of upside down goggles, the image on the retina of the observer's eyes is turned back (straightened) and thus the space around the observer looks upside down.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Logvinenko|first=A.D.|date=1974|title=Adaptation to inverting vision|url=http://www.voppsy.ru/issues/1980/806/806097.htm|journal=Questions of psychology|volume=12|pages=101|via=}}</ref>
+Under normal circumstances, an inverted image is formed on the [[retina]] of the eye. With the help of upside down goggles, the image on the retina of the observer's eyes is turned back (straightened) and thus the space around the observer looks upside down.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Logvinenko|first=A.D.|date=1974|title=Adaptation to inverting vision|url=http://www.voppsy.ru/issues/1980/806/806097.htm|journal=Questions of Psychology|volume=12|pages=101}}</ref>
 == History ==
-[[George M. Stratton]] designed first upside down goggles for [[psychological experiment]]. His device used short-focus lenses. Stratton used a one-tubus, monocular device because this also reverses left and right and he wished to set up an experiment without distortion of depth perception.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stratton|first=George|date=1896|title=Some preliminary experiments on vision without inversion of the retinal image|url=http://psycnet.apa.org/record/1926-02862-001|journal=APA PsycNET|volume=|pages=1|via=}}</ref>
+[[George M. Stratton]] designed the first upside down goggles for a [[psychological experiment]]. His device used short-focus lenses. Stratton used a one-tube, monocular device because this also reverses left and right and he wished to set up an experiment without distortion of depth perception.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stratton|first=George|date=1896|title=Some preliminary experiments on vision without inversion of the retinal image|url=http://psycnet.apa.org/record/1926-02862-001|journal=APA PsycNET|pages=1}}</ref>
-In 1931 Theodor Erismann and Ivo Kohler conducted a series of experiments using mirror-prismatic upside down goggles employing only one mirror.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28521154|title="The world is upside down" - The Innsbruck Goggle Experiments of Theodor Erismann (1883-1961) and Ivo Kohler (1915-1985).|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
+In 1931 Theodor Erismann and Ivo Kohler conducted a series of experiments using mirror-prismatic upside down goggles employing only one mirror.<ref>{{Cite journal|title="The world is upside down" - The Innsbruck Goggle Experiments of Theodor Erismann (1883-1961) and Ivo Kohler (1915-1985).|journal=Cortex; A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior|volume=92|pages=222–232|pmid = 28521154|year = 2017|last1 = Sachse|first1 = P.|last2=Beermann|first2=U.|last3=Martini|first3=M.|last4=Maran|first4=T.|last5=Domeier|first5=M.|last6=Furtner|first6=M. R.|doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2017.04.014|s2cid=4636264}}</ref>
-After long term experiments since 1984 in 1991 Hubert Dolezal got US patent for comfortable light weight upside down goggles.<ref group="Patents of devices">US Patent 5,042,910 "Prismatic image transposing optical system"</ref>
+After experimenting since 1984, in 1991 Hubert Dolezal procured a US patent for comfortable light weight upside down goggles.<ref group="Patents of devices">US Patent 5,042,910 "Prismatic image transposing optical system"</ref>
+Modern upside down goggles consist of two prisms fixed onto a comfortable ski mask-like base.
 ==Notes==
@@ Line 26: / Line 29: @@
 == External links ==
 * [http://en.invertos.com/perception How it looks for childhood perception]
-{{Stereoscopy|state=expanded}}
+{{Stereoscopy}}
+{{Eyewear}}
 [[Category:Visual perception]]
 [[Category:Optical instruments]]
-{{improve categories|date=November 2018}}

v t e Stereoscopy and 3D display
Perception	3D stereo view Binocular rivalry Binocular vision Chromostereopsis Convergence insufficiency Correspondence problem Peripheral vision Depth perception Epipolar geometry Kinetic depth effect Stereoblindness Stereopsis Stereopsis recovery Stereoscopic acuity Vergence-accommodation conflict
Display technologies	Active shutter 3D system Anaglyph 3D Autostereogram Autostereoscopy Bubblegram Head-mounted display Holography Integral imaging Lenticular lens Multiscopy Parallax barrier Parallax scrolling Polarized 3D system Specular holography Stereo display Stereoscope Vectograph Virtual retinal display Volumetric display Wiggle stereoscopy
Other technologies	2D to 3D conversion 2D plus Delta 2D-plus-depth Computer stereo vision Multiview Video Coding Parallax scanning Pseudoscope Stereo photography techniques Stereoautograph Stereoscopic depth rendition Stereoscopic rangefinder Stereoscopic spectroscopy Stereoscopic video coding
Product types	3D camcorder 3D film 3D television 3D-enabled mobile phones 4D film Blu-ray 3D Digital 3D Stereo camera Stereo microscope Stereoscopic video game Virtual reality headset
Notable products	AMD HD3D Dolby 3D Fujifilm FinePix Real 3D Infitec MasterImage 3D Nintendo 3DS New 3DS Nvidia 3D Vision Panavision 3D RealD 3D Sharp Actius RD3D View-Master XpanD 3D
Miscellany	Stereographer Stereoscopic Displays and Applications

v t e Types of eyewear
(Eye)glasses / spectacles	Belay Bifocals Browline Bug-eye Cat eye Chicken GI Groucho Horn-rimmed Lensless Lorgnette Oper Monocle Pince-nez Pinhole Rimless Scissors Shooting Smart Trifocals Windsor X-ray
Sunglasses	Aviator Mirrored Solar viewer Shutter Wayfarer
Goggles	Ballistic Dark adaptor Doggles Fatal Vision Foggles Night-vision Snow Swedish Upside down Welding
Other	Blindfold Blinder Blinker Kontakt Eyepatch Shutter system VR headset