Fokker T.II: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Single engine floatplane}} |
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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin |
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin |
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| name=T.II |
| name=T.II |
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| image=US Navy Fokker FT-1 in flight near NAS Norfolk in April 1923.jpg |
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| image= |
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| caption= |
| caption= |
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}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type |
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type |
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| type=[[ |
| type=[[Torpedo bomber]] |
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| national origin=[[Netherlands]] |
| national origin=[[Netherlands]] |
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| manufacturer=[[Fokker|Fokker-Flugzeugwerke]] |
| manufacturer=[[Fokker|Fokker-Flugzeugwerke]] |
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| designer= |
| designer= |
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| first flight=1921 |
| first flight=1921 |
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| introduced= |
| introduced=1922 |
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| retired= |
| retired=ca. 1926 |
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| status= |
| status= |
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| primary user= |
| primary user=[[US Navy]] |
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| more users= <!--Limited to three in total; separate using <br /> --> |
| more users= <!--Limited to three in total; separate using <br /> --> |
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| produced= <!--years in production--> |
| produced= <!--years in production--> |
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The '''Fokker T.II or T.2''' (Not to be confused with the [[Fokker T-2]]) was a single engine [[floatplane]] designed in the [[Netherlands]] in the early 1920s as a [[torpedo bomber]]. Three were bought by the [[US Navy]] who tested them against other aircraft from the [[US]] and the [[UK]]. The T.IIs did not win further production orders but remained in service for several years. |
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The '''Fokker T.II''' was a |
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==Design and development== |
==Design and development== |
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Fokker's T-designation included both [[bomber]]s and [[torpedo bomber]]s; the T.II was the first of this series, as the T.I was an unbuilt project. Three were ordered by the [[US Navy]] early in 1921 and completed towards the end of that year. Air power enthusiast General [[Billy Mitchell]] visited the Fokker works at [[Veere]] in early 1922. General [[Clayton Bissell]], traveling with him, was encouraged by Fokker to fly the T.II. He reported it unresponsive to the controls; Fokker responded by having about a meter of the rear fuselage cut out and the structure re-welded, which cured the problem. The three T.IIs were delivered to the US later in 1922, where they were given the designation '''FT-1''' (Fokker torpedo).<ref name=DNV/> |
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| ⚫ | |||
<!-- ==Units using this aircraft/Operators (choose)== --> |
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The T.II was a [[cantilever]] [[monoplane#Types|low wing monoplane]] with straight tapered, square tipped wings. [[Aileron#Horns and aerodynamic counterbalances|Overhung ailerons]] were used. The [[fuselage]] was flat topped and sided and deep from tail to nose, where a 400 hp (300 kW) [[Liberty 12A]] water-cooled [[V-12 engine]] drove a two blade [[propeller (aircraft)|propeller]]. The two crew sat in [[tandem]], separate, open round [[cockpit]]s over the wing. The [[tailplane]] was mounted on top of the fuselage; together, it and the [[elevator (aircraft)|elevator]]s were, like the wings, straight tapered in plan and square tipped. The [[fin]] and [[rudder]] were quite short but the latter extended to the deep keel. The T.II's twin float undercarriage was about 70% of the aircraft's length, projecting well forward of the nose. The floats were mounted on the fuselage by N-struts, two pairs, with diagonal transverse bracing between them, on each float. There were no transverse interfloat struts, as required by the torpedo dropping role.<ref name=DNV/> |
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The T.II's defensive armament was a single machine gun in the rear cockpit. Its offensive [[torpedo]] was mounted externally on the fuselage between the floats.<ref name=DNV/> |
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| ⚫ | |||
The US Navy conducted comparative tests of several types at their [[Anacostia]] base. The competitors in addition to the Fokker were the US [[Curtiss CT-1]], [[Douglas DT]]-1, [[Stout ST-1]] and the UK [[Blackburn Swift F]]. The Douglas machine won the production order and the Fokkers went into service at the [[Naval Air Station]], [[Hampton Roads]], remaining there until about 1926.<ref name=DNV/> |
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;T.II: Company designation of the torpedo bomber evaluated by the US Navy as the '''Fokker FT''' |
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;FT-1: The US Navy's designation for the T.II as delivered. |
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;FT-2: The third aircraft modified by the US Navy. |
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==Operators== |
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;{{flag|USA|country}} |
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*[[US Navy]] |
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==Specifications== |
==Specifications== |
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|length note= |
|length note= |
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|span m=19.83 |
|span m=19.83 |
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|span ft= |
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|span in= |
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|span note= |
|span note= |
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|upper span m= |
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|height m= |
|height m= |
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|height ft= |
|height ft= |
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|wing area sqft= |
|wing area sqft= |
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|wing area note= |
|wing area note= |
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|aspect ratio= |
|aspect ratio= |
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|airfoil= |
|airfoil= |
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|empty weight kg= |
|empty weight kg= |
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|empty weight lb= |
|empty weight lb= |
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|empty weight note= |
|empty weight note= |
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|gross weight kg= |
|gross weight kg=3314 |
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|gross weight lb= |
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|gross weight note= |
|gross weight note= |
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|max takeoff weight kg= |
|max takeoff weight kg= |
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|g limits=<!-- aerobatic --> |
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic --> |
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|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic --> |
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic --> |
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|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|climb rate ms= |
|climb rate ms= |
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|climb rate ftmin= |
|climb rate ftmin= |
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|climb rate note= |
|climb rate note= |
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|time to altitude= |
|time to altitude= |
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| ⚫ | |||
|sink rate ms=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|sink rate note= |
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|lift to drag= |
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|wing loading lb/sqft= |
|wing loading lb/sqft= |
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|wing loading note= |
|wing loading note= |
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|disk loading kg/m2= |
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|power/mass= |
|power/mass= |
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|more performance= |
|more performance= |
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*[[Machine gun]] in rear cockpit |
*[[Machine gun]] in rear cockpit |
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*[[Torpedo]]<!-- add (bulleted list) here or if you want to use the following specific parameters, remove this parameter--> |
*[[Torpedo]]<!-- add (bulleted list) here or if you want to use the following specific parameters, remove this parameter--> |
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| ⚫ | |||
|guns= |
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|bombs= |
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|rockets= |
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|missiles= |
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|hardpoints= |
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|hardpoint capacity= |
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|hardpoint rockets= |
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|hardpoint missiles= |
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|hardpoint bombs= |
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|hardpoint other= |
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|avionics= |
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}} |
}} |
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<!--==Notes==--> |
<!--==Notes==--> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{commons category|Fokker T.II}} |
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{{reflist|refs= |
{{reflist|refs= |
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<ref name=DNV>{{cite book |title= De Nederlandse vliegtuigen | |
<ref name=DNV>{{cite book |title= De Nederlandse vliegtuigen |last1=Wesselink|first1=Theo|last2= Postma|first2=Thijs|year=1982|publisher=Romem |location=Haarlem |isbn=90-228-3792-0|page=24}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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<!-- ==Further reading== --> |
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<!-- ==External links== --> |
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{{Fokker aircraft}} |
{{Fokker aircraft}} |
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{{USN torpedo aircraft}} |
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{{Aviation lists}} |
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[[ |
[[Category:Floatplanes]] |
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[[ |
[[Category:Fokker aircraft|T.II]] |
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[[Category:1920s Dutch military aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1921]] |
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Latest revision as of 06:57, 26 December 2022
| T.II | |
|---|---|
| |
| Role | Torpedo bomber |
| National origin | Netherlands |
| Manufacturer | Fokker-Flugzeugwerke |
| First flight | 1921 |
| Introduction | 1922 |
| Retired | ca. 1926 |
| Primary user | US Navy |
| Number built | 3 |
The Fokker T.II or T.2 (Not to be confused with the Fokker T-2) was a single engine floatplane designed in the Netherlands in the early 1920s as a torpedo bomber. Three were bought by the US Navy who tested them against other aircraft from the US and the UK. The T.IIs did not win further production orders but remained in service for several years.
Design and development
[edit]Fokker's T-designation included both bombers and torpedo bombers; the T.II was the first of this series, as the T.I was an unbuilt project. Three were ordered by the US Navy early in 1921 and completed towards the end of that year. Air power enthusiast General Billy Mitchell visited the Fokker works at Veere in early 1922. General Clayton Bissell, traveling with him, was encouraged by Fokker to fly the T.II. He reported it unresponsive to the controls; Fokker responded by having about a meter of the rear fuselage cut out and the structure re-welded, which cured the problem. The three T.IIs were delivered to the US later in 1922, where they were given the designation FT-1 (Fokker torpedo).[1]
The T.II was a cantilever low wing monoplane with straight tapered, square tipped wings. Overhung ailerons were used. The fuselage was flat topped and sided and deep from tail to nose, where a 400 hp (300 kW) Liberty 12A water-cooled V-12 engine drove a two blade propeller. The two crew sat in tandem, separate, open round cockpits over the wing. The tailplane was mounted on top of the fuselage; together, it and the elevators were, like the wings, straight tapered in plan and square tipped. The fin and rudder were quite short but the latter extended to the deep keel. The T.II's twin float undercarriage was about 70% of the aircraft's length, projecting well forward of the nose. The floats were mounted on the fuselage by N-struts, two pairs, with diagonal transverse bracing between them, on each float. There were no transverse interfloat struts, as required by the torpedo dropping role.[1]
The T.II's defensive armament was a single machine gun in the rear cockpit. Its offensive torpedo was mounted externally on the fuselage between the floats.[1]
Operational history
[edit]The US Navy conducted comparative tests of several types at their Anacostia base. The competitors in addition to the Fokker were the US Curtiss CT-1, Douglas DT-1, Stout ST-1 and the UK Blackburn Swift F. The Douglas machine won the production order and the Fokkers went into service at the Naval Air Station, Hampton Roads, remaining there until about 1926.[1]
Variants
[edit]- T.II
- Company designation of the torpedo bomber evaluated by the US Navy as the Fokker FT
- FT-1
- The US Navy's designation for the T.II as delivered.
- FT-2
- The third aircraft modified by the US Navy.
Operators
[edit]
Specifications
[edit]Data from Wesselink 1982[1]
General characteristics
- Crew: Two
- Length: 15.56 m (51 ft 1 in)
- Wingspan: 19.83 m (65 ft 1 in)
- Gross weight: 3,314 kg (7,306 lb)
- Powerplant: 1 × Liberty 12A water-cooled V-12 engine, 300 kW (400 hp)
- Propellers: 2-bladed
Performance
- Maximum speed: 167 km/h (104 mph, 90 kn)
Armament
- Machine gun in rear cockpit
- Torpedo
References
[edit]